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Contents
Figures and Tablesxi
Preface About This Notexvii
Conventions Used in This Bookxvii
Other Reference Materialxix
For More Informationxix
Part One Macintosh PowerBook Duo Computer1
Introduction to the Macintosh PowerBook Duo
Chapter 1 Computer3
Software Issues4
Market Segments4
Machine Identification6
PowerBook Duo Features6
Expansion Features7
Design Architecture7
Processing and Control7
Memory and Storage Capacity10
Communication10
SCSI and SCC Interface Capabilities10
Modem and Fax Links11
Human Interface11
Video Display Panel11
Keyboard11
Trackball11
Microphone and Speaker12
Main Expansion Connector12
Chapter 2 PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board13
Main Processor15
Memory Mapping16
Memory19
DRAM19
DRAM Expansion Card19
System ROM19
Docking Manager Calls on ROM20
Main System Controller20
Integrated VIAs20
Timing and Interrupt Control21
Memory Access and Control21
Sound DMA21
Power Saving21
Power Requirements and Management22
The Power Manager22
Operating Modes22
Power-Saving and Built-in Security Features24
PowerBook Duo Power States24
Nap24
Sleep25
Shutdown25
Battery Power Supply and AC Power Adapter25
Power Operating Modes26
Battery Charger26
AC Power Adapter26
Combination SCSI/SCC Controller Chip26
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)26
Serial Communication Controller (SCC)27
Power-Management Constraints for SCSI and SCC27
Video Components27
Sound Components28
Chapter 3 Internal Hard Disk29
Hard-Disk Drive Housing30
Operating Modes33
Power Off Mode33
Start-up Mode33
Ready Mode33
Standby Mode33
Power Requirements33
Hard Disk Interface34
Interface Requirements34
SCSI Connector34
Terminator35
Chapter 4 Input/Output Interfaces37
Main Expansion Connector39
Serial Port Connector43
Power Connector44
RJ-11 Modem Connector45
Chapter 5 Internal Modem47
Modem Hardware48
Mechanical Specifications48
Modem Implementation for Different Markets49
Telephone Line Interface52
Software Architecture53
Modem Control Panel53
Communications ToolBox53
Fax Terminal Software53
FAX Sender54
FAX Extension Driver54
FAX Terminal54
Compatibility54
Modem Features54
Communicating with the Modem55
Arbitration55
Ring Messages56
Data-User Associations56
Non-Data User Associations56
Error Correction and Data Compression57
Installation57
Fax Send and Receive Capabilities57
Modem Card Power Requirements58
Modem Interface58
Modem Card Electrical Interface58
Modem Card Hardware Interface59
Stand-alone PowerBook Duo59
PowerBook Duo with MiniDock60
PowerBook Duo with Duo Dock60
Modem Power Control Interface62
Telephone Line Electrical Interface63
Modem/fax Specifications63
Chapter 6 DRAM Expansion Cards65
Design Specifications66
DRAM Components66
Apple-designed Cards66
Addressing the Expansion Cards69
DRAM Expansion Card Interface69
DRAM Expansion Card Current and Power Draw71
DRAM Expansion Card Specifications72
Chapter 7 Mechanical Features73
Clamshell Housing74
LCD Panel74
Integral Keyboard76
Integral Trackball78
Chapter 8 PowerBook Duo Software79
CPU ROM80
Universal ROM Support80
Mouse/Trackball80
Video Driver80
SCSI Manager81
Declaration ROM81
System Software81
PowerBook Control Panel81
Port A AppleTalk82
PowerBook Duo Display Control Panel83
AutoRemounter83
Data Pump Driver84
Fax Support84
Software Features85
PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter and
Part Two Macintosh Duo MiniDock87
Introduction to the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter and
Chapter 9 Macintosh Duo MiniDock89
Overview of the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter91
Overview of the Macintosh Duo MiniDock91
Power Budget92
Electrical Considerations93
Thermal Considerations93
Chapter 10 PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter Hardware95
PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter Housing96
Interface with the PowerBook Duo96
Floppy Adapter Main Logic Board98
Apple Desktop Bus Connector100
Support for Floppy Disk Drive101
Power Supply102
Chapter 11 Macintosh Duo MiniDock Hardware103
Designing a Macintosh Duo MiniDock104
Macintosh Duo MiniDock Housing104
Rear Panel I/O Connectors105
Locking Mechanism106
Docking Constraints106
Interface with the Powerbook Duo106
Duo MiniDock Main Logic Board110
Support for Video Features113
Apple VSC ASIC114
Video RAM114
Video Output114
Video Interface114
Support for Floppy Disk Drive115
SWIM II Controller115
Floppy Disk Drive Interface116
Support for SCSI Devices117
Serial I/O Support118
Apple Desktop Bus Connector119
Audio Ports120
Declaration ROM120
Power Sources121
Modem Adapter Card121
Software Issues for the Floppy Adapter
Chapter 12 and the MiniDock123
Docking and Undocking the PowerBook Duo124
Docking Conditions124
Docking Constraints124
Preferences and Information Identities126
Multiple Environments127
Monitors127
File-Server Connections127
Single to Multiple Ports127
Overview of Declaration ROM Functions128
Overview of Modified System ROM Functions128
Start-Up Process128
Wake-Up Process129
Part Three Macintosh Duo Dock131
Chapter 13 Introduction to the Macintosh Duo Dock133
Overview of the Macintosh Duo Dock134
Chapter 14 Macintosh Duo Dock Hardware137
Declaration ROM138
Docking Constraints139
Macintosh Duo Dock Housing139
PowerLatch Technology143
Interface to the PowerBook Duo143
Duo Dock Main Logic Board147
Video Support149
Video Subsystem Controller149
Video RAM151
Video Output153
Video Port153
SCSI Support154
Serial Communication Ports156
Apple Desktop Interface157
Sound Ports158
Modem Adapter Card158
Internal Floppy Drive160
Optional Hard Drive160
NuBus Expansion162
NuBus Controller162
NuBus Interface162
Floating-Point Unit Interface168
Power Supply170
Network Support172
Chapter 15 Software Issues for the Duo Dock173
Docking and Undocking the PowerBook Duo174
Docking Conditions174
Docking Constraints175
Preferences and Information Identities177
Multiple Environments177
Monitors178
File-Server Connections178
AppleTalk178
Single to Multiple Ports178
Auto-Remounting Support179
Overview of Declaration ROM Functions179
Overview of Modified System ROM Functions179
Start-Up Process180
Wake-Up Process180
Appendix Declaration ROM Specifications181
Overview181
Firmware Structure182
Firmware Overview182
The Format Block182
The Board sResource182
The sResource Directory183
The Docking Functional sResource184
Hardware Attributes186
Docking Attributes188
Locking Attributes188
Power Status189
SCC Ports190
SCSI Disk Mode191
SCSI Chip Type191
NuBus Connectors192
Eject Attributes193
Sound Attributes193
Floppy Drive Icon194
ROM Version194
Base Address Calls194
Docking Initialization194
Docking Cleanup195
Save Sleep State195
Restore Sleep State195
Docking Eject196
Power Control196
SCSI Disk Mode Interrupt Handler197
CPU Speed197
Diagnostic Tests197
Docking Slot197
Other Functional sResources197
The System ROM Process198
The Start-Up Process198
The Wake-Up Process198
Duo Dock versus Duo MiniDock199
Glossary201
Index205
Figures and Tables
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Macintosh PowerBook Duo Computer3
Figure 1-1 The PowerBook Duo5
Figure 1-2 PowerBook Duo with expansion capabilities8
Figure 1-3 PowerBook Duo simplified block diagram9
Chapter 2 PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board13
Figure 2-1 Block diagram of the PowerBook Duo main logic board functions14
Figure 2-2 Outline of PowerBook Duo main logic board15
Figure 2-3 Physical address space of the PowerBook Duo17
Figure 2-4 Map of I/O space18
Figure 2-5 Map of video buffer and pseudo NuBus expansion space18
Table 2-1 On/off button effects on Power Manager23
Chapter 3 Internal Hard Disk29
Figure 3-1 Hard disk drive housing31
Figure 3-2 Bracket for the hard disk drive32
Table 3-1 Hard disk current drain and power consumption34
Table 3-2 Hard disk SCSI connector signal assignments35
Chapter 4 Input/Output Interfaces37
Figure 4-1 Rear panel of the PowerBook Duo 38
Table 4-1 Main expansion connector signal assignments39
Table 4-2 Serial port connector signal assignments44
Table 4-3 Power connector signal assignments44
Chapter 5 Internal Modem47
Figure 5-1 Outline of domestic and international modem cards49
Figure 5-2 Modem card dimensions50
Figure 5-3 Modem card component height51
Figure 5-4 Simplified view of modem card functions52
Figure 5-5 Interface between modem card and the PowerBook Duo60
Figure 5-6 Interface between modem card and the Mini Dock61
Figure 5-7 Interface between modem card and the Duo Dock62
Table 5-1 Modem card connector signal assignments58
Table 5-2 Modem/fax specifications63
Chapter 6 DRAM Expansion Cards65
Figure 6-1 Outline of DRAM expansion card67
Figure 6-2 DRAM expansion card chip configuration68
Table 6-1 Summary of DRAM capacities68
Table 6-2 DRAM expansion card connector signal assignments69
Table 6-3 DRAM expansion card current and power draw72
Table 6-4 DRAM expansion card specifications72
Chapter 7 Mechanical Features73
Figure 7-1 View of PowerBook Duo housing in open position75
Figure 7-2 Views of PowerBook Duo housing closed76
Figure 7-3 PowerBook Duo keyboards77
Figure 7-4 PowerBook Duo trackball assembly78
Chapter 8 PowerBook Duo Software79
Figure 8-1 The PowerBook Duo control panel82
Figure 8-2 Options dialog box82
Figure 8-3 PowerBook Duo display control panel83
Figure 8-4 AutoRemounter control panel83
Chapter 9 Introduction to the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter and
Macintosh Duo MiniDock89
Figure 9-1 PowerBook Duo with Floppy Adapter and MiniDock features90
Table 9-1 Expansion device power budget92
Chapter 10 PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter Hardware95
Figure 10-1 Views of PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter 97
Figure 10-2 Outlines of the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter logic board with components and dimensions99
Figure 10-3 Block diagram of PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter functions100
Figure 10-4 ADB connector pin designations100
Figure 10-5 Floppy disk drive connector pin designations101
Table 10-1 Main expansion connector pins used for the Floppy Adapter interface98
Table 10-2 ADB connector signal assignments101
Table 10-3 Floppy disk drive connector signal assignments102
Chapter 11 Macintosh Duo MiniDock Hardware103
Figure 11-1 Macintosh Duo MiniDock housing105
Figure 11-2 Macintosh Duo MiniDock logic board with components111
Figure 11-3 Macintosh Duo MiniDock logic board with dimensions112
Figure 11-4 Block diagram of Macintosh Duo MiniDock functions113
Figure 11-5 Video connector pin designations114
Figure 11-6 Floppy disk drive connector pin designations116
Figure 11-7 SCSI connector pin designations117
Figure 11-8 Serial port connector pin designations119
Figure 11-9 ADB connector pin designations120
Figure 11-10 Modem adapter card122
Table 11-1 Main expansion connector signals used for the Duo MiniDock interface107
Table 11-2 Video formats114
Table 11-3 Video connector signal assignments115
Table 11-4 Floppy disk drive connector signal assignments116
Table 11-5 SCSI connector signal assignments117
Table 11-6 Serial port connector signal assignments119
Table 11-7 ADB connector signal assignments120
Table 11-8 Power sources for Macintosh Duo MiniDock subsystems121
Table 11-9 Modem adapter card connector signal assignments122
Chapter 12 Software Issues for the Floppy Adapter and the MiniDock123
Figure 12-1 Disconnect alert box126
Figure 12-2 Connect alert box126
Table 12-1 Conditions for docking and undocking the PowerBook Duo125
Chapter 13 Introduction to the Macintosh Duo Dock133
Figure 13-1 PowerBook Duo with Macintosh Duo Dock features135
Chapter 14 Macintosh Duo Dock Hardware137
Figure 14-1 Macintosh Duo Dock with monitor140
Figure 14-2 Side views of Macintosh Duo Dock141
Figure 14-3 Rear and front views of Macintosh Duo Dock142
Figure 14-4 Outline of Macintosh Duo Dock logic board 148
Figure 14-5 Block diagram of Macintosh Duo Dock functions150
Figure 14-6 VRAM SIMM 151
Figure 14-7 Video connector pin designations153
Figure 14-8 SCSI connector pin designations155
Figure 14-9 Serial port connector pin designations156
Figure 14-10 ADB connector pin designations157
Figure 14-11 Modem adapter card159
Figure 14-12 NuBus adapter connector on Macintosh Duo Dock
Figure 14-14 Front view of NuBus adapter card showing connectors164
Table 14-1 Main expansion connector signals used for the Duo Dock interface144
Table 14-2 Video formats149
Table 14-3 VRAM SIMM connector signal assignments151
Table 14-4 Video connector signal assignments153
Table 14-5 SCSI connector signal assignments155
Table 14-6 Serial port connector signal assignments157
Table 14-7 ADB connector signal assignments158
Table 14-8 Modem adapter connector signal assignments159
Table 14-9 Floppy disk drive connector signal assignments160
Table 14-10 Hard drive 50-pin SCSI connector signal assignments161
Table 14-11 NuBus I/O space162
Table 14-12 NuBus adapter card connector signal assignments164
Table 14-13 NuBus adapter card connector signal assignments166
Table 14-14 FPU interface signal assignments168
Table 14-15 DC output currents and power171
Table 14-16 DC output voltage cross-regulation limits171
Table 14-17 Power supply connector signal assignments171
Chapter 15 Software Issues for the Duo Dock173
Figure 15-1 Sleep alert box176
Figure 15-2 Sleep warning alert box 176
Figure 15-3 Computer locked alert box177
Table 15-1 Conditions for docking and undocking the PowerBook Duo computer174
Appendix Declaration ROM Specifications181
Figure A-1 Board sResource183
Figure A-2 sResource directory184
Figure A-3 Function result dockHardwareAttr187
Figure A-4 Function result dockDockingAttr188
Figure A-5 Function result dockLockingAttr189
Figure A-6 Function result dockPowerStatus189
Figure A-7 Function result dockSCC Ports190
Figure A-8 Function result dockSCSIDiskMode191
Figure A-9 Function result dockSCSIType 191
Figure A-10 Function result dockNuBusConnects192
Figure A-11 Function result dockEjectStatus193
Figure A-12 Function result dockSoundAttr193
Figure A-13 Params field dockInit195
Figure A-14 Params field dockPowerControl196
Table A-1 Defined selectors185
Table A-2 dockHardwareAttr bit fields.187
Table A-3 dockDockingAttr bit fields.188
Table A-4 Function result dockLockingAttr bit fields189
Table A-5 dockPowerStatus bit fields190
Table A-6 dockSCC Ports bit fields190
Table A-7 dockSCSIDiskMode bit fields191
Table A-8 dockSCSIType bit fields192
Table A-9 dockNuBusConnects bit fields192
Table A-10 dockEjectStatus bit fields193
Table A-11 dockSoundAttr bit fields194
Table A-12 dockInit fields195
Table A-13 dockPowerControl bit fields196
About This Note
The Macintosh Duo System Developer Note describes design features of the Macintosh PowerBook Duo computer, and its accessories: the Macintosh PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter, the Macintosh Duo MiniDock, and the Macintosh Duo Dock, which enhance the performance and extend the capabilities of the PowerBook Duo.
This note provides you, the hardware or software developer, with the information you need to design hardware and software elements for the system, including interfaces, expansion devices, and application software. This publication assumes you are familiar with the functionality and programming requirements for Apple Macintosh computers.
This developer note consists of three parts and an appendix.
n Part 1, “Macintosh PowerBook Duo Computer.”
n Part 2, “PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter and Macintosh Duo MiniDock.”
n Part 3, “Macintosh Duo Dock.”
n Appendix, “Declaration ROM Specifications.”
It also contains a glossary and an index for the entire book.
Conventions Used in This Book
The following visual cues are used throughout this manual to draw attention to certain types of significant information.
sWARNING
A warning like this indicates a potential problem that could damage the hardware, cause the software to crash, or cause permanent
loss of data. <8bat\>s
IMPORTANT
This type of note contains information that is essential for an understanding of the main text and of the PowerBook Duo computer. <8bat\>s
Note
This type of note contains information of general interest. <8bat\>u
When new or specialized terms are defined, they appear in boldface. These terms are also defined in the glossary at the back of the book.
Hexadecimal numbers are preceded by a dollar sign ($). For example, the hexadecimal equivalent of the number 16 would be written as $10. All addresses are hexadecimal.
A slash in front of a signal name (/RESET) indicates an active low signal.
The following common abbreviations are used in the book
bps bits per second
DRAM dynamic random access memory
K 1024
MB megabyte
Mbit megabit
ms millisecond
ms microsecond
ns nanosecond
kΩ kilohm
mA milliamp
mA microamp
pF picofarad
RAM random access memory
VRAM Video RAM
A distinction is made between boards and cards. Boards are a permanent part of the computer or expansion device, for example the PowerBook Duo main logic board, or the Macintosh Duo MiniDock main logic board. Cards may be inserted into the system, and can be added or exchanged, for example the DRAM expansion card, and the modem card.
PowerBook Duo is alternatively referred to in the text as the computer.
PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter is alternatively referred to in the text as the Floppy Adapter.
Macintosh Duo MiniDock is alternatively referred to in the text as the MiniDock.
Macintosh Duo Dock is alternatively referred to in the text as the Duo Dock.
Devices in the same categories as the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter and Macintosh Duo MiniDock are referred to generically as expansion devices.
Other Reference Material
Related documentation includes:
n Guide to the Macintosh Family Hardware.
n Designing Cards and Drivers for the Macintosh Family,Third Edition.
n Inside Macintosh, Volumes I through VI.
n Macintosh Classic II, Macintosh PowerBook Family, and Macintosh Quadra Family Developer Notes, APDA publication number #ROI43LL/A.
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Macintosh PowerBook Duo Computer
Introduction to the Macintosh PowerBook Duo Computer
The PowerBook Duo computer is a small, lightweight, battery-operated portable computer. It weighs 4.25 pounds, and measures 8.5" x 10.8" x 1.3". Its clamshell design is similar to that of the Macintosh PowerBook family of portable computers.
The PowerBook Duo operates alone as a notebook, or you may use it with a variety of expansion devices that extend the interface and provide the capabilities of a desktop computer. The PowerBook Duo, with its accessories, eliminates the need for a second computer, working equally well in the office or on the road.
The expanded computer comprises
n the PowerBook Duo computer
n the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter
n the Macintosh Duo MiniDock
n the Macintosh Duo Dock
This chapter provides you with an overview of the PowerBook Duo computer. Figure 1-1 shows several views of the computer.
You will find design information on the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter and the Macintosh Duo MiniDock in Part 2 of this developer note, and on the Macintosh Duo Dock in Part 3 of this note.
Software Issues
The software issues covered in this developer note include
n the declaration ROM, which is located in the expansion devices, and is used by the PowerBook Duo to identify the devices
n the system ROM
n system software
n support for the modem and fax
Chapter 8, “PowerBook Duo Software,” provides further information on these topics.
Market Segments
The target market for the PowerBook Duo includes
n users who want to have their files with them at all times: in the office, at home, and when traveling
n companies who cannot justify more than one computer per person
n users who want to use a full-size color monitor and keyboard at their desks, have access to networks, and NuBus expansion capability
Figure 1-1 The PowerBook Duo
n users who do not want the trouble of continually connecting and disconnecting cables
n users who want to connect custom expansion devices to their portable computers
These needs cross all Apple computer market segments. However, they tend to apply most to customers who have some experience with computers.
Machine Identification
Using the Gestalt Manager, you can determine whether your application is running on a PowerBook Duo, or another Macintosh model. The machine code for the PowerBook Duo is 32.
PowerBook Duo Features
Features of the PowerBook Duo computer include the following:
n Main processor: 25- or 33-MHz 68030 microprocessor.
n Main system controller (MSC): controls DRAM, ROM, built-in I/O, sound, and some power-saving features.
n Power Manager: a custom microcontroller that provides intelligent power management.
n Integral hard disk: 80-, or 120-MB capacity.
n 4 MBs of DRAM (dynamic random access memory) on the main logic board.
n DRAM connector: accommodates 4 MB or 8 MB Apple DRAM expansion card, expanding system capacity to 8 MB or 12 MB. Third-party developers using 16-Mbit DRAMs and current packaging can design a card that expands DRAM capacity
up to 24 MB.
n 1 MB of ROM (read only memory): stores system and configuration data.
n Video display: flat panel film super twist nematic (FSTN), with 640 x 400 pixel liquid crystal display (LCD), on-demand cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) backlighting, and 1-, 2-, and 4-bit gray scale.
n Video components: a gray-scale controller chip (GSC), and video RAM. The GSC controls the interface between the processor, the video RAM, and the flat-panel display. The VRAMs store the data required to write and refresh the display.
n Combo chip includes the Serial Communications Controller (SCC) and Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) controller.
n Sound: enhanced sound chip: supports 8-bit monaural sound input and output.
n Integral microphone and speakers.
n Modem: internal modem/fax card.
n Keyboard: integral full-function keyboard with trackball.
n I/O (input/output): one 152-pin connector for expansion devices, one mini-DIN 8-pin serial port, one modem port, and a power connector.
Expansion Features
You may use the PowerBook Duo with any of the following expansion devices:
n The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter, which provides a 20-pin HDI connection for an external floppy drive, and a mini-DIN 4-pin ADB (Apple Desktop Bus) connector.
n The Macintosh Duo MiniDock, which provides a 20-pin HDI connection for an external floppy drive, a mini-DIN 4-pin ADB connector, a 30-pin HDI SCSI connector for an external SCSI device, a DB-15 external video connector, a modem adapter, power connector, sound input and output connectors, and two mini-DIN 8-pin serial ports. The Macintosh Duo MiniDock supports 12- to 16-inch monitors, up to 8 bits
per pixel.
n The Macintosh Duo Dock, which turns the PowerBook Duo portable computer into a a full desk-top computer with enhanced graphics capabilities. It contains a built-in floppy drive, and an internal 50-pin SCSI connector and power connector for an optional built-in 3.5” SCSI hard disk. External connections include a mini-DIN 4-pin ADB connector, a 30-pin HDI SCSI connector for an external SCSI device, a modem connector, power and phone jacks, and two mini-DIN 8-pin serial ports. The Duo Dock supports 12- to 16-inch monitors, up to 16 bits per pixel; has two slots for NuBus cards; and supports an optional 68882 math coprocessor (floating-point unit).
Figure 1-2 on the next page summarizes the PowerBook Duo’s expanded capabilities. For further information about the Floppy Adapter, MiniDock, and Duo Dock, you should refer to Part 2 and Part 3 of this developer note.
Design Architecture
This section gives an overview of the PowerBook Duo computer architecture. Figure 1-3 (on page 9) is a high-level functional block diagram of the computer.
Processing and Control
The PowerBook Duo computer is designed around the MC68030 microprocessor. This device has complete 32-bit, non-multiplexed, address and data buses. It has sixteen 32-bit general purpose data and address registers, as well as two special-purpose registers, and two registers for stack pointers. The 256-byte instruction cache and the 256-byte data cache can be accessed at the same time. Dynamic bus sizing supports 8-, 16-, and 32-bit memories and peripherals. The MC68030 microprocessor also supports coprocessors with the MC68000 interface, including IEEE floating-point support provided by the MC68881/MC68882. Object code for the processor is fully compatible with that of the MC68020 and earlier devices.
Figure 1-2 PowerBook Duo with expansion capabilities
Figure 1-3 PowerBook Duo simplified block diagram
The main system controller (MSC) provides 32-bit addressing to support the MC68030 processor’s 32-bit architecture. It also controls memory access to the DRAMs and ROM. It has integrated VIA registers, that control the interface between the processor and
other elements in the system. Integrated sound DMA (direct memory access) controls
the sound feature, by way of the DFAC (digital filter audio chip.) The MSC has inte-
grated power saving features, and works with the Power Manager chip to control system power planes
Power management is a critical feature of a portable computer, and the PowerBook Duo uses a microcontroller (the Power Manager) to provide intelligent power management. Much of the Power Manager’s functionality is in firmware, making the architecture easily extensible to future portable products. You will find more information on the Power Manager and its functions in the section “Power Requirements and Management” in Chapter 2, “PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board.”
The gray-scale controller (GSC) controls the interface between the flat panel display, the video RAM and the processor. You will find more information on video control in the section “Video Components” in Chapter 2, “PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board.”
The PowerBook Duo sound system uses the main memory for the sound buffer. Sound logic on the MSC accesses this memory. In addition to sound playback and recording, the PowerBook Duo provides sound input for recording sounds digitally, and a playthrough feature that permits an external audio source to be mixed with computer-generated sound, and played out through the speaker or headphone jack. The analog processing functions for the sound system are implemented by an application specific IC (ASIC) called the digital filter audio chip (DFAC). You will find more information on this topic in the section “Sound Components” in Chapter 2, “PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board.”
The PowerBook Duo runs system software housed in the System ROM. Chapter 8, “PowerBook Duo Software,” provides further information on this subject.
Memory and Storage Capacity
PowerBook Duo DRAM capacity is 4 MBs on the main logic board. An expansion connector accommodates 4MB or 8MB Apple DRAM expansion cards, providing a potential 8 or 12 megabytes of DRAM. Using 16-megabit DRAMs, and the current industry packaging scheme, third-party developers can design expansion cards that expand total memory capacity up to 24 MB. Using a special packaging design (described in more detail in Chapter 6, “DRAM Expansion Cards”) not yet qualified by Apple, it is theoretically possible to extend capacity to 32 megabytes. There is one megabyte of read only memory (ROM). The system has an integral hard disk with 80- or 120-MB capacity. It uses memory-mapped I/O, mapping each peripheral I/O device to its own block of processor memory.
These subjects are described in more detail in the section “Memory” in Chapter 2, “PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board,” and in Chapter 3, “Internal Hard Disk.”
Communication
The PowerBook Duo supports AppleTalk and LocalTalk protocols, through its SCC port. It also has integral modem and fax capabilities.
SCSI and SCC Interface Capabilities
The Apple Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) bus is used to daisy-chain SCSI devices to Apple personal computers. The Serial Communications Controller (SCC) controls one serial port that may be programmed for synchronous, asynchronous, or AppleTalk protocols. The SCSI and SCC functions are handled by a single chip called
the combo chip. This integration, while conserving physical space on the main logic board, is transparent to the software.
IMPORTANT
Since there is only one serial port, and that port can be used for LocalTalk, compatibility problems may arise. <8bat\>s
Modem and Fax Links
Communications features are a vital part of this portable machine. The PowerBook
Duo must be able to support local area networking and wide-area wired connectivity. Built-in LocalTalk satisfies the need for medium-speed LAN (local area network), and wired connectivity is provided in the form of a PSTN (public switch telephone
network) modem.
In the interests of cost and layout flexibility, the modem card is plugged directly into the main logic board. Two versions of the modem card are available. The domestic version, with integral DAA (data access arrangement), is used in the United States, Canada, and Japan. The international version is used in all other overseas countries. It has a discrete DAA that can be changed to suit different telephone systems, without changing the modem card, or the PowerBook Duo main logic board.
The modem provides full-duplex and asynchronous data operation, supporting all popular standards up to V.32 bis (14000 bps). It also supports facsimile (fax) transmission and reception. The modem supports error-detection and error-correction protocols, and data-compression algorithms. Chapter 5, “Internal Modem,” deals with this subject in more detail.
Human Interface
You can interact with the PowerBook Duo through the video display, keyboard, trackball, microphone, and speaker.
Video Display Panel
The video display is a flat panel film super twist nematic (FSTN) display. It provides a 640 x 400 pixel liquid crystal display (LCD), with on-demand cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) backlighting, and 1-, 2-, or 4-bit gray scale. The section “LCD Panel” in Chapter 7, “Mechanical Features,” provides more information on this subject.
Keyboard
The keyboard is an integral part of the PowerBook Duo. It is available in two configurations: U.S. and International. The section “Integral Keyboard” in Chapter 7, “Mechanical Features,” provides additional information.
Trackball
The trackball is located in the center of the keyboard. It fulfills the functions of a mouse. The section “Integral Trackball” in Chapter 7, “Mechanical Features,” provides further information.
Microphone and Speaker
The PowerBook Duo computer has a microphone input jack for sound input and output, and a built-in speaker. The section “Sound Components” in Chapter 2, “PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board,” provides more information on this subject.
Main Expansion Connector
A 152-pin connector on the main logic board allows expansion devices such as the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter, Macintosh Duo MiniDock, and Macintosh Duo Dock to be interfaced to the PowerBook Duo, and gives them direct access to the system’s address, data, and control signals. See Chapter 4, “Input/Output Interfaces,” for more information.
PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board
This chapter describes the main elements on the PowerBook Duo main logic board, and closely related subjects. Topics covered in this chapter include:
n main processor
n memory mapping
n memory - DRAM and DRAM expansion
n system ROM
n main system controller (MSC)
n power requirements and power management
n combination SCSI/SCC controller chip
n video components
n sound components
Figure 2-1 shows a block diagram of the computer’s main logic board functions.
Figure 2-2 shows a representation of the logic board outline, with key components.
Figure 2-1 Block diagram of the PowerBook Duo main logic board functions
Figure 2-2 Outline of PowerBook Duo main logic board
Main Processor
The main processor is an MC68030 microprocessor. The 32-bit architecture of this device supports separate 32-bit buses for address and data. The 32-bit address bus provides a 4-gigabyte logical and physical address range. Dynamic bus sizing supports 8-, 16-, and 32-bit memories and peripherals.
The processor’s 32-bit register set consists of 16 general-purpose registers, two super- visor stack pointers, and 10 special-purpose registers. The 256-byte on-chip caches (one for data and one for instructions) can both be accessed at the same time. Pipelined architecture allows access to the internal caches in parallel with bus transfers. The bus controller supports asynchronous, synchronous, and data-burst transfers. The MC68030 supports the MC68881 and MC68882 floating-point coprocessors.
For detailed information about the MC68030 microprocessor used in the PowerBook Duo, refer to The Enhanced 32-Bit Microprocessor User’s Manual.
Memory Mapping
The PowerBook Duo implements 32-bit memory address-mapping. Memory mapping is the process of translating a logical memory address into an arbitrary physical address. Mapping is essential in a complex, multi-user, multi-task environment, since it allows each program or task to be assigned a separate logical address space, and prevents one task from interfering with another. Mapping is performed on large blocks of addresses by the memory management unit (MMU), which contains tables that map logical memory locations to physical memory locations. MMU functions are integral to the 68030 processor.
Figure 2-3 shows an overview of the physical address space of the PowerBook Duo.
Figure 2-4 on page 18 is a detailed map of the I/O space. Figure 2-5 on page 18 shows space allocated to the video buffer and for pseudo-NuBus expansion.
Figure 2-3 Physical address space of the PowerBook Duo
Figure 2-4 Map of I/O space
Figure 2-5 Map of video buffer and pseudo NuBus expansion space
Memory
This section deals with memory requirements for the PowerBook Duo. It describes DRAM requirements, DRAM expansion capabilities, system ROM specifications, and bar declaration ROM interaction with the system ROM.
DRAM
The PowerBook Duo has four megabytes of DRAM on the main logic board. The low- power, self-refreshing DRAMs are arranged in dual two-megabyte banks. They have an access time of 70 nanoseconds with the 33Mhz microprocessor, and 80ns with the 25Hz microprocessor. Both banks are hard soldered to the main logic board. A typical DRAM bank contains four 512K x 8-bit DRAMs, providing two megabytes of basic memory.
The address map for the DRAM is stored in the MMU. Memory sizing software calculates what banks of RAM are in use, gives the size of each bank, and combines the segments in the table, so that the operating system sees contiguous blocks of memory. More information on memory mapping is provided earlier in this chapter, in the section “Memory Mapping.”
DRAM Expansion Card
The main logic board has an expansion slot that accommodates the memory expansion card. The one designed by Apple is a plug-in unit with space for 16 DRAMs. The card plugs into the side of the main logic board, and extends memory capacity by 4 or
8 megabytes. This card is described in detail in Chapter 6, “DRAM Expansion Cards.” Using 16 megabit DRAMs, third-party developers can design memory expansion cards that expand total DRAM capacity up to 24 megabytes.
System ROM
The PowerBook Duo toolbox is stored in a one-megabyte read-only memory (ROM). This ROM also contains information about the machine, including base address space, initialization VIA, NuBus configuration, DRAM arrangement, and CPU identification register.
The PowerBook Duo system ROM has been modified to allow the memory management unit (MMU) table to be set up for the PowerBook Duo’s new address map. This table contains addresses for items such as ROM, video RAM, and the expansion device’s declaration ROM.
Docking Manager Calls on ROM
PowerBook Duo architecture allows you to add hardware features to the computer by means of expansion devices, such as the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter, the Macintosh Duo MiniDock, and the Macintosh Duo Dock. These devices connect to the 152-pin connector on the rear panel of the computer. When any expansion device is attached,
pin 114 on the main expansion connector is grounded out, and this alerts the computer to the presence of an expansion device.
The logic boards of expansion devices such as the Macintosh Duo MiniDock and the Macintosh Duo Dock contain a declaration ROM. It provides the mechanism to identify the type of expansion device, to describe the data structures, and to provide a programmable interface. It allows the user to attach the expansion device without using configuration switches or special software. The declaration ROM also provides new device drivers and routines that are used by the system ROM. This means the system ROM need not be aware of each and every type of configuration.
The Apple PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter does not have a declaration ROM. Absence of the declaration ROM when pin 114 is grounded implies the presence of an Apple PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter.
Note
Some Apple documents refer to the declaration ROM as the configuration ROM. <8bat\>u
The Appendix, “Declaration ROM Specifications,” provides detailed information on the declaration ROM.
Main System Controller
The main system controller (MSC) supports the 32-bit system processor. It controls the SCC and SCSI input/output, and works in conjunction with the Power Manager to control the computer’s power saving function. Certain MSC functions are addressed as peripheral I/O devices, occupying addresses in the range of $5000 0000 through $5FFF FFFF, as shown in Figure 2-3.
Integrated VIAs
The MSC’s VIA (versatile interface adapter) registers control the interface between the processor and other elements in the CPU. Some of the VIA registers are of historical interest only and are not used in the PowerBook Duo configuration. Data written to or read from these historical locations is invalid.
Timing and Interrupt Control
Certain registers control interrupts and enable the software to determine the source of different levels of interrupts.
The registers also control timing and clock inputs to the Combo chip for the SCC interface, and to the GSC flat-panel display controller.
Memory Access and Control
The MSC supports up to eight banks of 512K x 8 DRAMs, or four banks of 512K x 8 DRAMs and four banks of 2M x 8 DRAMs. The MSC also controls the ROM and VSRAM (video static RAM) used in the computer. The VIA2 RAM configuration register determines how much RAM is installed in each bank. The software uses the information to select the RAM addressing scheme that places an image of the sound FIFO at the top of the physical address space for the installed RAM. RAM banks 0–3 always appear in the same fixed address spaces. Banks 4–7 change, depending on whether 512K x 8, or
2M x 8 banks are installed.
The MSC generates read and write timing for the serial ports. It also controls SCSI access protocols, and generates read and write timing for accesses, with or without handshaking.
Sound DMA
The MSC controls a number of functions for the PowerBook Duo sound system. It translates each CPU access to the Sound FIFO register into a RAM access, using the FIFO pointer to generate the RAM address. The MSC monitors the status of the sound FIFO. It also controls sound volume by means of the Sound Volume register, with all 1's producing the highest volume, and all 0’s the lowest.
The MSC’s Sound Clock Rate register sets the standard Macintosh clock rate of
22.25454 kHz, which is derived from the 15.6672 MHz clock. The Sound Record/Play register specifies the sample rate to be used for record or play mode. The MSC also controls a hardware handshake between the processor and the digital filter audio
chip (DFAC).
Power Saving
The system software uses the MSC to conserve power when the computer is running on battery. With the appropriate register configuration, the MSC prepares the computer to enter the sleep state or the nap state. These functions of the MSC are dealt with in more detail in the section “Power Requirements and Management.”
Power Requirements and Management
The PowerBook Duo’s power management feature is known as EverWatch. It is made up of the following hardware, firmware, and software elements:
n The Power Manager, a custom microcontroller, that controls all other power functions, including modem power control, battery monitoring and charging, sequencing for the hard disk, screen and backlight control for the video display panel, parameter RAM control, keyboard scanning, quadrature encoding for trackballs, DFAC control, the real-time clock, Apple Desktop Bus mastership, generation of a 1-Hz clock, and miscellaneous interrupts.
n The main system controller (MSC), which controls power to the CPU and to the sound system.
n The static RAM which stores the Power Manager’s operating system, and the code executed by the device.
n Supporting software code.
The Power Manager
The 68HC05 Power Manager is an Apple custom chip. Its operating system resides primarily in the external SRAM. However, the Power Manager also contains 512 bytes of internal masked ROM. This ROM provides the functionality to load the code needed to program the SRAM from the system, and also fully supports the Power Manager when it is operating in low-power modes. Much of the Power Manager’s functionality is in firmware, making the architecture easily extensible to future portable products.
The Power Manager communicates with the main processor using a six-wire, serial, interface.
Operating Modes
The Power Manager operates in many different modes to maximize performance and functionality, while minimizing current draw. To the outside world, there are three basic modes: full-power run, shutdown, and sleep.
Implementing the Modes
The device runs in full-power run mode whenever the computer is active.
The Power Manager shuts down the computer under the following conditions:
n If the battery gets low.
n If the software requests a shutdown.
n If you select Shutdown in the Finder, to implement an orderly shutdown, or to restart the computer.
n If you press the on/off button on the rear panel of the PowerBook Duo. The state implemented by the on/off button depends upon the state that exists when you depress the button. Table 2-1 summarizes the different effects of the on/off button. (The impact of the on/off button on the PowerBook Duo computer is precisely the same as its impact on the Power Manager.)
sWARNING
If you use the on/off button to implement a shutdown, you will get an immediate shutdown, and any applications running will not have time to close and save files. <8bat\>s
Note
You may reset the PowerBook Duo by holding down the Control and Command keys, and pressing the Power On key on the keyboard. This method of resetting is a useful alternative to using the on/off button if you have a software hang up. <8bat\>u
Table 2-1 On/off button effects on Power Manager
Action taken Current state New state
Press on/off button Shutdown On
Sleep On
On Shutdown
The Macintosh operating system selects sleep mode under the following conditions:
n If the computer is idle for a given time, up to a maximum of 30 minutes. You may select the length of the idle period, using the PowerBook Control Panel shown in Chapter 8, “Software Issues,” Figure 8-1.
n If you close the clamshell housing.
n If you request sleep using the Finder menu.
Coming Out of Sleep or Shutdown
You can bring the Power Manager and the PowerBook Duo out of shutdown or sleep states in a number of ways:
n You can press the on/off button on the rear panel of the PowerBook Duo, and if the computer is shutdown or asleep, it will come on. (See Table 2-1).
n If the computer is asleep, you can waken it by holding down any key on the keyboard.
n You can set the automatic wake-up feature in the PowerBook Control panel.
Note
Moving the trackball, or pressing its button, does not wake up the computer from either shutdown or sleep mode. u
Power-Saving and Built-in Security Features
The Power Manager has many built-in features that minimize power consumption, while at the same time ensuring computer reliability and safety.
n The Power Manager has a hardware feature, known as the computer operating properly (COP) watchdog feature. Using COP, the Power Manager provides an address which must be written to in a specific way at least once every four seconds. If this write operation does not occur, a full Power Manager reset takes place. This feature guarantees that batteries will not be incorrectly charged for an extended period of time, even if the firmware crashes.
n The Power Manager is clocked by an external 32kHz signal, and internally derives a
4 MHz clock by means of a phase-locked loop. This feature is selected through the software, so that the operating system can decide when it needs full-speed operation, and when it can manage with slow speed. Slow-speed operation is selected typically before a stop instruction is executed, and full speed is restored when the Power Manager exits from stop mode.
n The Power Manager also has a stop instruction, which stops execution. It turns off portions of the timing circuit, and waits for one of the following events, marked by low input on any pin in ports A and B: an interrupt on the /IRQ line, a 1-Hz interrupt, or any key down.
PowerBook Duo Power States
Under the control of the EverWatch power management feature, the PowerBook Duo operates in several power states: nap, sleep, and shutdown. The PowerBook Duo’s power states parallel those of the Power Manager, as shown in Table 2-1. For example, when the Power Manager is shutdown, the PowerBook Duo will similarly be shutdown, and when the Power Manager is brought out of a sleep state, the PowerBook Duo will similarly emerge.
Nap
To conserve power, the Macintosh system software can initiate the nap state whenever it determines that only a little processing power is needed. To enter the nap state, the software saves the state of all the MC68030’s registers and checks for interrupts. If conditions are satisfactory, the MSC initiates a reset, and waits for the processor buses to go tristate (off).
The computer stays in this nap state, with the MC68030 off but with the rest of the computer running normally, until an interrupt occurs. VIA 1 interrupts occur at least every 16.6 milliseconds, which is therefore the maximum nap time for the computer. When the MSC returns the processor to an active state, it holds reset low while it turns on power to the processor. During this time, it does not drive the processor’s address and control lines. After waiting five microseconds for processor power to stabilize, the MSC starts the CPU clock, and waits for the MC68030 to complete its reset sequence. Finally, the MSC drives /AS (address strobe) high, drives reset high for one clock, and then normal processing restarts.
The nap state is transparent to the user. Any user input, including holding down any of the keys on the PowerBook Duo keyboard, will bring the computer out of the nap state.
Sleep
Software initiates the sleep state after the computer has been idle (no mouse or keyboard activity) for a predetermined period. The software first checks that it has arranged for the Power Manager to turn off power to the hard disk drive, the LCD display, and the modem. It then informs the Power Manager it is going to sleep, saves the state of all the MC68030’s registers, and checks for interrupts.
If conditions are satisfactory, the MSC shuts down the MC68030 as it did when entering the nap state. It then stops the I/O, SCC, and sound clocks when they go low; turns off sound power, and drives low all signals, except SNDLE, which is connected to the DFAC chip. It does not change the VIA 2 bits controlling these functions. After waiting a further 0 to 113 microseconds for the correct point following a RAM refresh cycle, the MSC stops refreshing the DRAMs, which switch to self-refresh mode.
At a later fixed point, typically 20 ms, the Power Manager turns off power to the 2X CPU clock oscillator. The wake-up process starts when you press the power On button on the PowerBook Duo keyboard. The Power Manager begins the wake-up process by turning on power to the 2X CPU clock oscillator. After waiting 16 milliseconds for the clock to stabilize, it issues a level 1 interrupt to the MSC.
To leave the sleep state, after receiving the interrupt, the MSC waits 30-125 microseconds for the correct point following a RAM refresh cycle. It then takes control of RAM refresh again, and starts the 2X CPU clock. The MSC then enables the I/O and SCC clocks, and turns on sound power to the DFAC, provided that the VIA 2 bits controlling these functions are set. From this point, the MSC continues to recover from sleep as it recovered from the nap state.
Shutdown
Shutdown requirements for the PowerBook Duo are the same as for the Power Manager. See the section “Operating Modes,” under “The Power Manager.”
Battery Power Supply and AC Power Adapter
The Power Manager can detect that the power system has a power adapter, and a set of main batteries. The computer can operate on the power adapter, even if there are no main batteries. In shutdown mode, the Power Manager relies on the back-up battery to provide enough current to maintain the real-time clock, and the static RAM, and to run at full speed for short periods of time, typically up to 100 milliseconds.
The main batteries may be rechargeable or non-rechargeable. Each pack has an ID, which the Power Manager reads to determine what type of recharging, if any, is required.
The main battery should be removed only after the computer has been put to sleep or shutdown. The PowerBook Duo has a small backup battery on the main logic board which provides up to four minutes of power to keep the DRAMs alive while the main battery is being exchanged, provided the computer is in sleep mode when the exchange takes place.
Power Operating Modes
The power supply has three operating modes: full on, sleep, and off. Full on is used during normal operation, and supplies between 200 mA and 3 A. In sleep mode, the power supply provides between 3 mA and 20 mA. In shutdown mode, there is a leakage current of less than 100 mA. If AC wall-power is connected, the power supply is always in full-on mode.
Battery Charger
The basic battery charger circuit is a flyback converter that allows the input and output voltages to be entirely independent of one another. The circuit operates in an input voltage range of 18 to 30 volts, and an output range of 0 to 25 volts. Maximum power delivered to the battery is approximately 10 watts. The 1:1 turns ratio shown on the transformer is optimized for batteries in the range of 12 to 16 volts. Lower-voltage batteries should use a lower turns ratio. The charging current is programmable, with an external voltage supplied by the Power Manager, which also controls the charging functions, by monitoring battery voltage and battery temperature.
AC Power Adapter
The AC power adapter uses a flyback design and operates in continuous mode at full output current. Output power level is 25 watts, or 20 volts, at 1.04 amps. Output is short-circuit proof, operating in an intermittent mode during overload.
Combination SCSI/SCC Controller Chip
The Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) is combined with the serial communica-tions controller (SCC) in the 85C80 Combined SCSI Controller and Serial Communi-
cation Controller. The device is described in this text as the Combo chip. The integration is transparent to the software.
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)
The SCSI bus is used to daisy-chain SCSI devices to Apple personal computers. The SCSI connection in the basic PowerBook Duo connects to the internal hard disk. To use the external SCSI interface, the PowerBook Duo must be supported by an expansion device, such as the PowerBook Duo MiniDock, or the PowerBook Duo Dock.
Serial Communication Controller (SCC)
The SCC is a 16-MHz CMOS 85C30 device, with two independent ports for serial communication. Each port can be programmed independently for asynchronous, synchronous, or AppleTalk protocols. The SCC has a timing restriction between chip accesses, and there must be at least a 255-nanosecond delay between the end of the first access and the beginning of the second. This constraint is implemented in the hardware and is transparent to the programmer.
IMPORTANT
When the PowerBook Duo is undocked, there is only one serial port (port A). Since that port can be used for LocalTalk, compatibility problems may arise. <8bat\>s
Power-Management Constraints for SCSI and SCC
A low-power mode has been added to the system. It maintains the SCC registers when they are not in use but does not maintain the SCSI registers. The low-power mode
is used during the sleep state, and the SCSI register contents must be saved to RAM during this state. Low-power mode requires the reset input to the SCSI portion of the chip be held low, keeping its internal oscillator (which contributes considerably to power drain) off.
The SCC portion of the Combo chip is a static cell with CMOS design, and has a negligible impact on DC power drain during operation. As with the SWIM chip, stopping the clock is the most effective way of saving power, since AC power is a product of internal gate switching and clock frequency. The clock is controlled by
the MSC.
Video Components
The video system consists of the gray-scale controller (GSC) and video RAM. The GSC controls read and write operations between the processor and the VRAM, and continually sends the contents of the VRAM to update and refresh the display panel. The GSC drives active-matrix, 8-bit interface, single panels, or FSTN dual-drive, double panels. It provides 1, 2, and 4 bits per pixel gray scale.
The video RAM is a 128K x 8 device that stores the data required to update and refresh the flat-panel video display. The VRAM is memory mapped to locations $6000 0000 through $6080 0000. The 128K x 8 VRAM supports 640 x 400 line panels.
The CPU sees video memory as a continuous array of 128K bytes. The interface between the VRAM and the CPU is 16 bits wide, but like main memory, it is also byte (8 bits) addressable. The display consists of 400 lines, each 80 bytes wide, which gives a 640 x 400 pixel resolution. In STN (super twist nematic) mode, the screen is logically split into two 640 x 200 pixel screens. Each pixel is equivalent to one bit. Line 1 is at the top of the screen. The most significant bit, word 0, byte 0, bit 0 is in the top left corner, when facing the screen, and the least significant bit in the lower right corner.
Sound Components
The PowerBook Duo sound system includes a built-in speaker, an external headphone jack, and a microphone input jack for sound input. The PowerBook Duo also provides sound input for recording sounds digitally, and a playthrough feature that permits an external audio source to be mixed with computer-generated sound, and played out through the speaker or headphone jack.
Digital functions for the sound system are implemented by the main system controller. The PowerBook Duo sound system uses main memory for the sound buffer. Data is input to this buffer, and then transferred to a FIFO (first-in-first-out buffer) used for sound playback and recording. The FIFO is set up on the MSC. From there, data is routed to the DFAC, a custom IC that performs the analog processing functions for the sound system.
The DFAC contains a sound input amplifier with AGC (automatic gain control), a switched capacitor filter, an analog-to-digital converter, and switching and amplifier circuits. An on-chip register in the DFAC contains eight bits that control routing of
the analog sound signals through the computer. These bits are accessed through the Power Manager.
Internal Hard Disk
The PowerBook Duo has an integral hard disk, that is available in capacities of 80 MB and 120 MB. This chapter describes:
n Hard-disk housing.
n Operating modes.
n Power requirements.
n Interface.
The disk is formatted into 512-byte sectors and has an average access time under
20 milliseconds. It operates equally well in any orientation.
Hard-Disk Drive Housing
The hard disk drive is housed in the PowerBook Duo clamshell. Figure 3-1 shows detailed dimensions of the space allocated for the hard disk. It measures 4 inches by
2.75 inches and is 0.75 inches high. The height of the disk drive is critical, and must not exceed the specified 0.7539 inches. A bracket, shown in Figure 3-2 on page 32, attaches to the side of the hard disk, and holds it in place in the clamshell.
Figure 3-1 Hard disk drive housing
Figure 3-2 Bracket for the hard disk drive
Operating Modes
The hard disk operates in five modes: power off, start-up, ready, seek/read/write, and standby. The PowerBook Duo hard disk does not implement a shutdown mode.
Power Off Mode
In power off mode, no power is supplied to the disk, the heads are parked, and the spindle is not moving.
Start-up Mode
The start-up period is the time after power or a SCSI command has been applied to the drive, and before the drive enters ready mode. On initial receipt of power, the disk goes into start-up mode, and the drive delays spindle motor start-up for 700 (+/- 50) milliseconds. The drive may perform self-diagnostic tests, or go through a calibration procedure, during this mode.
Ready Mode
In this mode, the discs are spinning at the rated speed. The drive is able to accept and execute commands and may be accessed without delay. This is a command execution mode, during which the drive actuator is moving, or data is being written to or read from the disk.
Standby Mode
During standby mode, no power is applied to the HDA actuator motor. The spindle motor spins at full speed, and the actuator is locked in position over the landing zone. The interface is enabled, and can send or receive commands. The drive may exit from this mode if it receives a SCSI command.
Power Requirements
The hard disk operates on +5 VDC, +/- 5 percent. Voltage ripple tolerance is 100 mV peak to peak, from DC to 10 MHz.
Table 3-1 shows the maximum and mean current drain and power consumption requirements for the various operating modes of the 40MB and 80MB hard disk drives.
Table 3-1 Hard disk current drain and power consumptionMode Current (amps) Power (watts)
Mean Max. Mean Max.
Start-up --- 1.000 --- 5.00
Random Operation 0.500 0.700 2.50 3.50
Idle 0.300 0.400 1.50 2.00
Standby 0.200 0.250 1.00 1.25
Shutdown 0.050 0.075 0.25 0.38
NOTEDuring a read operation, +5 V power may be intermittently interrupted
without permanent damage or loss of data. During a write operation, +5 V power
may be interrupted without causing permanent damage, or data loss of more than
one sector.
Hard Disk Interface
This section describes the interface requirements for the hard disk drive. It provides specifications and signal assignments for the SCSI connector.
Interface Requirements
The interface to the hard disk is an ANSC X3T9.2 SCSI interface. Buffer size supports a 1:1 interleave. The drive supports the SCSI asynchronous information transfer. The data transfer rate is 1.5 megabytes per second (minimum). The embedded controller provides error recovery algorithms, which include error check and correction (ECC), seek retry, head offset (for open-loop systems), and defect management. Soft ID is optional. The drive responds to selection within 500 milliseconds of a SCSI hard reset. SCSI command overhead, defined as the time from the start of selection to the first disconnection of a read command (including message in/out phases) is 1.5 milliseconds maximum.
SCSI Connector
The SCSI connector is a 30-pin, shrouded, male, keyed, right-angle SCSI connector. It is located, as shown in Figure 3-1, within the envelope of the mounting case. Pin 1 is the rightmost pin of the upper row when viewing the connector with the drive top cover up. The key slot is also up. This connector also supplies +5 V power to the hard disk.
Table 3-2 shows the signal assignments.
Table 3-2 Hard disk SCSI connector signal assignmentsPin Signal name Description
1, 2, 15, 29, 30 +5V HDISK +5 V power
3, 4, 5, 11, 25, 27, 28 GROUND Ground
6 /REQ Access request
7 /C/D When active (low) indicates that data is on the SCSI bus. When high, indicates that control signals are on the bus.
8 /I/O Controls the direction of data movement. When this signal is low, data is output, when it is high, data is input.
9 /RST SCSI bus reset
10 /SEL Select
12 /MSG Message phase
13 /ATN Attention indicator
14 /ACK Acknowledge (handshake signal)
16 /BSY Busy
17 /DB[7] Data bus bit 7
18 /DBP Data bus parity
19 /DB[5] Data bus bit 5
20 /DB[6] Data bus bit 6
21 /DB[3] Data bus bit 3
22 /DB[4] Data bus bit 4
23 /DB[1] Data bus bit 1
24 /DB[2] Data bus bit 2
26 /DB[0] Data bus bit 0
Terminator
The hard disk has 1000-ohm termination resistors for all signal lines. They pull up to termination power.
Input/Output Interfaces
The PowerBook Duo input/output interface consists of the following elements:
n The main expansion connector, which allows you to connect expansion devices, such as the Macintosh Duo MiniDock, PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter, and Macintosh Duo Dock, to the PowerBook Duo.
n An 8-pin DIN serial communications connector, which allows you to connect an external modem, printer, or network (LocalTalk).
n A power adapter input, which enables you to connect to AC wall power
n A phone jack to allow you to connect the internal modem to the phone line
n An on/off button
These connectors are located on the rear panel of the PowerBook Duo, as shown in Figure 4-1.
The PowerBook Duo logic board has additional connectors that enable the computer to interface with the internal hard disk, the DRAM expansion card, and the internal modem. The interfaces are described in other chapters of Part I of this developer note.
n The internal hard disk interface is described in Chapter 3, “Internal Hard Disk.”
n The modem interface is described in Chapter 5, “Internal Modem.”
n The DRAM expansion card connector is described in Chapter 6, “DRAM Expansion Cards.”
Figure 4-1 Rear panel of the PowerBook Duo
Main Expansion Connector
The 152-pin main expansion connector provides the interface between the PowerBook Duo, and expansion features such as the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter and the Macintosh Duo MiniDock. These devices contain matching 152-pin connectors that plug directly into the connector on the PowerBook Duo main logic board. The expansion connector gives the devices direct access to the microprocessor’s 32-bit address bus, 32-bit data bus, and control signals. It also provides access to power, control, and
status signals in other parts of the computer. There are two versions of the connector,
as shown below.
n JAE part number JX20-152BA-D1LT-H is the right-angle version of the connector. It is used for the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter.
n JAE part number JX20-152BA-D1ST-H is the straight version of the connector. It is used for the Macintosh Duo MiniDock.
The 152-pin connector on the PowerBook Duo computer accepts a maximum insertion load of 28 pounds, when an expansion device is plugged into it. The connector is designed to withstand approximately 5000 lifetime insertions, and, based on current testing, has a tolerance for misalignment of 9 thousandths of an inch in both vertical and horizontal directions. Two holes, one on each side of the connector, serve as receptacles for the guide pins on the expansion device.
Table 4-1 shows the signal assignments for the main expansion connector. A slash before a signal name (/RST) indicates an active-low signal.
Table 4-1 Main expansion connector signal assignments(continued)
Pin number Signal name Description
1, 2, 77, 78, 79 PR +24V EXT Raw +24 V from AC adapter
3 /PLUG IN Power surge control (grounded in the expansion device)
5, 6, 82 PR MAIN BAT POS Positive battery power output
7 /ON/OFF OUT On/off button
8 /CIOUT Cache inhibit out
9 /STERM Synchronous termination
10 /DS Data strobe
11 /AS Address strobe
12, 29, 42, 55, 60, 64 +5V MAIN OUT +5 V regulated power
13 /HALT Halt
14 /BERR Bus error
15 /BGACK Bus grant acknowledge
16 /IPL0 Interrupt priority level signal 0 (least significant bit)
17 /IPL1 Interrupt priority level signal 1
18 /IPL2 Interrupt priority level signal 2 (most significant bit)
21 ADDR[0] Address bit 0
22 ADDR[2] Address bit 2
23 ADDR[4] Address bit 4
24 ADDR[6] Address bit 6
25 ADDR[8] Address bit 8
26 ADDR[10] Address bit 10
27 ADDR[12] Address bit 12
28 ADDR[14] Address bit 14
31 ADDR[18] Address bit 18
32 ADDR[20] Address bit 20
33 ADDR[22] Address bit 22
34 ADDR[24] Address bit 24
35 ADDR[26] Address bit 26
36 ADDR[28] Address bit 28
37 ADDR[30] Address bit 30
40 IOCLK 15.6672 MHz I/O clock
41 SIZ[1] Transfer size bit 1
43 DATA[0] Data bit 0
44 DATA[1] Data bit 1
45 DATA[2] Data bit 2
46 DATA[3] Data bit 3
47 DATA[4] Data bit 4
48 DATA[5] Data bit 5
49 DATA[6] Data bit 6
50 DATA[7] Data bit 7
52 DATA[17] Data bit 17
53 DATA[18] Data bit 18
54 DATA[19] Data bit 19
56 DATA[20] Data bit 20
57 DATA[21] Data bit 21
58 DATA[22] Data bit 22
59 DATA[23] Data bit 23
62 /SCC IRQ SCC interrupt request
63 SERVEE –5 V for SCC transceivers
67 +8V SOUND Special “clean” +8 V power for
sound output
68 +5V MODEM +5 V power for modem
69 LINET/R Modem DAA line talk/receive
70 +5V SOUND +5 V power for sound output
71 SND OUT R Sound output right channel
72 SND OUT L Sound output left channel
73 EXT MIC FILT R Right input signal from external microphone
74 EXT MIC FILT L Left input signal from external microphone
75, 76, 151, 152 DAA GND Modem ground
83 ADB DATA Apple Desktop Bus data
84 /ADBPWRON ADB power-on key
85 /CBACK Cache burst acknowledge
86 /CBREQ Cache burst request
87 /DSACK1 Data size acknowledge bit 1
88 /DSACK0 Data size acknowledge bit 0
89 /BR Bus request
90 /BG Bus grant
91 /SLEEP Sleep-state signal
92 FC[1] Function code bit 1
93 FC[0] Function code bit 0
94 /RMC Read-modify-write cycle
95 CPUCLK CPU bus clock
96 /CPURESET CPU reset (bus invalid)
97 ADDR[1] Address bit 1
98 ADDR[3] Address bit 3
99 ADDR[5] Address bit 5
100 ADDR[7] Address bit 7
101 ADDR[9] Address bit 9
102 ADDR[11] Address bit 11
103 ADDR[13] Address bit 13
104 ADDR[15] Address bit 15
105 ADDR[16] Address bit 16
106 ADDR[17] Address bit 17
107 ADDR[19] Address bit 19
108 ADDR[21] Address bit 21
109 ADDR[23] Address bit 23
110 ADDR[25] Address bit 25
111 ADDR[27] Address bit 27
112 ADDR[29] Address bit 29
113 ADDR[31] Address bit 31
114 /SLOT IN Expansion device plugged in grounds pin
116 RD Read/Write
117 SIZ[0] Transfer size bit 0
118 DATA[8] Data bit 8
119 DATA[9] Data bit 9
120 DATA[10] Data bit 10
121 DATA[11] Data bit 11
122 +5VEXTSENSE +5 V external sense
123 DATA[12] Data bit 12
124 DATA[13] Data bit 13
125 DATA[14] Data bit 14
126 DATA[15] Data bit 15
127 DATA[16] Data bit 16
128 DATA[24] Data bit 24
129 DATA[25] Data bit 25
130 DATA[26] Data bit 26
131 DATA[27] Data bit 27
132 DATA[28] Data bit 28
133 DATA[29] Data bit 29
134 DATA[30] Data bit 30
135 DATA[31] Data bit 31
136 MI Memory controller inhibit for cache access
137 /SWIM CS SWIM chip select
138 /SLOT E IRQ Pseudo-NuBus expansion slot E interrupt
139 /PFW Power fail warning (shutdown bit)
140 /IO RESET Reset output to I/O systems
143 DAA CNTLF Modem DAA control
144 DAA ID IN ID input from 152-pin connector to modem card
145 /RING DET Ring detect signal from the modem DAA
146 /RB DVR Modem relay B driver
147 /RA DVR Modem relay A driver
148 EXT MIC SEL External microphone plugged in
149 NC(EXT MIC) No connect (external line or mike level)
150 /SPKR SEL External speaker plugged in
Serial Port Connector
The serial interface controlled by the SCC portion of the Combo chip, is connected to the external world through an eight-pin, miniature DIN connector. Each signal passes through a series 47-ohm termination resistor. Table 4-2 on the next page lists serial port connector signal assignments. The table indicates to which pins on the SCC Combo chip the serial port signals are connected.
Table 4-2 Serial port connector signal assignments(continued)Pin Signal name Description
1 HSKo Handshake output. Connected to the Request to Send (RTS) pin on the Combo chip. Tristated when the Data Terminal Ready (DTR) signal is inactive.
2 HSKi Handshake input. Connected to the Transmit Receive Clock (TRXC) pin on the Combo chip.
3 /TXD Transmit data (inverted). Connected to the Transmit Data (TXD) pin on the Combo chip. Tristated when DTR is inactive
4 SG Signal ground. Connected to logic and chassis ground.
5 /RXD Receive data (inverted). Connected to the Receive Data (RXD) pin on the Combo chip.
6 TXD Transmit data. Connected to the Transmit Data (TXD) pin on the Combo chip. Tristated when DTR is inactive
7 GPi General purpose input. Connected to the Data Carrier Detect (DCD) pin on the Combo chip.
8 RXD Receive data. Connected to the Receive Data (RXD) pin on the Combo chip.
9, 10, 11 GND These pins are connected to chassis ground
Power Connector
The power connector on the rear panel enables you to connect an external power source for charging batteries. Table 4-3 summarizes the signal assignments for the connector.
Table 4-3 Power connector signal assignmentsPin Signal name Description
1 +24V EXT Raw 24 V power
2 P/S GND Point where chassis ground connects to p/s ground
3 ADB DATA ADB data
4, 5 Ground Safety ground
RJ-11 Modem Connector
A standard RJ-11 phone jack provides the modem interface with the telephone line. Modem functions are described in detail in Chapter 5, “Internal Modem.”
Internal Modem
Since the PowerBook Duo is portable, the communications features of the machine are crucial. The computer has a PSTN (public switch telephone network) modem, known as the 3615 modem, that provides wide-area connectivity through its modem and fax capabilities.
The data modem is full-duplex and asynchronous, and supports all popular standards up to and including CCITT V.32 bis (14400bps). The modem also performs fax emulation, which allows you to send and receive Group 3 fax documents, using CCITT V.29 (7200-9600 bps).
Hardware design and protocol standards qualify the modem for PTT approval in the United States, Canada, and Japan (domestic modem). A modified version, known as the international modem, conforms to PTT standards for European and other overseas countries. Figure 5-1 shows an outline of the domestic version of the modem card, and Figure 5-2 shows an outline of the international version.
The modem card plugs into a 50-pin connector on the side of the PowerBook Duo’s main logic board. The connector can accommodate the Apple modem card or a compatible third-party modem card.
Modem Hardware
This section describes the hardware required to implement the modem function, including the modem cards and telephone line interfaces.
Mechanical Specifications
The components required to implement the PowerBook Duo modem are mounted on a printed circuit card, referred to as the modem card. Figure 5-1 and Figure 5-2 provide the mechanical specifications needed to design PowerBook Duo modem cards for domestic and international applications. The figures include card dimensions, and connector types and locations.
Figure 5-1 Outline of domestic and international modem cards
Modem Implementation for Different Markets
To prepare the PowerBook Duo for international markets, the built-in modem must meet each overseas country’s phone system interface and modem performance requirements. This means that modem software, and occasionally hardware, vary from country to country. There are two versions of the modem card: one which targets U.S, Canadian, and Japanese markets, and a second version for use in all other overseas countries. Each version of the modem consists of the same basic elements: the data pump and the telephone interface, or DAA (data access arrangement). It is the DAA that changes to accommodate the requirements of different phone systems.
As shown in Figure 5-3, all domestic modem functions are housed on the same card. The international version of the card has an external DAA extension, which can be replaced without modification to the modem’s main logic card, or to the PowerBook Duo main logic board.
Figure 5-2 Modem card dimensions
Figure 5-3 Modem card component height
Figure 5-4 Simplified view of modem card functions
Telephone Line Interface
The DAA (data access arrangement) provides the telephone line interface. In the domestic version of the modem card, the DAA is an integral portion of the card, and communicates with the telephone line through the RJ-11 connector. (See Figure 5-3.) The international version of the card has a mini DIN-8 connector into which the external DAA is plugged. The external DAA contains the RJ-11 connector required to connect to the telephone line.
To operate properly in a given country, the modem must know what requirements it is supposed to meet. The country identification is embedded in each DAA (internal or external) and is accessed by the modem software.
Software Architecture
Many of the modem and fax functions are implemented in software running on the PowerBook Duo’s operating system. This allows easy field upgrades, and reduces hardware costs. This type of architecture also makes it easier to add new features to
the modem.
The 3615 modem software architecture consists of the following groups of components:
n A modem control panel
n A modem CTB connection tool, the CTB serial driver replacement
The modem control panel provides an interface with the modem stack. If the modem stack is the fax modem itself, the control panel is the front end of this system.
Communications ToolBox
The 3615 modem has a communications ToolBox (CTB) connection tool that provides a standard interface to the modem and allows it to be used by any CTB-based applica-tions. The system also supports non-CTB aware applications through a serial driver
replacement. (See also “Communicating with the Modem” later in this chapter.)
Fax Terminal Software
The fax terminal software provides fax send and receive capabilities for the 3615 modem. It provides the user interface and supports communication with the modem. The software consists of the following elements:
n FAX Sender (PDEF), which comprises the FAX phone book, Options, Cover information, and FAX Preview.
n FAX Extension Driver, a software driver.
n FAX Monitor Application, which monitors the sending and receiving of faxes.
FAX Sender
FAX Sender is a printer driver file, similar to ImageWriter or LaserWriter. Accessed through dialog boxes, it allows you to send a fax by “printing.” Any application that can print via the standard Macintosh Print Manager can send faxes using the 3615 modem. The FAX Sender contains a fax phone book feature that you can reference and edit. Options allow you to select between tone and pulse dialling, to select and preset the send time, and to enter a calling card number. Cover Info allows the sender to produce
a custom fax cover page. The Preview button displays the fax, and allows the sender
to see how it looks before sending it. The Send and Cancel buttons are part of the Preview dialog.
FAX Extension Driver
FAX Extension Driver is a software driver. It supports software, that is contained in an INIT, and placed in the System Extension Folder. The driver functions as a fax Send/Receive Terminal, performing QuickDraw/T4 image conversions, and calling upon the T.30 services of the fax module in the Modem Stack to transmit or receive a fax.
FAX Terminal
FAX Terminal is a background application that resides in the Control Panel Folder. Much like Print Monitor in appearance, it communicates with the FAX Extension Driver, handles queuing of faxes being sent or received, and provides status information. Like Print Monitor, FAX Terminal can be opened from the Finder, but it is normally opened automatically by the FAX Extension Driver.
See also the section “Fax Send and Receive Capabilities,” later in this chapter.
Compatibility
The 3615 modem has dependencies on System 7, the Macintosh Communications Toolbox, and the MCP (Macintosh coprocessor platform) A/ROSE driver.
The 3615 modem can be used with terminal emulation, front-end connection services, such as AppleLink or MacWorkStation applications. It is also compatible with server products, such as 976, AppleTalk, and Internet Router.
Modem Features
This section describes features of the modem, including ways of accessing, arbitrating between multiple clients, handling ring messages, correcting transmission errors, and compression data.
Communicating with the Modem
The 3615 modem provides two methods of accessing the program: a CTB connection tool for CTB-aware applications; and a serial driver for non-CTB-aware applications.
The CTB-aware application selects the 3615 modem by selecting the modem’s connection tool. The client application makes appropriate CTB read and write calls to pass the AT commands and responses, as well as client data, to the 3615 modem, through the connection tool. In front-end and server-type applications, such as AppleLink, a CCL (communication control language) script selects the modem connection tool automatically, making all commands to the modem without user intervention. Some applications require you to select and configure the modem, in which case, the 3615’s CTB appears as a choice in the standard CTB-connect dialog menu.
For non-CTB-aware applications, a serial driver replacement maps serial-drive prime, and routes calls onto the connection tool equivalents. In this way, 976 and other non-CTB applications function as if they are speaking to an external modem over serial port A.
Arbitration
The 3615 modem allows several software clients to set themselves up to use the modem, and client arbitration is required to ensure an orderly process. Client arbitration is implemented through the concept of “associations.” The 3615 connection tool creates
a logical connection, or association, between application program and modem. Associations may be Data or fax, and may be set up in user or server mode, with user mode having the higher priority. The client application selects the association through the Communications Tool Box scripting mechanism.
User mode is more commonly used by terminal emulators, such as MacTerminal, and front-end applications like AppleLink. The application takes control of the modem and places an outgoing call. Server applications, such as 976 and FAX Terminal, use server mode, and wait passively for incoming calls, although they can also actively place calls. Server mode is commonly used for sending and receiving faxes.
Data and fax associations use different modem transmission protocols, and the modem can decide how incoming calls should be routed.
The 3615 modem supports one association in user mode (data-user), and two associa-tions in server mode (data-server and fax-server). If a client requests an association type already claimed by another client, the request is denied, and an error message is issued. The modem maintains a set of s-registers and state variables, so that each modem client can treat the modem as exclusive. However, the modem can be in use (phone off the hook) with only one client at a time, and any attempt to manipulate the phone line when it is in use is denied, with the explanation that the line is “in use.”
Ring Messages
Since associations allow the modem to support multiple clients (fax, AppleTalk, Remote Access, and AppleLink) all at once, it is necessary to define the way in which ring messages and the S0 register are handled, for data-user associations, and non-date-user associations.
Data-User Associations
The data-user association takes precedence over other association types. When a data-
user association exists, its s register, S0, decides how many rings will initiate an auto-
matic answer, regardless of the S0 register settings of the server associations. There are two possible situations.
n S0 = 0. The 3615 modem answers only if an ATA command arrives from the data-user association.
n S0 > 0. The 3615 modem answers after the number of rings specified in the S0 register. If the incoming call is a fax call, and there is a fax-server association open, the call will go to that association. Otherwise, it will go to the data-user association.
Non-Data User Associations
When no data-user association is open, and at least one server association is open, if the server has set the S0 register to 0, we apply the convention that the server does not want to receive calls, but may still want to place calls. This implies that servers can never answer by counting the ring messages, or looking at register S1, and then issuing the ATA command. There are two possible scenarios: the first where both a fax server and data server exist, and the second where there is only one active server.
If both a fax server and a data server are active, one of the following conditions will prevail, based upon the setting of the S0 register.
n Both servers have set their S0 registers to 0. The 3615 modem will not answer automatically.
n Both servers have set their S0 registers to more than 0. The 3615 modem answers automatically after the minimum number of rings specified in one of the registers. So, if the fax server S0 register is set to 2, and the data server S0 register to 3, the modem will answer after two rings, and pass the call to the appropriate server. That is, it will pass fax calls to the fax server, and data calls to the data server.
n One server has set its S0 register to 0, and the other to a >0. The 3615 modem will answer the higher number of rings automatically, and pass the call only to the server association for which S0 is >0, provided of course that it is the appropriate kind of call: fax calls to the fax server, and data calls to the data server.
If only one server is active, the setting of the S0 register determines how the modem will implement the automatic answering procedure.
In all cases, the modem will have received the rings and answered the phone before it has determined to whom the call should be directed (data user, data server, fax server). The modem therefore has a scheme for sending the standard ring result code messages to the appropriate client, in a way that will meet the your expectations.
If a data-user association exists, it is most likely to be a terminal emulator, or a front-end applications such as MacTerminal, MacWorkStation, or AppleLink. The ring messages may be observed by the human user, or detected by a CCL script. For this reason, the ring messages will be sent each time a ring is detected until the phone has been answered. This satisfies your expectation of seeing the ring message as the ring occurs.
Server-oriented data and fax tasks are automated by CCL scripts, which can easily specify that the modem should answer automatically by setting the S0 register to a >0 value.
Note
Server modes do not receive ring messages. u
Error Correction and Data Compression
The modem is equipped with two industry-standard, transparent, error-correction and data-compression protocols: Microcom Networking Protocol (MNP II-V) and the CCITT standard V.42/V.42bis. Compression for MNP 5 is up to 2:1. For V.42bis it is up to 4:1.
These protocols improve transmission speed by up to 4 times the actual bit rate when connected to compatible modems. The protocols also provide a more efficient and reliable link. They are particularly useful in remote access types of applications, which need to pass non-text data quickly and reliably.
The modem normally attempts to achieve the best link possible when negotiating with a second remote modem, using MNP 2 through 5 and V.42/V.42bis error correction and data compression protocols. The modems systematically fall back on negotiation failures until they settle on a protocol, or hang up. It is possible to override and control which protocols are used by issuing AT commands.
Installation
The 3615 modem consists of two system files: a Control Panel, which is placed in the Control Panels Folder, and a 3615-specific CTB Connection Tool (3615 Modem Tool), which is placed in the System Extensions folder. A System 7 Installer Script is provided to install the software on the PowerBook Duo.
Fax Send and Receive Capabilities
Fax terminal software allows faxes to be sent and received. Faxes are sent by “Printing.” This involves selecting the “FAX Sender” PDEF in the Chooser. A fax cover page application allows the sender to create and edit custom cover pages.
Faxes received may be viewed, copied, printed, or saved as MacDraw-compatible documents, using a fax viewer application.
The fax terminal application is a background application in the Control Panel Folder (much like Print Monitor). It queues faxes being sent or received, and provides status information to the user.
The modem itself uses a fax command interpreter for fax transmission and reception.
Modem Card Power Requirements
The modem card operates on +5 VDC, +/-5%. This voltage is provided through the modem connector, either by the battery or a combination of battery and charger. Typically, a fully operational modem card has an optimized power consumption of 450 mW.
Current drawn from the two +5 VDC sources by the modem does not exceed
n 90 mA, typical, when in full operation (on line)
n 70 mA, typical, when in command state
Modem Interface
This section defines the interface between the modem card and the PowerBook Duo’s main logic board, and between the modem card and the telephone line.
Modem Card Electrical Interface
The modem card connects to the computer’s main logic board through a 50-pin, dual,
in-line socket JAE connector, part number SX20-50P-LTS-MH2-2T which plugs directly into the connector on the edge of the main logic board. Table 5-1 lists the signal assign-ments for those pins on the 50-pin modem connector.
Table 5-1 Modem card connector signal assignments (continued)
Pin Signal name Type Description
3, 16, 21, 27, 35, GND Ground Digital ground
8 +5V_US Power Unswitched +5 V. Always on.
14 MDMSOUND Output Phone line monitor. Analog signal.
20 /MDMPWR Input Power control signal for +5V_MODEM. When asserted (low), +5 V appears on the +5V_MODEM pins.
21 RAW_+10V Power Unregulated +10 V. It is on when the CPU is awake (maximum current 25mA).
40, 41 +5V_MODEM Power +5 V modem power. On when /MDMPWR is asserted.
42 SERVEE (-5V) Power -5 V power. On when CPU is awake.
44, 45 DAA GND Ground Analog ground
47 KEYSCANX[5] Output Keyscan line to the Power Manager, for power-on button.
49 KEYSCANX[0] Output Keyscan line to the Power Manager, for power-on button.
50 ON/OFF_OUT Output CPU on/off control signal to Power Manager.
The signals on the following pins are routed from the modem’s 50-pin connector, through the 152-pin expansion connector, to support phone line interfaces in
expansion devices.
6 /RBDVR Open collector Relay B Driver from modem card
to modem adapter card (DAA) in expansion device - MiniDock or
Duo Dock.
33 /RADVR Open collector Relay A driver from the data pump.
36 /RINGDET Input (wire-or) Ring detect signal from an expansion device’s adapter card (DAA).
46 LINE_T/R Input/output Voice-band analog signal to or from an expansion device’s modem adapter card (DAA).
used in this application.
Modem Card Hardware Interface
Figures 5-4 through 5-6 show the hardware interfaces between modem card and other hardware elements in the PowerBook Duo System.
Stand-alone PowerBook Duo
Figure 5-5 o0n the next page shows the configuration for the stand-alone PowerBook Duo computer. The modem card (domestic version) plugs in to the 50-pin connector on the side of the PowerBook Duo’s main logic board.
Figure 5-5 Interface between modem card and the PowerBook Duo
PowerBook Duo with MiniDock
Figure 5-6 shows the interface when the PowerBook Duo is attached to a MiniDock.The modem card plugs into the 50-pin connector on the PowerBook Duo’s main logic board. This board interfaces with the MiniDock’s main logic board via the 152-pin main expansion connector. The modem adapter card (internal DAA) provides the link to the telephone line, and it plugs in to the 10-pin connector on the side of the MiniDock’s main logic board.
PowerBook Duo with Duo Dock
Figure 5-7 on page 62 shows the interface when the PowerBook Duo is attached to a Duo Dock.The modem card plugs into the 50-pin connector on the PowerBook Duo’s main logic board. This board interfaces with the Duo Dock’s main logic board via the 152-pin main expansion connector. The modem adapter card (internal DAA) provides the link to the telephone line, and it plugs in to the 10-pin connector on the side of the Duo Dock’s main logic board.
Figure 5-6 Interface between modem card and the Mini Dock
Figure 5-7 Interface between modem card and the Duo Dock
Modem Power Control Interface
Two lines from the computer, +5V_US and +5VMODEM, provide +5VDC power to the modem. Power supply +5V_US is always present, unless there is a hardware shutdown (following battery failure. Power supply +5VMODEM is turned on or off depending on the current power mode of the modem. For example, +5VMODEM is turned off when the computer enters shutdown or sleep mode. The modem has two power modes: power on and power off.
Telephone Line Electrical Interface
Modem card design includes a balanced, two-wire telephone interface that meets U.S. (FCC part 68), DOC, and JATE telephone line interface specifications. The physical part of the interface consists of an RJ-11 phone jack, (J3) with six slots and four contacts. The middle two contacts are used for TIP and RING signals. All others are unused.
Modem/fax Specifications
Table 5-2 lists modem/fax specifications. The specifications are for reference only.
Table 5-2 Modem/fax specifications(continued)Full duplex data standards
Group III fax protocols (T.4 and T.30) and V.29 9600 bps and 7200 bps
V.27ter 4800 bps and 2400 bps
Error correction
Full V.42 compliance, including MNP2-4
Data compression
Standard Compression
V.42 bis Up to 4 to 1
MNP-5 Up to 2 to 1
DRAM Expansion Cards
This chapter provides the information you need to design a DRAM expansion card for the PowerBook Duo. Two Apple-designed DRAM expansion cards are available to expand the basic four-megabyte PowerBook Duo memory capacity to 8 or 12 megabytes. The cards have the same physical dimensions and plug directly into a 70-pin connector on edge of the main logic board.
Third-party developers using 16-megabit DRAMs can develop expansion cards that extend capacity to 24 megabytes. However, this developer note deals with the Apple
4- or 8-megabyte expansion cards.
Design Specifications
Figure 6-1 is the mechanical design drawing for the DRAM expansion card. It shows outlines and dimensions applicable to both cards.
DRAM Components
Developers of DRAM expansion cards should observe a number of design consider-ations when selecting DRAM components, and use devices with the following
characteristics:
n 70-nanosecond devices for systems running at 25 Hz or 33 Hz.
n Low power devices (300 mA maximum standby current).
n Devices with slow (128 millisecond) refresh (used in running mode).
n 512K x 8 bit, or 2MB x 8 bit devices. No other parts are supported.
Apple-designed Cards
The 4 MB expansion card houses eight 512K x 8 DRAMs in a standard SOJ package. It is a six-layer, surface-mount card. The 8 MB expansion card provides additional storage using sixteen 512K x 8 DRAM devices. If you require more than 8 MB of DRAM, you may use either denser capacity DRAMs (2 MB x 8), or an advanced packaging option. The connector, in each case, is a 70-pin, low profile JAE connector, part number SX20-70P-LTS-MH2-2T
The 4 MB and 8 MB Apple-designed DRAM expansion cards contain four memory banks, each of which contains four DRAMs. The two banks of permanent memory on
the main logic board are designated banks zero (0) and one (1). The four banks on the expansion card are banks two (2) through five (5). Figure 6-2 on page 68 shows the layout of the DRAMs. Table 6-1 on page 68 summarizes the capacities provided by different configurations and chip types.
Figure 6-1 Outline of DRAM expansion card
IMPORTANT
Each bank must be fully occupied, or completely unoccupied. It is not possible to have partially populated banks of DRAMs. <8bat\>s
Figure 6-2 DRAM expansion card chip configuration
Table 6-1 Summary of DRAM capacities(continued)Bank Chip type Bank capacity Board/card Comments
0 512K x 8 2 MB Main 512K chips only
1 512K x 8 2 MB Main 512K chips only
2 512K x 8 2 MB Expansion 512K chips only
3 512K x 8 2 MB Expansion 512K chips only
4 512K x 8 2 MB Expansion 512K or 2 MB chips
5 512K x 8 2 MB Expansion 512K or 2 MB chips
6 512K x 8 2 MB Expansion Not tested/approved
4 2 MB x 8 8 MB Expansion 2 MB or 512K chips
5 2 MB x 8 8 MB Expansion 2 MB or 512K chips
6 2 MB x 8 8 MB Expansion Not tested /approved
Total capacity 2-4 MB, tested and approved
Additional capacity 8 MB, not tested or approved
The 4MB expansion card houses its DRAMs in banks two (2) and three (3). Banks four (4) and five (5) are empty. The eight-megabyte expansion card uses all four memory banks. Banks zero through three (0-3) will support only two megabytes of DRAM each. Banks four (4) and five (5) will support eight megabytes per bank, providing 16-Mbit DRAMs are used. If banks two through five (2-5) are fully populated, it is possible to design an expansion card that provides a total capacity of 24 MB. (See Figure 6-2.)
Using a different packaging technique, it is theoretically possible to expand memory capacity up to 32 MB. Although the Apple DRAM expansion card is physically constrained to four banks, appropriate column address and row address strobe signals are provided to support a fifth bank. Using a special IC packaging technique, such as tape automated bonding (TAB), an expansion card using the fifth bank could provide
an additional 8 MB of DRAM, for a total memory capacity of 3 2MB (28 MB on the expansion card, and 4 MB on the main logic board). This configuration has not been tested or approved by Apple Computer.
Addressing the Expansion Cards
The expansion cards occupy part of the memory-mapped DRAM space, as shown in Figure 2-1 (Chapter 2, “PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board”).
DRAM Expansion Card Interface
The DRAM expansion card plugs into the 70-pin connector on the edge of the PowerBook Duo main logic board. The DRAM expansion card connector is a JAE connector, part number SX20-70P-LTS-MH2-2T. Table 6-2 lists the pin assignments for this connector.
When designing a DRAM expansion card, you should include logic for address and control circuitry, since all signals required are available at the expansion connector. There are ten DRAM address bits (FRA0:9), and 32 data lines. Data bits 24 through 31 are buffered (DDATA[31:24]). Other data (Data 23:0) is not buffered
Table 6-2 DRAM expansion card connector signal assignments(continued)
Pin Signal name Description
1 DDATA[31] Buffered data bit 31
2, 19, 20, 32, 39, 52, 62 +5V MAIN +5 V main power
3 DDATA[30] Buffered data bit 30
4,17, 22, 30, 37, 42, 50, 64 GROUND Ground
5 DDATA[29] Buffered data bit 29
6 DDATA[27] Buffered data bit 27
7 DDATA[28] Buffered data bit 28
8 DDATA[26] Buffered data bit 26
9 /FCASD[3] Filtered column address strobe for DDATA[31-24]
10 DDATA[25] Buffered data bit 25
11 /FRASDC Filtered row address strobe C
12 DDATA[24] Buffered data bit 24
13 FRA[8] Filtered multiplexed address bit 8
14 DATA[19] Data bit 19
15 FRA[7] Filtered multiplexed address bit 7
16 DATA[18] Data bit 18
18 DATA[17] Data bit 17
21 DATA[23] Data bit 23
23 DATA[22] Data bit 22
24 nc Not connected
25 DATA[21] Data bit 21
26 /FRASDE Filtered row address strobe E
27 DATA[20] Data bit 20
28 DATA[16] Data bit 16
29 /FCASD[2] Filtered column address strobe for DDATA[23-16]
31 FRA[6] Filtered multiplexed address bit 6
33 FRA[5] Filtered multiplexed address bit 5
34 DATA[11] Data bit 11
35 FRA[4] Filtered multiplexed address bit 4
36 DATA[10] Data bit 10
38 DATA[9] Data bit 9
40 FRA[10] Filtered multiplexed address bit 10
41 DATA[15] Data bit 15
43 DATA[14] Data bit 14
44 /FRASDG Filtered row address strobe G
45 DATA[13] Data bit 13
46 FRA[11] Filtered multiplexed address bit 11
47 DATA[12] Data bit 12
48 DATA[8] Data bit 8
49 /FCASD[1] Filtered column address strobe for DDATA[15-8]
Table 6-3 on the next page shows the nominal and maximum allowable current and power draw for the Apple DRAM expansion cards.
Table 6-3 DRAM expansion card current and power drawParameter 4-MB card 8-MB card
Current (maximum) 2.4 mA 4.8 mA
Current (nominal) 1 mA 2 mA
Power (maximum) 12 mW 24 mW
Power (nominal) 5 mW 10 mW
DRAM Expansion Card Specifications
Table 6-4 summarizes the DRAM expansion card specifications for the 4- and 8-megabyte cards. Using 16 MB DRAMs it is possible to extend overall DRAM
capacity to 24 MB.
Table 6-4 DRAM expansion card specifications(continued)4 MB card
# DRAMs 8
DRAM type 512K x 8
Packaging Standard SOJ
Dimensions See Figure 6-1
Board 6-layer, double-sided, surface mount
Connector 70-pin low profile,
Connector vendor JAE
Connector part number SX20-70P-LTS-MH2-2T
8MB Card
# DRAMs 16
DRAM type 512K x 8
Packaging Standard SOJ
Dimensions See Figure 6-1
Board 6-layer, double-sided, surface mount
Connector 70-pin low profile
Connector vendor JAE
Connector part number SX20-70P-LTS-MH2
All DRAMs are low-power, self-refresh devices.
Mechanical Features
This chapter describes PowerBook Duo mechanical design features, specifically
n Clamshell housing
n LCD display Panel
n Integral keyboard
n Integral trackball
Clamshell Housing
The PowerBook Duo is housed in a clamshell case. When closed, the case measures 8 by 10.8 inches, and is 1.3 inches deep. The total system weighs approximately four and a quarter pounds. Figure 7-1 shows the PowerBook Duo in the open position. Figure 7-2 shows views of the clamshell closed, from the top and the bottom.
The computer is self-contained, and the case houses the main logic board, hard disk, expansion cards, battery, LCD display panel, keyboard, and trackball, along with the required adjustment controls. You may remove the batteries from a slide-out panel at the front of the case. You may unscrew the slotted torque screws on the bottom of the housing to remove the keyboard and gain access to the DRAM and modem expansion cards. It is possible to remove or replace the DRAM card once the keyboard is removed.
LCD Panel
The PowerBook Duo uses a liquid crystal display (LCD). It provides high-quality black-on-white alphanumeric and graphic information, in a 640 x 400 pixel display with 0.30mm dot pitch format. The display is a fast-response-time FSTN type, with high-speed row and column IC drivers. Figure 7-1 shows a view of the display panel.
Figure 7-1 View of PowerBook Duo housing in open position
Figure 7-2 Views of PowerBook Duo housing closed
Integral Keyboard
The keyboard is an integral part of the PowerBook Duo. The design consists of a light-weight, matrix-only keyboard, of robust design, that operates in a wide range of environments. Two configurations are available. The first is the domestic version, intended for use in the United States. The other is the international keyboard, designed to meet requirements of European and other overseas markets. The domestic version has 63 keys, the international 64. The two layouts are dimensionally identical, and all keys are momentary. There are differences in the placement of keys, the legends on the keys, and the matrix which must correspond to key placement.
All cosmetic surfaces (the caps for the keys) are of Apple custom design. The keyboard sub-assembly construction is a flat-dished profile with no sculpted keycaps. The mounting details of the sub-assembly with respect to the system are Apple designed, with inputs from the vendor.
Figure 7-3 shows views of both the domestic (upper picture) and international keyboards (lower picture).
Figure 7-3 PowerBook Duo keyboards
Domestic keyboard
International keyboard
Integral Trackball
The PowerBook Duo trackball is a sub-miniature, low power, optical trackball assembly that fulfills the functions of a mouse. It is located in the center of the keyboard (see Figure 7-1), and is screwed into the computer housing. The assembly includes the trackball mechanism, a removable retainer ring, and two additional switches for trackball button operation. Figure 7-4 shows a graphic view of the trackball assembly.
Figure 7-4 PowerBook Duo trackball assembly
PowerBook Duo Software
The PowerBook Duo is a Macintosh, and it has maximum compatibility with current Macintosh applications. It runs on a CPU ROM/system software combination. When you open up the PowerBook Duo and turn it on, the system boots in the same way as other Macintosh systems.
This chapter discusses software modifications and additions that pertain to the basic PowerBook Duo, including
n CPU ROM
n Declaration ROM (located on bars, and used by the PowerBook Duo for identification)
n System software
n Fax support
n A list of PowerBook Duo software features.
CPU ROM
This section describes modifications made to the CPU ROM to support the
PowerBook Duo.
Universal ROM Support
The Universal ROM is a single ROM used in all Macintosh computers since the Macintosh IIci. This ROM contains the operating system for the PowerBook Duo. Overpatches have been added to the base ROM to support the new hardware configuration. This section itemizes those changes which are mainly in the decoder table.
Mouse/Trackball
There are changes in the mouse/trackball acceleration curves that provide better support for the different characteristics of the mouse and the trackball. A new trap sets the acceleration curves for pointing devices, enabling multiple devices to be handled more efficiently.
Video Driver
The PowerBook Duo gray-scale video driver supports 1, 2, and 4 bits per pixel.
SCSI Manager
The external SCSI bus is implemented like that on the Macintosh Quadra 900. The
only difference is that the PowerBook Duo uses a C80, and the Macintosh Quadra a
C96 SCSI chip.
A feature known as SCSI Disk Mode (SDM) allows you to attach the PowerBook Duo to the Apple Desktop as a simple SCSI device. The computer boots, but displays its SCSI ID on the screen. A software “wire’” connects the internal and external SCSI buses.
After determining that the SCSI Disk Mode cable is plugged in, the system jumps to SDM code, which tracks phase changes on the external SCSI bus and passes them along to the internal bus, so that the built-in hard disk can respond. Data from the internal hard disk is passed back to the host Macintosh.
Declaration ROM
The declaration ROM (sometimes referred to as the configuration ROM) is separate from the CPU ROM. It exists in the Macintosh Duo Dock, the Macintosh Duo MiniDock, or in any expansion device requiring ROM support. (The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter does not need a declaration ROM.) Among other functions, the declaration ROM enables the PowerBook Duo to recognize the type of expansion device to which it is docked. The declaration ROM is described in the Appendix to this developer note.
System Software
This section discusses the system software changes required to support the PowerBook Duo hardware.
PowerBook Control Panel
The PowerBook Duo has a new control panel. It replaces the current Portable cdev,
and is backwards compatible to previous PowerBooks. Only those features supported
by the PowerBook Duo appear in the control panel. Similarly, features supported by
the PowerBook Duo but not by previous notebooks will not appear in their panels.
Figure 8-1 on the next page shows the new PowerBook control panel.
Figure 8-1 The PowerBook Duo control panel
Clicking Options brings up the Options dialog box shown in Figure 8-2.
Figure 8-2 Options dialog box
Port A AppleTalk
There is only one serial port (Port A) for the PowerBook Duo when it is operating as a stand-alone computer. This port supports both a high-speed modem and LocalTalk. Changes have been made to route AppleTalk automatically to Port A when the PowerBook Duo is stand-alone.
PowerBook Duo Display Control Panel
This control panel adds two features to the PowerBook Duo computer.
n Screen dimming allows you to dim the backlight on the display screen automatically. This helps to conserve battery power when the computer is not connected to the AC power supply. The feature is a mini screen-saver that actually turns off the backlight on the internal LCD screen, and dims external monitors.
n Video Mirroring allows you to have a mirror image of one screen on a second external monitor. If you turn on Video Mirroring, you must restart the computer for the feature to take effect.
Figure 8-3 PowerBook Duo display control panel
AutoRemounter
The AutoRemounter allows you to remount automatically the file servers that were
on the desktop when the computer went into a sleep state, was shutdown, or both.
Figure 8-4 shows the control panel for the AutoRemounter.
Figure 8-4 AutoRemounter control panel
Using Remount Shared Disks, you can choose to implement the feature after sleep, after shutdown or sleep, or turn off the feature. When the PowerBook Duo goes into a sleep or shutdown state, the software determines which servers are mounted, and saves the Volume Control Block information for remounting when the computer wakes up
or restarts.
The Connect to Disks By feature allows you to choose whether to be prompted by a password, or to have the server mount automatically, without intervention.
The control panel package contains network sensing code that enables the PowerBook Duo to determine whether or not it is connected to a network. If the computer is not on a network, the software does not try to remount the servers. However, if you later connect to a network, the remounting feature takes effect again.
Data Pump Driver
The data pump driver is at the lowest end of the modem software. It handles two areas: control and setup; data handling and framing. A single driver supports both areas, and handles Control calls, Read, Write and Status. The driver is fully asynchronous, and supports multiple outstanding calls, cancellation of specific calls, and cancellation of all I/O. The driver is the interface to the hardware, hiding hardware specifics from the upper levels of the modem software.
Fax Support
The PowerBook Duo contains software (and hardware) that allows the system to send and receive faxes. The feature is made up of a number of applications that are visible to the user.
n Fax View is an application that allows you to view faxes received. Features of Fax View include rotate page, flip vertical, and page scaling.
n Fax Cover allows you to create cover pages for faxes.
n Fax Monitor enables you to monitor the status of faxes that have been, or are being sent. It functions in much the same way as PrintMonitor.
n Fax Sender is a PDEF like other printer drivers. When an application prints, it can “print” to the fax rather than the printer.
In addition to the pieces visible to the user, a fax API is provided for developers. This API allows developers to write software for the low-level fax driver. The Fax Driver is a device manager that communicates between the fax process and the fax hardware. It responds to fax engine calls to send and receive faxes, as well as capabilities requests used in managing the process.
Software Features
This section is a summary of PowerBook Duo software features.
n ROM port
n Basic system disk
n Multiple SCSI buses. Supports the addition of the Macintosh Duo Dock and other expansion bars that contain their own SCSI connections. (This feature is used only when the PowerBook Duo is operating with an appropriate expansion device.)
n SCSI disk mode. Supports the PowerBook Duo as just another hard disk when it is connected to a desktop computer by means of the SCSI chain. (This feature is used only when the PowerBook Duo is operating with an appropriate expansion device.)
n Gray-scale LCD driver. Supports 16-level, 1-, 2-, and 4-bit gray scale.
n External video driver. Supports up to 16” color display. (This feature is used only when the PowerBook Duo is operating with an appropriate expansion device.)
n Floppy driver. Was modified to allow you to attach a floppy drive dynamically, out of sleep. (This feature is used only when the PowerBook Duo is operating with an appropriate expansion device.)
n Data pump Toolbox. Interface to a generic data pump, independent of hardware.
n Logical docking user experience. Allows you to dock the PowerBook Duo with no confusion or data loss. (This feature is used only when the PowerBook Duo is operating with an appropriate expansion device.)
n Fax send/receive application. Built-in capability to send and receive faxes.
n Maximum compatibility.
n Serial driver replacement. Makes 976, and other applications that are not CTB-aware, work on the PowerBook Duo.
n Environment awareness. Ensures proper operation when the PowerBook Duo is docked and undocked. (This feature is used only when the PowerBook Duo is operating with an appropriate expansion device.)
PowerBook Duo
Floppy Adapter and Macintosh Duo MiniDock
Introduction to the PowerBook Duo
Floppy Adapter and Macintosh Duo MiniDock
The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter and the Macintosh Duo MiniDock provide the PowerBook Duo computer with extended interface capabilities. The Macintosh Duo MiniDock also provides expanded graphics capabilities. Figure 9-1 summarizes the features of an expanded system configuration.
This chapter provides an overview of the two expansion devices, and supplies information that is common to both devices about power budgets.
You will find information on the basic PowerBook Duo computer in Part 1 of this developer note, and on the Macintosh Duo Dock in Part 3 of this developer note.
Figure 9-1 PowerBook Duo with Floppy Adapter and MiniDock features
Overview of the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter
The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter is intended for use outside the office. It allows the portable PowerBook Duo to access a floppy disk drive, which it cannot do as a stand-alone computer, and to attach a larger keyboard, or an external pointing device, such as a mouse. These items can be used in place of the PowerBook Duo’s built-in keyboard and trackball. The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter hardware features are described in greater detail in Chapter 10, “PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter Hardware.”
PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter features include the following:
n High-density interface connector (HDI-20) for an external floppy-disk drive.
n Built-in Super Woz Integrated Machine (SWIM II) chip, to control the external
floppy drive.
n Mini-DIN 4 Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) connector for mouse or external keyboard.
n 152-pin connector that mates to the PowerBook Duo.
n Guide pins to align the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter connector with the PowerBook Duo connector.
n Mechanical locking device to secure the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter to the computer.
Overview of the Macintosh Duo MiniDock
The Macintosh Duo MiniDock implements a number of I/O features that enhance the performance of the PowerBook Duo in an office environment. They include external sound input/output, two serial ports, one SCSI connector for external SCSI devices, and one floppy connector for an external floppy-disk drive. The foremost enhancement is built-in video support for 12-inch monochrome and RGB monitors, the 13-inch RGB monitor, the 15-inch monochrome portrait monitor, and the new 16-inch RGB monitor with pixel depths up to 8 bits. The MiniDock also allows the PowerBook Duo to access a hard disk drive. The Duo MiniDock supports a floppy disk drive, in the same way as the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter, and similarly enables use of an external keyboard and pointing device. The Macintosh Duo MiniDock is described in more detail in Chapter 11, “Macintosh Duo Mini Dock Hardware.”
Macintosh Duo MiniDock features include the following:
n High-density interface connector (HDI-20) for an external floppy disk drive.
n Integrated Super Woz Integrated Machine (SWIM II) chip, to control the external floppy drive.
n Mini-DIN-4 Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) connector for mouse or external keyboard.
n High density interface SCSI connector (HDI-30) for an external hard disk.
n Two mini DIN-8 serial port connectors to implement the SCC interface.
n Built-in control for SCSI and SCC interface through the SCSI/SCC combo chip.
n DB-15 external video connector to support external monitors.
n Video controller and video RAM to support expanded video capabilities.
n Power jack to provide interface for the external wall-mounted recharge/power adapter.
n RJ-11 (domestic) or a mini DIN-8 (international) modem connector.
n Two sound connectors: one for input and one for output.
n 152-pin connector that mates to the PowerBook Duo.
n Guide pins to align the Macintosh Duo MiniDock connector with the PowerBook Duo connector.
n Mechanical locking device to secure the Macintosh Duo MiniDock to the computer.
Power Budget
Power budget considerations are the same for the Floppy Adapter and the MiniDock. Table 9-1 shows the power supplied to either expansion device under four different conditions. The power budgets for conditions 1 and 2 are identical.
n Condition 1 assumes battery operation, +5 V and -5 V from the PowerBook Duo expansion connector, and no voltage regulator in the device.
n Condition 2 assumes AC adapter operation, +5 V and -5 V from the PowerBook Duo expansion connector, and no voltage regulator in the device.
n Condition 3 assumes AC battery operation, +5 V and -5 V from the PowerBook Duo expansion connector, and voltage regulator in the device.
n Condition 4 assumes AC adapter operation, +5 V and -5 V from the PowerBook Duo expansion connector, and voltage regulator in the device.
Table 9-1 Expansion device power budget (continued)Condition Power from
+5 V pins Power from
-5 V pins Power from +24 V pins
to voltage reg.
1 2.0W 0.15W 0.0W
2 2.0W 0.15W 0.0W
3 2.0W 0.15W 2.8W
4 2.0W 0.15W 5.0W
If the expansion device requires more power than that delivered by the +5 V and -5 V inputs, power must be derived from the +24 V input via the voltage regulator.
Electrical Considerations
To reduce electro-magnetic emissions, careful attention must be paid to the electrical design of the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter and Macintosh Duo MiniDock logic boards, and to the mechanical design of the cases. Ferrite beads filter power supply signals from the PowerBook Duo computer. RC (resistor-capacitor) networks on connector signals reduce high-frequency noise. Using series termination for all long multiple-loaded signal paths reduces reflection. Case design incorporates shielded connectors and EMI (electro-magnetic interference) shields to minimize radiation.
Thermal Considerations
The Macintosh Duo MiniDock design currently provides no venting. All heat dissipation is accomplished with conduction and radiation cooling. The case design and component layout on the logic board distribute power dissipation to minimize hot spots. Some internal components may be heat-sinked to the case by providing an internal boss which drops down to touch the component. Although the thermal impedance of the plastic case material is high, this process reduces the internal ambient temperature considerably.
The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter similarly has no venting. However, since this device has so few components, heat dissipation is not a problem.
PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter Hardware
The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter provides the PowerBook Duo with support for a 1.44MB floppy drive, and an Apple Desktop Bus interface to accommodate an external keyboard and mouse. This chapter covers the following topics:
n Floppy Adapter housing
n Interfacing with the PowerBook Duo
n Floppy Adapter main logic board
n Apple Desktop Bus interface
n Floppy disk drive interface
n Power supply
PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter Housing
Figure 10-1 shows different views of the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter housing.
Interface with the PowerBook Duo
The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter connects to PowerBook Duo by means of a 152-pin, custom, right-angle connector, referred to as the main expansion connector, JAE part number JX20-152BA-D1LT-H. It is mounted directly on the logic board, and plugs into the 152-pin connector on the PowerBook Duo rear panel.
The connector gives the Floppy Adapter direct access to the microprocessor’s 32-bit address bus, 32-bit data bus, and control signals. It also provides access to power, control, and status signals in other parts of the computer.
Figure 10-1 Views of PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter
The signal assignments for the main expansion connector are listed in Table 4-1, in Part 1 of this developer note. Table 10-1 lists the subset of signals used for the Floppy Adapter. All other signals are not connected. A slash in front of a signal name (/PLUG IN) indicates an active-low signal.
Table 10-1 Main expansion connector pins used for the Floppy Adapter interface(continued)
Pin number Signal name Description
3 /PLUG IN Power surge control (grounded in the expansion device)
12, 29, 42, 55, 60, 64 +5V MAIN OUT +5 V regulated power
40 IOCLK 15.6672 MHz I/O clock
41 SIZ[1] Transfer size bit 1
83 ADB DATA Apple Desktop Bus data
84 /ADBPWRON ADB power-on key
114 /SLOT IN Expansion device plugged in grounds pin
116 RD Read/Write
128 DATA[24] Data bit 24
129 DATA[25] Data bit 25
130 DATA[26] Data bit 26
131 DATA[27] Data bit 27
132 DATA[28] Data bit 28
133 DATA[29] Data bit 29
134 DATA[30] Data bit 30
135 DATA[31] Data bit 31
137 /SWIM CS SWIM chip select
140 /IO RESET Reset output to I/O systems
Floppy Adapter Main Logic Board
This section describes the mechanical and functional aspects of the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter logic board.
Figure 10-2 shows outlines of the board, with components and dimensions. The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter logic board comprises a SWIM II floppy drive
controller, connector for the floppy drive, an ADB connector, and ferrites to limit EMI (electromagnetic interference), and ESD (electro-static discharge) suppressors.
Figure 10-2 Outlines of the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter logic board with components and dimensions
Figure 10-3 is a block diagram of the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter logic board functions. The logic board provides the facility to attach a floppy drive to the PowerBook Duo. It also routes the ADB signals from the 152-pin main expansion connector to the ADB connector.
Figure 10-3 Block diagram of PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter functions
Apple Desktop Bus Connector
An MD-4 connector connects ADB devices such as a keyboard and mouse to the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter. The ADB signals pass directly from the MD-4 connector to the main expansion connector. Figure 10-4 shows the ADB connector pin designations and Table 10-2 lists the ADB connector signal assignments.
Figure 10-4 ADB connector pin designations
Table 10-2 ADB connector signal assignmentsPin
number Signal name Description
1 ADB Bidirectional data bus for input and output.
2 /POWER ON Key on ADB keyboard grounds this pin to pin 4 to turn on power supply
3 +5V +5 V power.
4 GND Ground
Support for Floppy Disk Drive
The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter enables a floppy disk drive to be connected
to the PowerBook Duo computer. The drive is connected through a custom
HDI-20 high-density connector. Pin designations for this connector are shown in
Figure 10-5, and the signal assignments in Table 10-3. Control for the floppy drive is implemented by a single proprietary ASIC (application specific IC), SWIM II.
Figure 10-5 Floppy disk drive connector pin designations
Table 10-3 Floppy disk drive connector signal assignmentsPin
number Signal name Description
1, 2, 3, 4 GND Ground
5, 10, 20 nc No connection
6, 7, 8, 9 +5V +5 V power for floppy drive
11 PH0 State-control line 0
12 PH1 State-control line 1
13 PH2 State-control line 2
14 PH3 State-control line 3
15 /WRREQ Write data request
16 HDSEL Head select
17 /ENBL Floppy drive enable
18 RD Read data
19 WR Write data
Power Supply
The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter contains no power circuitry. It is powered from regulated supplies in the PowerBook Duo.
Macintosh Duo MiniDock Hardware
The Macintosh Duo MiniDock provides the PowerBook Duo with an extended interface to the outside world as well as expanded graphics capabilities. This chapter covers the following topics:
n MiniDock housing
n Docking constraints
n Interfacing with the PowerBook Duo
n MiniDock main logic board
n Support for video features
n The floppy disk drive interface
n The SCSI interface
n Serial I/O interface
n Apple Desktop Bus interface
n Audio ports
n The declaration ROM
n Power sources
n The modem adapter card
Designing a Macintosh Duo MiniDock
The Macintosh Duo MiniDock is particularly interesting to third-party developers
who wish to tailor functions of the PowerBook Duo to meet specific market demands,
for example
n to accelerate computer performance
n to support a variety of video configurations
n to support Ethernet
n to support DOS applications
Although different features may be designed into the MiniDock, you must stay within the physical and electrical constraints of the Apple-designed Duo MiniDock described in this developer note.
Macintosh Duo MiniDock Housing
Figure 11-1 shows various views of the Apple Macintosh Duo MiniDock, with its rear-panel I/O connectors, and locking mechanism.
Figure 11-1 Macintosh Duo MiniDock housing
Rear Panel I/O Connectors
The rear panel of the MiniDock (Figure 11-1) contains the I/O connectors for sound, SCSI, serial ports for printer and modem, a video port, a connector for Apple Desktop Bus devices, such as a mouse and keyboard, and a connector for a floppy disk drive. It also provides an RJ-11 phone hook up, a power jack, and an on/off button.
Locking Mechanism
The MiniDock connects to the PowerBook Duo by means of a 152-pin expansion connector. Two guide pins on the MiniDock align it with holes on the rear panel of the PowerBook Duo, and make sure that the expansion connectors are aligned correctly, and the MiniDock is properly seated. The MiniDock has a locking mechanism. As the guide pins on the MiniDock are inserted into the guide holes on the PowerBook Duo, latches on the MiniDock’s locking mechanism latch into the computer. Pressure on the locking mechanism handle secures the MiniDock to the computer.
Docking Constraints
Chapter 12, “Software Issues for the Floppy Adapter and MiniDock,” discusses docking constraints for the Macintosh Duo MiniDock.
IMPORTANT
You should attach the Macintosh Duo MiniDock to the PowerBook Duo only when the computer is off or asleep. If the PowerBook Duo is already docked to the Macintosh Duo MiniDock, it cannot be put to sleep while any external SCSI devices are in use. <8bat\>s
Interface with the Powerbook Duo
The Macintosh Duo MiniDock plugs into the 152-pin connector on the PowerBook Duo rear panel. This connector accepts a maximum insertion load of 28 pounds when the MiniDock is plugged into it. The connector is designed to withstand approximately 5000 lifetime insertions/extractions. Specifications for shear force and twisting resistance are not yet available.
The mating connector for the Macintosh Duo MiniDock is not mounted directly to the logic board, since it must connect to the PowerBook Duo at an angle of 83 degrees, and be mounted well above the board. The connector is therefore mounted on a separate logic board using a flex printed circuit. The connector is JAE part number JX20-152BA-DIST-H.
You will find the signal assignments for the main expansion connector in Table 4-1,
in Chapter 4 of this publication. Table 11-1 lists the subset of signals used for the
Duo MiniDock. All other signals are not connected. A slash in front of a signal name
(/AS) indicates an active-low signal.
Table 11-1 Main expansion connector signals used for the Duo MiniDock interface(continued)
Pin number Signal name Description
1, 2, 77, 78, 79 PR +24V EXT Raw +24 V from AC adapter
5, 6, 82 PR MAIN BAT POS Positive battery power output
7 /ON/OFF OUT On/off button
11 /AS Address strobe
12, 29, 42, 55, 60, 64 +5V MAIN OUT +5 V regulated power
21 ADDR[0] Address bit 0
22 ADDR[2] Address bit 2
23 ADDR[4] Address bit 4
24 ADDR[6] Address bit 6
25 ADDR[8] Address bit 8
26 ADDR[10] Address bit 10
27 ADDR[12] Address bit 12
28 ADDR[14] Address bit 14
31 ADDR[18] Address bit 18
32 ADDR[20] Address bit 20
33 ADDR[22] Address bit 22
34 ADDR[24] Address bit 24
35 ADDR[26] Address bit 26
36 ADDR[28] Address bit 28
37 ADDR[30] Address bit 30
40 IOCLK 15.6672 MHz I/O clock
41 SIZ[1] Transfer size bit 1
52 DATA[17] Data bit 17
53 DATA[18] Data bit 18
54 DATA[19] Data bit 19
56 DATA[20] Data bit 20
57 DATA[21] Data bit 21
58 DATA[22] Data bit 22
59 DATA[23] Data bit 23
62 /SCC IRQ SCC interrupt request
63 SERVEE –5 V for SCC transceivers
67 +8V SOUND Special “clean” +8 V power for sound output
68 +5V MODEM +5 V power for modem
69 LINET/R Modem DAA line talk/receive
70 +5V SOUND +5 V power for sound output
72 SND OUT L Sound output left channel
73 EXT MIC FILT R Right input signal from external microphone
74 EXT MIC FILT L Left input signal from external microphone
75, 76, 151, 152 DAA GND Modem ground
83 ADB DATA Apple Desktop Bus data
84 /ADBPWRON ADB power-on key
87 /DSACK1 Data size acknowledge bit 1
88 /DSACK0 Data size acknowledge bit 0
91 /SLEEP sleep-state signal
92 FC[1] Function code bit 1
93 FC[0] Function code bit 0
95 CPUCLK CPU bus clock
96 /CPURESET CPU reset (bus invalid)
97 ADDR[1] Address bit 1
98 ADDR[3] Address bit 3
99 ADDR[5] Address bit 5
100 ADDR[7] Address bit 7
101 ADDR[9] Address bit 9
102 ADDR[11] Address bit 11
103 ADDR[13] Address bit 13
104 ADDR[15] Address bit 15
105 ADDR[16] Address bit 16
106 ADDR[17] Address bit 17
107 ADDR[19] Address bit 19
108 ADDR[21] Address bit 21
109 ADDR[23] Address bit 23
110 ADDR[25] Address bit 25
111 ADDR[27] Address bit 27
112 ADDR[29] Address bit 29
113 ADDR[31] Address bit 31
114 /SLOT IN When the expansion device is plugged in, this pin is grounded
116 RD Read/write
117 SIZ[0] Transfer size bit 0
122 +5VEXT
SENSE +5 V external sense
127 DATA[16] Data bit 16
128 DATA[24] Data bit 24
129 DATA[25] Data bit 25
130 DATA[26] Data bit 26
131 DATA[27] Data bit 27
132 DATA[28] Data bit 28
133 DATA[29] Data bit 29
134 DATA[30] Data bit 30
135 DATA[31] Data bit 31
137 /SWIM CS SWIM chip select
138 /SLOT E IRQ Pseudo-NuBus expansion slot E interrupt
139 /PFW Power fail warning (shutdown bit)
140 /IO RESET Reset output to I/O systems
143 DAA CNTLF Modem DAA control
144 DAA ID IN ID input from 152-pin connector to modem card
145 /RING DET Ring detect signal from the modem DAA
146 /RB DVR Modem relay B driver
147 /RA DVR Modem relay A driver
148 EXT MIC SEL External microphone plugged in
150 /SPKR SEL External speaker plugged in
Duo MiniDock Main Logic Board
All the logic required to implement Macintosh Duo MiniDock functions is housed on a single printed-circuit board. This section provides mechanical specifications for the logic board. Figure 11-2 shows the outline of the board with major components. Figure 11-3 shows a view of the Macintosh Duo MiniDock logic board, with dimensions. Macintosh Duo MiniDock design provides space for a logic board approximately 8.07" (205 mm) long by 2.8" (71 mm) wide. Length is increased a further 1.5" (38 mm) if the modem DAA is not used. Component height on the board should not exceed 0.93" (23 mm).
Figure 11-4 is a functional block diagram of the Duo MiniDock logic board. Subsequent sections describe each of the logic blocks, and provide interface specifications where applicable.
Figure 11-2 Macintosh Duo MiniDock logic board with components
Figure 11-3 Macintosh Duo MiniDock logic board with dimensions
Figure 11-4 Block diagram of Macintosh Duo MiniDock functions
Support for Video Features
This section describes the enhanced video features provided by the Mini Dock’s video subsystem controller, video RAM, and video output circuitry. It also describes the
video interface.
Apple VSC ASIC
The video subsystem controller (VSC) is implemented in a single ASIC chip developed by Apple. The VSC incorporates all frame buffer control logic and can be programmed to generate the video formats listed in Table 11-2. All formats, other than VGA, support the standard Apple monitors. Apple supplies VGA timing.
The VSC also has a block devoted to SWIM II functions that control the floppy disk drive. (The VSC also controls the VDAC, SCC, SCSI, NuBus expansion, declaration ROM, and the FPU.)
Table 11-2 Video formatsMonitor Resolution Bit Depth
16” RGB 832 X 624 8-bit color
15” B/W 640 x 870 4-bit grey scale
13” RGB 640 x 480 8-bit color
12” B/W 640 x 480 8-bit grey scale
12” RGB 512 x 384 8-bit color
12” VGA 640 x 480 4-bit color
Video RAM
The video frame buffer is implemented by four 80 ns 256K x 4 video RAMs (VRAMs).
Video Output
A single VLSI device implements the video output circuitry. This is the color lookup table/digital-to-analog converter (CLUT/DAC).
Video Interface
The video connection to the Duo MiniDock is made through a standard DB-15 connector. Figure 11-5 shows the pin designations, and Table 11-3 lists the signal assignments.
Figure 11-5 Video connector pin designations
Table 11-3 Video connector signal assignmentsPin number Signal name Description
1 RED GND Red ground
2 RED VID Red video signal
3 /CSYNC Composite sync
4 SENSE0 Monitor sense bit 0
5 GRN VID Green video signal
6 GRN GND Green ground
7 SENSE1 Monitor sense bit 1
8 NC No connection
9 BLU VID Blue video signal
10 SENSE2 Monitor sense bit 2
11 C&VSYNC GND Ground for CSYNC and VSYNC
12 /VSYNC Vertical sync
13 BLU GND Blue ground
14 HSYNC GND HSYNC ground
15 /HSYNC Horizontal sync
Support for Floppy Disk Drive
This section describes the support provided by the MiniDock for floppy disk drives.
SWIM II Controller
A standard cell block in the VSC implements SWIM II functions to control floppy disk drive functions.
Floppy Disk Drive Interface
The Macintosh Duo MiniDock provides the PowerBook Duo with access to a floppy disk drive. The connector is a custom HDI-20 high-density connector. Figure 11-6 shows the pin designations and Table 11-4 the signal assignments.
Figure 11-6 Floppy disk drive connector pin designations
Table 11-4 Floppy disk drive connector signal assignments(continued)
Pin number Signal name Description
1, 2, 3, 4 GND Ground
5, 10, 20 nc No connection
6, 7, 8, 9 +5V +5 V power for floppy drive
11 PH0 State-control line 0
12 PH1 State-control line 1
13 PH2 State-control line 2
14 PH3 State-control line 3
15 /WRREQ Write data request
16 HDSEL Head select
17 /ENBL Floppy drive enable
18 RD Read data
19 WR Write data
Support for SCSI Devices
The Macintosh Duo MiniDock uses an 85C80 Combo chip to support the SCSI
channel interface.
It also provides an HDI-30 SCSI connector that enables hard drives, CD ROMs, and other peripheral devices to be connected to the computer. The pin designations for the SCSI connector are shown in Figure 11-7, and the signal assignments in Table 11-5.
Figure 11-7 SCSI connector pin designations
Table 11-5 SCSI connector signal assignments(continued)
Pin number Signal name Description
1 SCSI DM SCSI disk mode sense. Grounded in special SCSI disk mode cable.
2 /DB0 Bit 0 of SCSI data bus
3, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 20, 22, 24 GND Ground
4 /DB1 Bit 1 of SCSI data bus
5 TPWR +5 V terminator power
6 /DB2 Bit 2 of SCSI data bus
7 /DB3 Bit 3 of SCSI data bus
9 /ACK Handshake signal. Acknowledges a request for
data transfer.
11 /DB4 Bit 4 of SCSI data bus
14 /DB5 Bit 5 of SCSI data bus
16 /DB6 Bit 6 of SCSI data bus
18 /DB7 Bit 7 of SCSI data bus
19 /DB8 Bit 8 of SCSI data bus
21 /REQ Request for a data transfer
23 /BSY When active (low) indicates that the SCSI data bus is busy.
25 /ATN When active (low) indicates an attention condition.
26 /C/D When active (low) indicates that data is on the SCSI bus. When high, indicates that control signals are on
the bus.
27 /RST SCSI bus reset
28 /MSG Indicates the message phase.
29 /SEL Selects between target and initiator.
30 /I/O Controls the direction of data movement. When low data is output. When high, data is input.
Serial I/O Support
The Combo chip supports two serial ports, which are used for serial input and output. The inputs and outputs are buffered and converted to RS-422 logic levels, using Apple custom driver/receiver chips.
The serial port connectors are eight-pin miniature DIN connectors. Figure 11-8 shows the pin designations for the connector, and Table 11-6 lists the signal assignments. The table indicates to which pins on the SCC Combo chip the serial port signals are connected.
Figure 11-8 Serial port connector pin designations
Table 11-6 Serial port connector signal assignmentsPin number Signal name Description
1 HSKo Handshake output. Connected to the Request to Send (RTS) pin on the Combo chip. Tristated when DataTerminal Ready (DTR) signal is inactive.
2 HSKi Handshake input. Connected to the Transmit Receive Clock (TRXC) pin on the Combo chip.
3 /TXD Transmit data (inverted). Connected to the Transmit Data (TXD) pin on the Combo chip. Tristated when DTR is inactive
4 SG Signal ground. Connected to logic and chassis ground.
5 /RXD Receive data (inverted). Connected to the Receive Data (RXD) pin on the Combo chip.
6 TXD Transmit data. Connected to the Transmit Data (TXD) pin on the Combo chip. Tristated when DTR is inactive.
7 GPi General purpose input. Connected to the Data Carrier Detect (DCD) pin on the Combo chip.
8 RXD Receive data. Connected to the Receive Data (RXD) pin on the Combo chip.
9, 10, 11 GND These pins are connected to chassis ground.
Apple Desktop Bus Connector
An MD-4 connector on the MiniDock rear panel provides the PowerBook Duo with access to devices such as an external keyboard and mouse. The ADB signals pass directly from the MD-4 connector to the main 152-pin expansion connector. Figure 11-9 shows the pin designations for this connector, and Table 11-7 lists the signal assignments.
Figure 11-9 ADB connector pin designations
Table 11-7 ADB connector signal assignmentsPin number Signal name Description
1 ADB Bidirectional data bus for input and output
2 POWER ON Key on ADB keyboard (if connected) grounds this
pin to pin 4, enabling power to be turned on from
the keyboard
3 +5V +5 V power
4 GND Ground
Audio Ports
Two mini-jacks provide connections for sound input and sound output.
Declaration ROM
The 128KB declaration ROM contains information about configuration, driver, and diagnostics. It enables the PowerBook Duo to identify the type of MiniDock with which it is operating, as well as performing a variety of other functions. The ROM is similar in function and configuration to the one used on NuBus cards.
The ROM is a surface-mount part that is soldered onto the logic board. Chapter 15, “Software Issues for the Duo Dock,” provides further information on the MiniDock declaration ROM. The Appendix, “Declaration ROM Specifications,” contains the full specification for the PowerBook Duo declaration ROM.
Note
Some Apple publications refer to the declaration ROM as the configuration ROM. <8bat\>u
Power Sources
The Macintosh Duo MiniDock receives raw unregulated battery power from the PowerBook Duo via the 152-pin connector. A DC-to-DC switching converter regulates battery power to +5 VDC, for use by some of the components on the logic board.
Many of the components are powered from the regulated +5 V supply from the PowerBook Duo. An on-board switching controller regulates voltage, and supplies power for the SCSI terminator, the floppy drive, and ADB devices. Table 11-8 summarizes the power sources for each Macintosh Duo MiniDock subsystem.
Table 11-8 Power sources for Macintosh Duo MiniDock subsystems(continued)
Subsystem Power source
Combo chip (SCSI/SCC) PowerBook Duo main power
Serial drivers PowerBook Duo main, PowerBook Duo VEE
EPROM PowerBook Duo main power
Floppy drive Macintosh Duo MiniDock - switching controller
Sound-out buffer PowerBook Duo +5 V sound
Sound-in buffer PowerBook Duo +5 V sound, +8 V sound
Video PowerBook Duo main
SCSI terminator Macintosh Duo MiniDock - switching controller
DAA PowerBook Duo +5 V modem
ADB Macintosh Duo MiniDock - switching controller
A three-pin power jack connects the Macintosh Duo MiniDock to an AC adapter. The three conductors (power, ground, and ADB signal) pass through the MiniDock directly to the 152-pin main expansion connector.
Modem Adapter Card
The PowerBook Duo has an integral modem and RJ-11 phone hookup. When the computer is plugged into the MiniDock, the RJ-11 connector is blocked. The MiniDock uses an adapter card, that plugs into a 10-pin connector on the side of its main logic board, and provides a phone hookup on the rear panel of the MiniDock. Table 11-9 lists the signal assignments for the 10-pin connector. Figure 11-10 shows an outline of the adapter card.
Table 11-9 Modem adapter card connector signal assignmentsPin number Signal name Description
1 LINET/R Modem DAA line talk/receive
2, 3, 4 DAA GND Modem DAA ground
5 /RA DVR Modem relay A driver
6 DAA ID DAA identification
7 /RING DET Ring detect signal
8 /RB DVR Modem relay B driver
9 DAA CNTRL Modem DAA control
10 +5V MODEM +5 V power for modem
Figure 11-10 Modem adapter card
Software Issues for the Floppy Adapter and the MiniDock
This chapter discusses software issues raised when docking the PowerBook Duo to
the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter, or the Macintosh Duo MiniDock. Topics
covered include:
n Docking and undocking the PowerBook Duo: conditions and constraints
n Preference and information identities
n Multiple environments: desktop and notebook
n Moving from a single- to a multiple-port environment
n System software modifications
n Declaration ROM functions
n Modifications to system ROM functions
Docking and Undocking the PowerBook Duo
The process of attaching the PowerBook Duo to an expansion device is referred to as docking. Removing the computer from an expansion device is called undocking.
This section describes docking and undocking procedures and conditions, and the constraints placed on external devices, such as keyboards, floppy and hard disk drives, when the computer is docked or undocked.
Docking Conditions
The PowerBook Duo computer exists in one of three possible states: off, operational, and asleep. Docking and undocking is perfectly safe when the computer is turned off. If the computer is operational when docked, it will go into shutdown and restart. Behavior varies if the computer is docked when it is in the sleep state. The following section describe the conditions that occur while docking and undocking the PowerBook Duo. Table 12-1 summarizes those conditions.
Docking Constraints
There are three basic docking constraints for which new dialog boxes have been developed.
n You may attach an expansion device such as the Floppy Adapter or MiniDock to the PowerBook Duo only when the machine is asleep or off. Once the computer is attached, you may then add ADB devices, such as the mouse and/or keyboard, floppy-disk drive, and monitor. As soon as the computer emerges from the sleep state, the attached floppy drive, mouse and keyboard, and monitor are available for use.
Table 12-1 Conditions for docking and undocking the PowerBook DuoDocking and undocking activity Expansion device PowerBook Duo on PowerBook Duo asleep PowerBook Duo off
Insertion Into MiniDock. CPU crash. Hardware signals grounded. No hardware damage. Potential data loss. Floppy disk, modem, keyboard, mouse, and monitor OK. OK. Press Power On key on keyboard to start.
Running MiniDock attached. This is normal. OK if allowed in declaration ROM. Not possible.
Eject From MiniDock. CPU not booted while docked, or CPU rebooted while docked. CPU crash. Hardware signals grounded. No hardware damage. Potential data loss OK if only Floppy Adapter, keyboard, and mouse are attached. Dialog displayed otherwise. OK. Use release latch.
Insertion Into Floppy Adapter. CPU crash. Hardware signals grounded. No hardware damage. Potential data loss Floppy disk, keyboard, mouse OK. OK. Press Power On key on keyboard to start.
Running Floppy Adapter attached. This is normal. OK. Not possible.
Eject From Floppy Adapter. CPU crash. Hardware signals grounded. No hardware damage. Potential data loss. OK. Use release latch. OK. Use release latch.
You cannot bring other SCSI devices (available only with the Macintosh Duo MiniDock) on line, until you shut down and restart the computer. However, you may use a utility, such as a SCSI Probe, to allow you to add devices during the sleep state, and use them without restarting the computer.
The PowerBook Duo has a built-in mechanism that determines whether or not it is valid to allow the computer to go into a sleep state. It makes the decision based on information from the declaration ROM. Every effort has been made to make sure that you will not lose data, or experience a software crash if you remove peripherals during the sleep state, and then reawaken the computer.
n The PowerBook Duo clamshell housing must remain open when it is operating with the MiniDock, even if there is an external monitor and keyboard attached. You can turn on the computer from the external keyboard with the clamshell closed. However, the computer will start to go to sleep, and the external monitor will display the alert box dialog shown in Figure 12-1, and alert you with a warning beep. You will also see this alert box if you try to put the machine to sleep through the Finder. You must respond to the alert before trying to continue with any other procedure. Otherwise, the computer will merely continue to issue the warning beeps.
Figure 12-1 Disconnect alert box
n If you try to connect the PowerBook Duo to the Floppy Adapter or MiniDock while it is asleep, you will see the alert box shown in Figure 12-2. You must remove the expansion device from the PowerBook Duo, before it will wake up. You must then shut down the computer, connect the selected expansion device, and then restart the computer.
Figure 12-2 Connect alert box
Preferences and Information Identities
When you take the PowerBook Duo from one expansion device to another, your Preferences Identity, (passwords, preferences, desktop patterns), and Information Identity (files and applications) go with the computer. To preserve these identities, the PowerBook Duo’s internal hard drive is by default the one from which the computer boots, both as a stand-alone computer and when docked.
By changing settings in the Start-up Control Panel, you may set up an attached external hard drive to be the start-up hard disk. Of course, when you dock at a different station, the computer may start from the external hard disk at that station if it has the same SCSI ID as your own external hard disk. If you boot from an attached hard disk you lose your Preference Identity. However, as a trade off, you can take advantage of new facilities available at the new station. Your Information Identity remains intact.
Multiple Environments
The PowerBook Duo is the first Macintosh designed for use both as a notebook and as a desktop computer. The system software accommodates the multiple environments by providing mechanisms to determine the characteristics of the environment, and modifies internal settings to accommodate movement. Areas most affected are monitors and file-server connections.
Monitors
When you dock the PowerBook Duo to the Duo MiniDock, or any third-party device that supports video, you may use an external monitor, or continue to use the integral LCD display. By default, the internal LCD display is the main screen when the PowerBook Duo first docks to the Duo MiniDock. Undocking and redocking (conditions that require a restart) cause the MiniDock settings to take effect.
File-Server Connections
The PowerBook Duo institutes auto-remounting, a process in which a server is remounted when the computer is put to sleep or shut down, and reawakens or is rebooted, while attached to a network. If any files are open on a server when the PowerBook Duo tries to go to sleep, you are warned that data may be lost, and are prompted to close or save the files before allowing the computer to go to sleep. Once the files are closed, you may safely close file-server connections. The connection information is stored, and connections reestablished when the computer wakes up. You have the option of being prompted for a password before remounting, or having remounting occur automatically. You set the option through the Remounter Control Panel.
Single to Multiple Ports
When the PowerBook Duo is used as a stand-alone computer, it has only one serial port (A). You may use this port for LocalTalk (printer hook up) or high-speed modem. When the computer is docked to the Duo MiniDock, this port is covered by one of the computer’s feet, which slides up over the port to make way for the Macintosh Duo MiniDock connector.
The Duo MiniDock provides you with two serial ports (A and B). Arbitration is needed to change from a single- to a dual-port configuration. There are two scenarios.
n The printer is connected to Port B using the LocalTalk, and Port A is used for a high-speed modem. The software makes the changes needed, and you do not have to go into the Chooser to specify that the printer is in Port B. This is the only scenario if you wish to connect both a printer and a modem.
n The printer is connected to Port A. The modem cannot be plugged into Port B, since the PowerBook Duo cannot define the functionality of the port based upon what is plugged into it.
Overview of Declaration ROM Functions
Certain firmware must be included on the logic board of each expansion device in the MiniDock category. This firmware is stored in a ROM area called the declaration ROM, and it enables the computer to distinguish between the different types of expansion devices. The code required to support special services resides on the device, relieving the system ROM of the need to recognize each and every configuration.
The PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter does not require a declaration ROM, since its functions do not influence the functionality of the overall system. The presence of the floppy disk drive plugged into the Floppy Adapter is detected by the presence of the sense signal on pin 114 of the main expansion connector.
To provide the flexibility needed to support many configurations, the PowerBook Duo design takes the Slot Manager model, used by NuBus cards, as the software interface. The structure of the PowerBook Duo’s declaration ROM is based on the structure of the declaration ROM designed for NuBus cards. Chapter 8 of Designing Cards and Drivers for the Macintosh Family, Third Edition, is crucial for an understanding of generic declaration ROM issues and ideas. The Appendix of this developer note, “Declaration ROM Specifications,” discusses issues relating to the overall Macintosh Duo System.
Note
The declaration ROM is alternatively called the configuration ROM in some Apple publications. <8bat\>u
Overview of Modified System ROM Functions
This section talks about certain system ROM functions that relate specifically to the presence or absence of an expansion device in the MiniDock category. The system ROM checks the state of such docking devices at two points: when it is starting up in the normal boot process, and when it is coming out of sleep. These two processes are similar, and involve installing a handler for a particular device. The process becomes more complex if, during the sleep state, one device is taken out and replaced by another.
Start-Up Process
Under normal conditions, when you start up the PowerBook Duo, the system ROM goes through the docking management process, soon after the Slot Manager is initialized. The system ROM looks for a slot resource (sResource) on the Duo MiniDock’s logic board. When sResource is verified, the system ROM copies the contents of the declaration ROM’s sResource into the system heap, and replaces the Docking Dispatch trap handler with the address of the new handler. The docking handling code is physically located in a code block in the declaration ROM, and once the system ROM has installed this code block in the heap, dock handling calls can be made as required. In fact, the system ROM makes the init-selector call to allow the Duo MiniDock logic board to initialize itself.
Wake-Up Process
When the computer is coming out of sleep state, the system ROM is concerned with conditions that might have changed during sleep state. The ROM tracks the presence of an expansion device through the presence of the board ID, an entry in the board’s sResource, stored in the device declaration ROM. By checking this entry, the system ROM can determine if conditions have remained the same, if a device has been removed, and if a new device has been installed.
If conditions are the same, the system ROM takes no action. If a device has been removed or a different device has been installed, the system ROM instructs the old docking handler, which still resides in the system heap, to clean up after itself. When this process is complete, the old handler is purged, and a new handler replaces it. If a device has simply been removed, a default “no device” handler replaces the old entry.
From this point, the wake-up process follows the same path as the start-up process. Functionality may be limited when the computer is coming out of sleep state. For example, video and network services are not available from the newly-added device, and the computer must be restarted for those functions to come into effect.
Macintosh Duo Dock
Introduction to the
Macintosh Duo Dock
The Macintosh Duo Dock provides the PowerBook Duo computer with the capabilities of a desktop computer. This chapter provides an overview of the Macintosh Duo Dock features. You will find information about the basic PowerBook Duo computer in Part 1 of this developer note.
Overview of the Macintosh Duo Dock
The Macintosh Duo Dock turns the PowerBook Duo into a fully functional desk-top computer. It has an internal floppy-disk drive, and an optional internal hard-disk drive. Its extended interface accommodates a variety of peripherals, including external SCSI devices, mouse, keyboard, modem, printer, and sound I/O. Enhanced graphics capabilities support 12- to 16-inch monitors. The Macintosh Duo Dock provides a NuBus
adapter card with slots for two NuBus™ cards. To enhance overall system performance, the main logic board provides a socket for a 68882 math coprocessor (floating-point unit).
It is easy to dock and undock the PowerBook Duo. Assisted by a motorized insert/eject mechanism, it slides into a slot on the front of the Macintosh Duo Dock. A security key locks the PowerBook Duo in the Macintosh Duo Dock, and locks out other CPUs when the Macintosh Duo Dock is not occupied. Since the Macintosh Duo Dock housing can support the weight of a 16” monitor, it has a comparatively small footprint.
Macintosh Duo Dock features include the following:
n Macintosh I/O: external HDI-30 SCSI connector, mini-DIN 4 Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) connector for mouse or external keyboard, two serial communication ports for modem and printer, monaural sound input and output, on/off switch
n Built-in speaker
n 152-pin connector that mates to the PowerBook Duo
n Motorized eject/inject mechanism for reliable connections
n Internal 1.4 MB super-drive floppy, with auto-insert and auto-eject mechanism
n Internal 50-pin SCSI connector for optional hard disk drive, integral bay for 3.5-inch by 1-inch hard disk drive
n Video port for external monitor: 12 inches up to 16-inches, at 8 bits per pixel standard
n VGA and SVGA support for color monitors
n Optional VRAM SIMM (single in-line memory module) for 16-bit color on 12- or 16-inch monitor
n A NuBus adapter card with slots for two full-sized 15 watt NuBus cards, or one
25W card
n PLCC socket for a 33 MHz 68882 math coprocessor (FPU)
n A security key to lock the PowerBook Duo in Macintosh Duo Dock
n 75 W power supply with switched AC outlet for monitor power
n A modem adapter card to connect the PowerBook Duo modem to phone line
Figure 13-1 summarizes PowerBook Duo and Macintosh Duo Dock features.
Figure 13-1 PowerBook Duo with Macintosh Duo Dock features
Macintosh Duo Dock Hardware
The Macintosh Duo Dock is of interest to third-party developers who wish to expand PowerBook Duo capabilities in terms of performance, access to additional peripherals, monitor size, video capability, and storage capacity. This chapter outlines the guidelines applied to the design of the Macintosh Duo Dock hardware. This chapter covers the following topics:
n Duo Dock housing
n PowerLatch technology
n Power capabilities: power supply, pass-through power for monitor, power for the PowerBook Duo computer
n Macintosh Duo Dock interface to the PowerBook Duo computer
n Modem adapter card, RJ-11 modem port
n HDI-20 floppy disk drive connector
n On-board 50-pin SCSI connector and power connector for optional hard drive
n Mechanical and functional characteristics of the main logic board
n Video support: video subsystem controller, VRAM, VRAM expansion, video output, and video port
n SCSI interface: external HDI-30 SCSI connector for external hard disk, or other
SCSI devices
n Serial ports and interface: two mini-DIN 8 serial ports to implement the SCC feature
n A mini-DIN 4 ADB connector to connect Apple DeskTop devices, such as the mouse and keyboard
n Sound input and output ports
n NuBus expansion capabilities: connector and two slots for optional NuBus cards
n Floating point capability: socket for optional 33 MHz, PLCC 68882 floating-point unit
n Reserved I/O connector space
Declaration ROM
The PowerBook Duo computer operates with a variety of expansion devices, including the Macintosh Duo Dock. A 128 KB declaration ROM, surface mounted on the Macintosh Duo Dock main logic board, contains configuration, driver, and diagnostics information. The ROM enables the PowerBook Duo computer to identify the type of expansion
device with which it is operating. It also performs a variety of other functions. The
ROM is similar in function and configuration to the one used on NuBus boards. The Appendix, “Declaration ROM Specifications,” provides more information about the declaration ROM.
Note
You must install a declaration ROM on the Macintosh Duo Dock main logic board. <8bat\>u
Note
Some Apple documentation refers to the declaration ROM as the configuration ROM. <8bat\>u
Docking Constraints
Chapter 15, “Software Issues for the Duo Dock,” discusses docking constraints for the Macintosh Duo Dock.
IMPORTANT
You should attach the Macintosh Duo Dock to the PowerBook Duo computer only when the computer is off, and all files and applications are inactive. If you try to dock the PowerBook Duo while it is asleep, you will not lose data, but you will have to shut down and restart to activate features. If the PowerBook Duo is already docked to the Macintosh Duo Dock, it cannot be put to sleep. <8bat\>s
Macintosh Duo Dock Housing
Figure 14-1, Figure 14-2, and Figure 14-3 show various views of the Macintosh Duo Dock. It is 16.37 inches (415.6 mm) deep, 12.75 inches (323.8 mm) wide, and 4.75 inches (120.5 mm high). It weighs 19 pounds. The shell houses the Macintosh Duo Dock main logic board, a 152-pin expansion connector, a modem adapter card, an internal floppy disk drive, a power supply, a speaker, and a rear connector panel. It also provides a bay for an internal hard disk drive, and slots for two NuBus cards.
As indicated in Figure 14-1, the PowerBook Duo computer slides into a slot in the front of the Macintosh Duo Dock. When the PowerBook Duo is inserted into the slot, power is applied to the motor mechanism, the PowerBook Duo is drawn into the Macintosh Duo Dock, and connects automatically to the 152-pin connector at the rear of the Macintosh Duo Dock housing. When the eject button is depressed and the system is off, the PowerBook Duo is automatically ejected from the Macintosh Duo Dock. If the system is running when you try to eject, you will be prompted to save changed files, shut down, and then eject. A manual eject mechanism ejects the PowerBook Duo from the station when power is not available. These functions, among others, are implemented by the PowerLatch technology described later in this chapter.
As a security feature, the Macintosh Duo Dock has a locking mechanism (Figure 14-2), with 125 unique locks. The PowerBook Duo is locked in place by turning the key from the 6 o’clock to the 3 o’clock position. This mechanism also prevents the PowerBook Duo from being inserted into the Macintosh Duo Dock.
To reduce electromagnetic emissions, careful attention is paid to the mechanical design of the housing. Housing design incorporates shielded connectors and EMI shields to minimize radiation.
Figure 14-1 Macintosh Duo Dock with monitor
Figure 14-2 Side views of Macintosh Duo Dock
Figure 14-3 Rear and front views of Macintosh Duo Dock
PowerLatch Technology
Apple’s PowerLatch technology provides the user with seamless integration between desk-top and portable computer environments. The technology comprises the hardware, firmware, and software support needed to attach the PowerBook Duo computer to the Macintosh Duo Dock. PowerLatch provides the following capabilities:
n Physical docking connections, including the automatic inject/eject feature, and the locking mechanism.
n Firmware support in the form of ASICs and ROM, and low-level software. These elements enable the PowerBook Duo computer to recognize the environment in which it is operating, specifically whether it is operating as a stand-alone computer, or is docked in the Macintosh Duo Dock.
n system software which automatically configures the system for each environment, for example, automatically remounting shared disks when the user returns to the Macintosh Duo Dock.
Interface to the PowerBook Duo
A 152-pin main expansion connector, JAE part number JX20-152BA-D1LTH, provides the interface between the PowerBook Duo computer, and the Macintosh Duo Dock. It mounts directly to the Duo Dock’s main logic board, and plugs into the matching connector on the PowerBook Duo rear panel, giving the Duo Dock direct access to the microprocessor’s 32-bit address bus, 32-bit data bus, and control signals. It also provides access to power, control, and status signals in other parts of the computer, and allows the Duo Dock to provide power to the PowerBook Duo.
The connector accepts a maximum insertion load of 28 pounds when an expansion device is plugged into it. It is designed to withstand approximately 5000 lifetime insertions, and based on current testing, has a tolerance for misalignment of nine thousandths of an inch. Two holes, one on each side of the connector, serve as receptacles for guide pins.
Table 4-1 in Chapter 4 of this developer note lists the signal assignments for the connector. Table 14-1 lists the subset of signals used for the Duo Dock interface. A slash before a signal name (/AS) indicates an active-low signal.
Table 14-1 Main expansion connector signals used for the Duo Dock interface(continued)
Pin number Signal name Description
1, 2, 77, 78, 79 PR +24V EXT Raw +24 V from AC adapter
3 /PLUG IN Power surge control (grounded in the expansion device)
67 +8V SOUND Special “clean” +8 V power for sound output
68 +5V MODEM +5 V power for modem
69 LINET/R Modem DAA line talk/receive
70 +5V SOUND +5 V power for sound output
72 SND OUT L Sound output left channel
73 EXT MIC FILT R Right input signal from external microphone
74 EXT MIC FILT L Left input signal from external microphone
75, 76, 151, 152 DAA GND Modem ground
83 ADB DATA Apple Desktop Bus data
84 /ADBPWRON ADB power-on key
86 /CBREQ Cache burst request
87 /DSACK1 Data size acknowledge bit 1
88 /DSACK0 Data size acknowledge bit 0
89 /BR Bus request
90 /BG Bus grant
91 /SLEEP Sleep-state signal
92 FC[1] Function code bit 1
93 FC[0] Function code bit 0
94 /RMC Read-modify-write cycle
95 CPUCLK CPU bus clock
96 /CPURESET CPU reset (bus invalid)
97 ADDR[1] Address bit 1
98 ADDR[3] Address bit 3
99 ADDR[5] Address bit 5
100 ADDR[7] Address bit 7
101 ADDR[9] Address bit 9
102 ADDR[11] Address bit 11
103 ADDR[13] Address bit 13
104 ADDR[15] Address bit 15
105 ADDR[16] Address bit 16
106 ADDR[17] Address bit 17
107 ADDR[19] Address bit 19
108 ADDR[21] Address bit 21
109 ADDR[23] Address bit 23
110 ADDR[25] Address bit 25
111 ADDR[27] Address bit 27
112 ADDR[29] Address bit 29
113 ADDR[31] Address bit 31
114 /SLOT IN Expansion device plugged in grounds pin
116 RD Read/Write
117 SIZ[0] Transfer size bit 0
118 DATA[8] Data bit 8
119 DATA[9] Data bit 9
120 DATA[10] Data bit 10
121 DATA[11] Data bit 11
122 +5VEXTSENSE +5 V external sense
123 DATA[12] Data bit 12
124 DATA[13] Data bit 13
125 DATA[14] Data bit 14
126 DATA[15] Data bit 15
127 DATA[16] Data bit 16
128 DATA[24] Data bit 24
129 DATA[25] Data bit 25
130 DATA[26] Data bit 26
131 DATA[27] Data bit 27
132 DATA[28] Data bit 28
133 DATA[29] Data bit 29
134 DATA[30] Data bit 30
135 DATA[31] Data bit 31
137 /SWIM CS SWIM chip select
138 /SLOT E IRQ Pseudo-NuBus expansion slot E interrupt
139 /PFW Power fail warning (shutdown bit)
140 /IO RESET Reset output to I/O systems
143 DAA CNTLF Modem DAA control
144 DAA ID IN ID input from 152-pin connector to modem card
145 /RING DET Ring detect signal from the modem DAA
146 /RB DVR Modem relay B driver
147 /RA DVR Modem relay A driver
148 EXT MIC SEL External microphone plugged in
Duo Dock Main Logic Board
The logic required to implement Macintosh Duo Dock functions is housed on a single printed-circuit board. This section provides mechanical specifications for the board. Figure 14-4 shows the outline of the board with major components and dimensions. Macintosh Duo Dock design provides space for a logic board approximately 7 inches long by 7.5 inches wide. Width may be increased a further 1.5 inches if the modem adapter card is not used.
Figure 14-4 Outline of Macintosh Duo Dock logic board
To reduce electromagnetic emissions, careful attention is given to the electrical design of the logic board. Parallel RC networks on connector signals reduce high-frequency noise. Using series termination for all long multiple-loaded signal paths reduces reflection.
Figure 14-5 on page 150 shows a functional block diagram of the Macintosh Duo Dock logic board. The following sections describe major blocks briefly, and provide interface specifications.
Video Support
The Duo Dock provides extended video support for the PowerBook Duo by means of the video subsystem controller (VSC); the video RAM (VRAM), and VRAM extension card; and by the video connector on the rear panel of the Duo Dock housing.
Video Subsystem Controller
The video subsystem controller is implemented in a single ASIC chip developed by Apple. The VSC incorporates all frame buffer control logic and can be programmed to generate the video formats listed in Table 14-2. All formats, other than VGA, support the standard Apple monitors. Apple supplies VGA timing.
Table 14-2 Video formats
Monitor Resolution Bit depth with SIMM Bit depth without SIMM
16” RGB 832 X 624 16 bit color 8 bit color
15” B/W 640 x 870 8 bit gray scale 4 bit gray scale
13” RGB 640 x 480 16 bit color 8 bit color
12” B/W 640 x 480 8 bit gray scale 8 bit gray scale
12” RGB 512 x 384 16 bit color 8 bit color
VGA 640 x 480 16 bit color 8 bit color
SVGA 800 x 600 16 bit color 8 bit color
Figure 14-5 Block diagram of Macintosh Duo Dock functions
Video RAM
The video-frame buffer stores the information needed to write and refresh the video display. The basic 512 KB of video RAM (VRAM) are implemented by four 80 ns 256K x 4 VRAMs, mounted on the Duo Dock’s main logic board.
An optional 512KB of VRAM support the 16-bit video capability. Four additional 80 ns 256K x 4 video RAMs are mounted on a SIMM (single in-line memory module), which plugs into a SIMM connector on the Duo Dock’s main logic board, mounted at a 45-degree angle. Figure 14-6 shows the VRAM SIMM, and Table 14-3 lists the signal assignments for the VRAM SIMM connector.
Figure 14-6 VRAM SIMM
Table 14-3 VRAM SIMM connector signal assignments(continued)
Pin number Signal name Description
1, 29, 67, 52, 68 +5V +5 V power supply
2 DSF Data special function
3 SDB(0) Serial data input bit 0
4 SDB(1) Serial data input bit 1
5, 23, 39, 57 /DT/OE Data transfer/output enable
6 D(0) Bidirectional random data bit 0
7 D(1) Bidirectional random data bit 1
8 SDB(3) Serial data bit 3
9 SDB(2) Serial data bit 2
10 /WE Write enable
11 /RASA Row address strobe
12, 19, 20, 35, 45, 53, 54 GND Ground
13 D(3) Bidirectional random data bit 3
14 D(2) Bidirectional random data bit 2
15 VFRA(0) Multiplexed video row/column address bit 0
16 VFRA(1) Multiplexed video row/column address bit 1
17 VFRA(2) Multiplexed video row/column address bit 2
18 VFRA(3) Multiplexed video row/column address bit 3
21 SDB(4) Serial data bit 4
22 SDB(5) Serial data bit 5
24 D(4) Bidirectional random data bit 4
25 D(5) Bidirectional random data bit 5
26 SDB(7) Serial data bit 7
27 SDB(6) Serial data bit 6
28 /VFWE Write enable
30 D(7) Bidirectional random data bit 7
31 D(6) Bidirectional random data bit 6
32 /CAS(3) Column address strobe 3
33 RA(4) Multiplexed video row/column address bit 4
34 RA(5) Multiplexed video row/column address bit 5
36 SCB Shift clock B for SIMM
37 SDB(8) Serial data bit 8
38 SDB(9) Serial data bit 9
40 D(8) Bidirectional random data bit 8
41 D(9) Bidirectional random data bit 9
42 SDB(11) Serial data bit 11
43 SDB(10) Serial data bit 10
44 /WE Write enable
46 D(11) Bidirectional random data bit 11
47 D(10) Bidirectional random data bit 10
48 FRA(6) Multiplexed video row/column address bit 6
49 FRA(7) Multiplexed video row/column address bit 7
50 FRA(8) Multiplexed video row/column address bit 8
55 SDB(12) Serial data bit 12
56 SDB(13) Serial data bit 13
58 D(12) Bidirectional random data bit 12
59 D(13) Bidirectional random data bit 13
60 SDB(15) Serial data bit 15
61 SDB(14) Serial data bit 14
62 /WE Write enable
64 D(15) Bidirectional random data bit 15
65 D(14) Bidirectional random data bit 14
Video Output
A single VLSI device implements the video output circuitry. This is the color look-up table/digital-to-analog converter (CLUT/DAC).
Video Port
The video connection is made through a standard DB-15 connector. Figure 14-7 shows the pin designations, and Table 14-4 lists the signal assignments.
Figure 14-7 Video connector pin designations
Table 14-4 Video connector signal assignments(continued)
Pin number Signal name Description
1 RED GND Red ground
2 RED VID Red video signal
3 /CSYNC Composite sync
4 SENSE0 Monitor sense bit 0
5 GRN VID Green video signal
6 GRN GND Green ground
7 SENSE1 Monitor sense bit 1
8 nc No connection
9 BLU VID Blue video signal
10 SENSE2 Monitor sense bit 2
11 C&VSYNC GND Ground for CSYNC and VSYNC
12 /VSYNC Vertical sync
13 BLU GND Blue ground
14 HSYNC GND HSYNC ground
15 /HSYNC Horizontal sync
SCSI Support
The Macintosh Duo Dock uses an 85C89 Combo chip to implement the SCSI
channel interface.
It has an HDI-30 SCSI connector that enables hard drives, CD ROMs, and other peripheral devices to be connected to the computer. The pin designations for the
SCSI connector are shown in Figure 14-8, and the signal assignments in Table 14-5.
Figure 14-8 SCSI connector pin designations
Table 14-5 SCSI connector signal assignments(continued)
Pin number Signal name Description
1 nc Reserved for SCSI disk mode.
2 /DB0 Bit 0 of SCSI data bus
3, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 20, 22, 24 GND Ground
4 /DB1 Bit 1 of SCSI data bus
5 TPWR Termination power
6 /DB2 Bit 2 of SCSI data bus
7 /DB3 Bit 3 of SCSI data bus
9 /ACKS Handshake signal. When low acknowledges a request for data transfer
11 /DB4 Bit 4 of SCSI data bus
14 /DB5 Bit 5 of SCSI data bus
16 /DB6 Bit 6 of SCSI data bus
18 /DB7 Bit 7 of SCSI data bus
19 /DBP SCSI data bus parity bit
21 /REQ Request for a data transfer
23 /BSY When active (low) indicates that the SCSI data bus is busy
25 /ATN When active (low) indicates an attention condition
26 /C/D When active (low) indicates that data is on the SCSI bus. When high, indicates that control signals are on
the bus
27 /RST SCSI bus reset
28 /MSG Indicates the message phase
29 /SEL SCSI select
30 /I/O Controls the direction of data movement. When low, data is output. When high, data is input
Serial Communication Ports
The 85C80 Combo chip also supports two serial communication ports used for serial input and output. The inputs and outputs are buffered and converted to RS-422 logic levels, using Apple custom driver/receiver chips.
The serial connectors are eight-pin miniature DIN connectors. Figure 14-9 shows the pin designations for the connectors, and Table 14-6 lists the signal assignments. The table indicates to which pins on the SCC Combo chip the serial port signals are connected. These ports may be used to connect a printer, or an external modem.
Figure 14-9 Serial port connector pin designations
Table 14-6 Serial port connector signal assignmentsPin number Signal name Description
1 HSKo Handshake output. Connected to the Request to Send (RTS) pin on the Combo chip. Tristated when the Data Terminal Ready (DTR) signal is inactive.
2 HSKi Handshake input. Connected to the Transmit Receive Clock(TRXC) pin on the Combo chip.
3 /TXD Transmit data (inverted). Connected to the Transmit Data (TXD) pin on the Combo chip. Tristated when DTR is inactive.
4 SG Signal ground. Connected to logic and chassis ground.
5 /RXD Receive data (inverted). Connected to the Receive Data (RXD) pin on the Combo chip.
6 TXD Transmit data. Connected to the Transmit Data (TXD) pin on the Combo chip. Tristated when DTR is inactive.
7 GPi General purpose input. Connected to the Data Carrier Detect (DCD) pin on the Combo chip.
8 RXD+ Receive data. Connected to the Receive Data (RXD) pin on the Combo chip.
10, 11, 12 GND These pins are connected to chassis ground.
Apple Desktop Interface
A 4-pin miniature DIN (MD-4) connector connects ADB devices, such as the keyboard and mouse, to the Macintosh Duo Dock. The ADB signals pass from the MD-4 connector through EMI filters to the 152-pin main expansion connector. Figure 14-10 shows the pin designations for this connector, and Table 14-7 lists the signal assignments.
Figure 14-10 ADB connector pin designations
Table 14-7 ADB connector signal assignmentsPin number Signal name Description
1 ADB Bidirectional data bus for input and output
2 POWER ON Key on ADB keyboard (if connected) grounds this pin to pin 4, enabling power to be turned on from the keyboard
3 +5V +5 V power
4 GND Logic ground
5, 6, 7 GND Chassis ground
Sound Ports
Two monaural mini phone jacks provide connections for sound input and output.
Modem Adapter Card
When the PowerBook Duo computer is housed in the Macintosh Duo Dock, you cannot access the integral modem via the RJ-11 connector on the PowerBook Duo’s rear panel. A modem adapter card provides the connection. It plugs into the side of the Duo Dock’s main logic board, using a 10-pin header connector. The card supplies the RJ-11 hook up, which is accessed on the rear panel of the Duo Dock. The adapter card interfaces with the modem card in the PowerBook Duo computer via its 10-pin connector, printed circuit traces, and the 152-pin expansion connector. Figure 14-11 shows an outline of the adapter card. Table 14-8 lists the signal assignments for the connector. Modem card functions are described in detail in Part 1 of this publication.
Figure 14-11 Modem adapter card
Table 14-8 Modem adapter connector signal assignments(continued)
Pin number Signal name Description
1 LINET/R Line/talk receive
2, 3, 4 DAA GND Modem DAA ground
5 /RA DVR Modem relay A driver
6 DAA ID IN ID input
7 /RING3 DET Ring detect signal
8 /RBDVR Modem relay B driver
9 DAA CNTL Modem DAA control
10 +5 V MODEM +5 V power
Internal Floppy Drive
A 1.44 MB floppy disk drive, with auto-eject and auto-insert features, is mounted in the Macintosh Duo Dock housing. It operates on +5 V and +12 V.
A standard cell block in the VSC (video subsystem controller) implements SWIM II functions to control floppy disk drive functions.
The connector for the floppy drive is mounted on the main logic board. Table 14-9 lists the signal assignments.
Table 14-9 Floppy disk drive connector signal assignments
Pin number Signal name Description
1, 3, 5, 7 GND Ground
2 PH0 State control phase 0
4 PH1 State control phase 1
6 PH2 State control phase 2
8 PH3 State control phase 3
9 nc No connection
10 WRREQ Write request
11, 20 +5V +5 V power plane
12 HDSEL Head select
13, 15, 17, 19 +12V +12 V power
14 /ENBL Drive enable
16 RDSEN Read data/sense
18 WRDATA Write data
Optional Hard Drive
The Macintosh Duo Dock can accommodate a 1/3 high, 1” x 3.5” hard drive. Special cabling available through third-party vendors connects the hard drive to the 50-pin SCSI connector located on the main logic board. Table 14-10 lists the signal assignments for the 50-pin SCSI connector.
Power available for the upgrade is 700 mA, +5 V, no surge; 300 mA, +12 V, steady state;
up to 1.3 A, +12 V, for a surge of eight seconds.
Table 14-10 Hard drive 50-pin SCSI connector signal assignments(continued)
The Macintosh Duo Dock provides slots for two NuBus expansion cards, and can support two 15 W cards, or one 25 W card.
NuBus Controller
The NuChip 34 controls the interface with the optional NuBus cards. It is similar to the NuChip 30, but with modifications that enable it to run at 33 MHz.
NuBus cards occupy slot and super-slot segments C and D of the PowerBook Duo computer’s I/O space. (The flat panel video display occupies the address space normally occupied by NuBus slot 6. External expansion video and most I/O appear in the address space normally occupied by NuBus slot E.) Table 14-11 shows the I/O space for the NuBus cards.
Table 14-11 NuBus I/O space
Starting address Ending address Comments
FA00 0000 FDFF FFFF NuBus slot space
A000 0000 DFFF FFFF Super slot space
NuBus Interface
The Macintosh Duo Dock main logic board contains the NuBus adapter card connector (see Figure 14-12), a right-angled, 96-pin connector that accommodates the NuBus adapter card. Table 14-12 shows the signal assignments for this connector.
The NuBus adapter card contains a mating connector, which connects it to the adapter connector on the Duo Dock’s main logic board. It also contains two identical connectors into which the NuBus expansion cards are inserted. Figure 14-13 is a simplified drawing showing the configuration of the NuBus adapter card when it is installed in the NuBus adapter connector on the Duo Dock’s main logic board. Table 14-13, starting on page 166, lists the signal assignments for the two NuBus connectors. Figure 14-14 on page 164 shows the front view of the NuBus adapter card, with its three connectors.
The NuBus adapter card connects to the main logic board at right angles, allowing the two NuBus cards to be installed below, and in parallel with, the main logic board, as shown in Figure 14-13. Apple supplies the NuBus adapter card as a standard part of the Macintosh Duo Dock. Designing Cards and Drivers for the Macintosh Family, Third Edition, provides detailed information about NuBus expansion.
Figure 14-12 NuBus adapter connector on Macintosh Duo Dock logic board
Figure 14-14 Front view of NuBus adapter card showing connectors
Table 14-12 NuBus adapter card connector signal assignments(continued)
Pin number Signal name Description
A1-4 12V -12 V power supply
A5 /TM1 Transfer mode 1
A6 /AD1 Address/data 1
A7 /AD3 Address/data 3
A8 /AD5 Address/data 5
A9 /AD7 Address/data 7
A10 /AD9 Address/data 9
A11 /AD11 Address/data 11
A12 /AD13 Address/data 13
A13 /AD15 Address/data 15
A14 /AD17 Address/data 17
A15 /AD19 Address/data 19
A16 /AD21 Address/data 21
A17 /AD23 Address/data 23
A18 /AD25 Address/data 25
A19 /AD27 Address/data 27
A20 /AD29 Address/data 29
A21 /AD31 Address/data 31
A22, 23 GND Ground
A24 /ARB1 Arbitration 1
A25 /NBIRQC Interrupt request for slot C
A26, 27, 32 +12V +12 V power input
A28 /ACK Acknowledge
A29 +5V +5 V power input
A30 /RQST Request
A31 /NBIRQD Interrupt request for slot D
B1 -12V -12 V power input
B2, 3, 8-25, 30, 31 GND Ground
B4-7, 28, 29 +5V +5 V power input
B26, 27, 32 +12V +12 V power input
C1 /NUBRRST NuBus reset
C2-4, 26, 27, 29, 30 +5V +5 V power input
C5 /TM0 Transfer mode 0
C6 /AD0 Address/data 0
C7 /AD2 Address/data 2
C8 /AD4 Address/data 4
C9 /AD6 Address/data 6
C10 /AD8 Address/data 8
C11 /AD10 Address/data 10
C12 /AD12 Address/data 12
C13 /AD14 Address/data 14
C14 /AD16 Address/data 16
C15 /AD18 Address/data 18
C16 /AD20 Address/data 20
C17 /AD22 Address/data 22
C18 /AD24 Address/data 24
C19 /AD26 Address/data 26
C20 /AD28 Address/data 28
C21 /AD30 Address/data 30
C22, 31 GND Ground
C23 /PFW Power fail warning
C24 /ARB0 Arbitration 0
C25 /ARB2 Arbitration 2
C28 /START Start
C32 /NUCLK NuBus clock
Table 14-13 NuBus adapter card connector signal assignments(continued)
Pin Signal name Description
A1 -12V -12 V power input
A2 SB0 Serial bus 0
A3 /SPV System parity
A4 /SP System parity valid
A5 /TM1 Transfer mode 1
A6 /AD1 Address/data 1
A7 /AD3 Address/data 3
A8 /AD5 Address/data 5
A9 /AD7 Address/data 7
A10 /AD9 Address/data 9
A11 /AD11 Address/data 11
A12 /AD13 Address/data 13
A13 /AD15 Address/data 15
A14 /AD17 Address/data 17
A15 /AD19 Address/data 19
A16 /AD21 Address/data 21
A17 /AD23 Address/data 23
A18 /AD25 Address/data 25
A19 /AD27 Address/data 27
A20 /AD29 Address/data 29
A21 /AD31 Address/data 31
A22, 23 27 GND Ground
A24 /ARB1 Arbitration 1
A25 /ARB3 Arbitration 3
A26 /ID1 Slot identification 1. Not connected
A27 /ID3 Slot identification 3. Grounded
A28 /ACK Acknowledge
A29 +5V +5 V power input
A30 /RQST NuBus card request
A31 /NBIRQD Interrupt request for slot D
A32 +12V +12 V power input
B1 -12V -12 V power input
B2, 3, 8-27, 30, 31 GND Ground
B4-7, 28,29 +5V +5 V power input
B24 /NUCLK2X NuBus clock 2X
B25 STDBYPWR Standby power
B26 /CLK2XEN Clock 2X enable
B27 /NUCBUSY NuBus card busy
B32 +12V +12 V power input
C1 NUBRRST NuBus reset
C2 SB1 Serial bus 1
C3, 4, 29, 30 +5V +5 V power input
C5 /TM0 Transfer mode 0
C6 /AD0 Address/data 0
C7 /AD2 Address/data 2
C8 /AD4 Address/data 4
C9 /AD6 Address/data 6
C10 /AD8 Address/data 8
C11 /AD10 Address/data 10
C12 /AD12 Address/data 12
C13 /AD14 Address/data 14
C14 /AD16 Address/data 16
C15 /AD18 Address/data 18
C16 /AD20 Address/data 20
C17 /AD22 Address/data 22
C18 /AD24 Address/data 24
C19 /AD26 Address/data 26
C20 /AD28 Address/data 28
C21 /AD30 Address/data 30
C2, 26, 27, 31 GND Ground
C23 /PFW Power fail warning
C24 /ARB0 Arbitration 0
C25 /ARB2 Arbitration 2
C26 /ID0 Slot identification 0. Grounded
C27 /ID2 Slot identification 2. Grounded
C28 /START Start
C32 /NUCLK NuBus clock
Floating-Point Unit Interface
The Macintosh Duo Dock main logic board provides a PLCC socket for an optional 68882 floating-point unit. Table 14-14 lists the signal assignments for the device.
Table 14-14 FPU interface signal assignments(continued)
Pin number Signal name Description
1 D(2) Data bit 2
2 D(1) Data bit 1
3 D(0) Data bit 0
4 /SENSE Sense signal. Tied to ground
5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, GND Ground
19, 30, 41, 51, 63 GND Ground
10, 16, 17, 27, 43, 52, 53, 61 +5V +5 V power
11 CPUCLK CPU clock
13 /I/O RST Input/output reset
15 nc Not connected
18 /SIZE Indicates number of bytes transferred. Tied high.
20 /DS Data strobe
21 /AS Address strobe
22 A(4) Address bit 4
23 A(3) Address bit 3
24 A(2) Address bit 2
25 A(1) Address bit 1
26 A(0) Tied high
28 RD Read signal
29 /FPUCS Floating-point unit chip select
31 /DSACK (0) Data size acknowledge 0
32 /DSACK(1) Data size acknowledge 1
33 D(31) Data bit 31
34 D(30) Data bit 30
35 D(29) Data bit 29
36 D(28) Data bit 28
37 D(27) Data bit 27
38 D(26) Data bit 26
39 D(25) Data bit 25
40 D(24) Data bit 24
42 D(23) Data bit 23
44 D(22) Data bit 22
45 D(21) Data bit 21
46 D(20) Data bit 20
47 D(19) Data bit 19
48 D(18) Data bit 18
49 D(17) Data bit 17
50 D(16) Data bit 16
54 D(15) Data bit 15
55 D(14) Data bit 14
56 D(13) Data bit 13
57 D(12) Data bit 12
58 D(11) Data bit 11
59 D(10) Data bit 10
60 D(9) Data bit 9
62 D(8) Data bit 8
64 D(7) Data bit 7
65 D(6) Data bit 6
66 D(5) Data bit 5
67 D(4) Data bit 4
68 D(3) Data bit 3
Power Supply
The Macintosh Duo Dock power supply provides the following DC voltages internally:
+5 V, -12 V, +12 V, and +19 V. The power supply provides 75 watts of continuous power, and 85 watts of surge power. A microcontroller provides the logic for power on and power-down sequencing for the locked, sleep, and shut-down states of the computer. The power supply unit, positioned at the back of the Macintosh Duo Dock housing, has its own fan that draws air from inside the Macintosh Duo Dock, and forces it out through the rear vents.
The on/off power switch on the Macintosh Duo Dock rear panel resets the Power Manager on the PowerBook Duo main logic board. If the computer is off, releasing the switch turns it on. If it is on, releasing the switch turns off the computer. The Power Manager handles the sequencing to turn off the computer and Macintosh Duo Dock power supplies in the correct order. Table 14-15 summarizes DC output currents and power requirements. Table 14-16 shows DC voltage cross-regulation limits.
Table 14-15 DC output currents and power
Load condition +5 V +5 V +12 V -12 V +19 V Total
Minimum load 0.0 A 0.5 A 0.0 A 0m A 0.0 A 2.5 W
Maximum load 70 mA 8.36 A 0.84 A 0.30 A 1.0 A 75.4 W
Peak load 70 mA 8.36 A 1.84 A 0.30 A 1.4 A 90 W
Table 14-16 DC output voltage cross-regulation limits
Supply Minimum Maximum Unit
+5 V +4.85 +5.25 VDC
+12 V +11.4 +12.8 VDC
-12 V -10.8 -13.2 VDC
+19 V +18.0 +20.0 VDC
A three-pin connector on the rear panel accommodates the Macintosh Duo Dock’s AC power cord. A second receptacle supplies pass-through AC power for the monitor, so it can be powered up without being connected directly to the wall supply. Table 14-17 shows the pin assignments for the power supply connector.
Table 14-17 Power supply connector signal assignments
Pin number Signal name Description
1, 2, 3 +5V +5 V power supply
4 /PFW Power fail warning
5 +5V trickle +5 V trickle power supply
6 -12V -12 V power supply
7 +19V +19 V power supply
8 +12V +12 V power supply
9, 10, 11, 12 GND Ground
Network Support
Connector space is allocated on the rear panel of the Macintosh Duo Dock to accommodate a future network hook-up.
Software Issues for the
Duo Dock
This chapter discusses the software issues raised when docking the PowerBook Duo in the Macintosh Duo Dock. This chapter covers the following topics:
n docking and undocking the PowerBook Duo: conditions and constraints
n preference and information identities
n multiple environments
n moving from a single- to a multiple-port environment
n system software modifications
n declaration ROM functions
n modifications to system ROM functions
Docking and Undocking the PowerBook Duo
The process of attaching the PowerBook Duo to a Macintosh Duo Dock is referred to as docking. Removing the computer from a Macintosh Duo Dock is called undocking.
This section describes procedures and conditions for docking and undocking, and
the constraints placed on external devices, such as keyboards, floppy disk and hard
disk drives.
Docking Conditions
The PowerBook Duo exists in one of three possible states: off, operational, and asleep. Docking and undocking is perfectly safe when the computer is turned off. If the computer is operational when docked, it will shut down and restart. Behavior varies
if the computer is docked when it is in the sleep state. The following section describes the conditions that occur while docking and undocking the PowerBook Duo. Table 15-1 summarizes those conditions.
Table 15-1 Conditions for docking and undocking the PowerBook Duo computer(continued)
Docking and undocking activity Duo Dock condition PowerBook Duo on PowerBook Duo asleep PowerBook Duo off
Insertion Duo Dock off or on, unlocked. CPU crash. Power turns off. Possible data loss. CPU attempts to wake up. Goes back to sleep. PowerBook Duo is ejected. Use external keyboard to start up.
Insertion Duo Dock off or on, locked. Not possible. Not possible.* Not possible.*
Running Duo Dock on, locked or unlocked. This is normal. Not possible. Not possible.
Electrical eject Duo Dock off, unlocked. Not possible. OK if just inserted during sleep. OK. Press button to eject manually.
Electrical eject Duo Dock on, unlocked. Software shutdown Not possible.† Not possible.
Electrical eject Duo Dock off, locked. Not possible.‡ and it’s locked. Not possible† and it’s locked. It’s locked.
Electrical eject Duo Dock on, locked. It’s locked. Not possible,† and it’s locked. Not possible,§ and it’s locked.
Key hole eject Duo Dock off, unlocked. Not possible.‡ OK if just inserted in sleep. OK.
Key hole eject Duo Dock on, unlocked. CPU crash. HW lines glitch. No HW damage. Power turns off. Not possible.† Not possible.§
Key hole eject Duo Dock off, locked. Not possible,‡ and it’s locked. Not possible, and it’s locked†. It’s locked.
Key hole eject Duo Dock on, locked. It’s locked. Not possible,§ and it’s locked. Not possible,§ and it’s locked.
Docking Constraints
There are several key docking constraints, for which new alert boxes have been developed.
n You must close the clamshell cover of the PowerBook before docking it in the Macintosh Duo Dock. When it is closed, the PowerBook Duo goes to sleep. It is unlikely that the PowerBook Duo will be active when docked. However, if it is, the Power Manager generates an immediate shutdown. This causes the software to restart, and data may be lost, but the hardware does not latch up.
n If you try to connect the PowerBook Duo to the Floppy Adapter or MiniDock while
it is asleep, you will see the alert box shown in Figure 15-1. You must remove the expansion device from the PowerBook Duo, before it will wake up. You must then shut down the computer, connect the selected expansion device, and then restart
the computer.
Figure 15-1 Sleep alert box
n Once the PowerBook Duo is docked, you must restart the computer to enable all the facilities of the computer and monitor. The computer is restarted using the power key on the external keyboard. If the machine is asleep rather than off at this stage, the PowerBook Duo is automatically ejected from the Duo Dock. The screen displays an alert message, explaining why the PowerBook Duo was ejected (see Figure 15-2). You can then open the PowerBook Duo clamshell, and deal with whatever files or applications require attention, before shutting the case and placing the computer in the Duo Dock again.
Figure 15-2 Sleep warning alert box
n You may not disconnect the PowerBook Duo from the Duo Dock while it is physically locked in place. If you attempt to do this, the dialog shown in Figure 15-3 will appear on the screen.
Figure 15-3 Computer locked alert box
n Before ejecting the PowerBook Duo, the system must be shut down. If you attempt to eject the computer while the system is running, a shutdown trap is generated, giving any applications that are running the opportunity to clean up, and allowing you to save data. To prevent the PowerBook Duo from being removed prematurely from the Duo Dock, you may lock the station. If you try to eject the PowerBook Duo while the Duo Dock is locked, the alert box shown in Figure 15-3 is displayed on the external monitor.
Preferences and Information Identities
When you move the PowerBook Duo computer from one Duo Dock to another, your Preferences Identity, (passwords, preferences, desktop patterns), and Information Identity (files and applications) go with the computer. To preserve these identities, the PowerBook Duo’s internal hard drive is, by default, the one from which the computer boots, both as a stand-alone computer and when docked.
By changing settings in the Start-up Control Panel, you may set up the Duo Dock’s hard drive to be the start-up hard disk. Of course, when you dock at a different station, the computer may start from the external hard disk at that station if it has the same SCSI ID as your own external hard disk. Booting from the Duo Dock’s hard disk causes you to lose Preference Identity. However, as a trade off, you can take advantage of different facilities available at the new station. Your Information Identity remains intact.
Multiple Environments
The PowerBook Duo is the first Macintosh designed for use both as a notebook and a desktop computer. The system software accommodates the multiple environments by providing mechanisms to determine the characteristics of the environment, and modifies internal settings to accommodate movement. Areas most affected are monitors, memory, file-server connections, and local area networks.
Monitors
When the PowerBook Duo is inserted in the Duo Dock, you must use an external monitor. (The PowerBook Duo is closed when inserted, and the flat-panel display is not accessible.) When the PowerBook Duo is used as a stand-alone computer again, the internal monitor becomes the main screen. Once you have set up the Duo Dock environment, that environment takes effect without intervention whenever the PowerBook Duo is docked.
File-Server Connections
The PowerBook Duo institutes auto-remounting, a process in which a server is remounted when the PowerBook Duo is put to sleep or shut down, and reawakens or is rebooted attached to a network. If any files are open on a server when the PowerBook Duo tries to go to sleep, you are warned that data may be lost, and are prompted to close or save the files before allowing the computer to go to sleep. Once the files are closed, file-server connections can safely be closed, the connection information stored, and connections reestablished when the computer wakes up. You have the option to be prompted for a password before remounting, or for remounting to occur automatically. You set the option through the Remounter Control Panel.
AppleTalk
When the PowerBook Duo is operating as a stand-alone computer, LocalTalk uses
port A. When the PowerBook Duo is docked to the Duo Dock, there may be an alternate LAP card installed (Ethernet or Token Ring), in addition to the serial ports. You may select this alternate LAP in the Network cdev. When the PowerBook Duo is undocked and redocked, the system remembers which LAP was used, and automatically uses it.
Single to Multiple Ports
When the PowerBook Duo is used as a stand-alone computer, it has only one serial port (A). You may use this port for LocalTalk (printer hook up) or high-speed modem. When the computer is docked to the Duo Dock, this port is naturally not accessible.
The Duo Dock provides you with two serial ports (A and B). Arbitration is needed to change from a single- to a dual-port configuration. There are two scenarios.
n The printer is connected to Port B using the LocalTalk, and Port A is used for a high-speed modem. The software makes the changes needed, and you do not have to go into the Chooser to specify that the printer in Port B. This is the only scenario if you wish to connect both a printer and a modem.
n The printer is connected to Port A. The modem cannot be plugged into Port B, since the PowerBook Duo cannot define the functionality of the port based upon what is plugged into it.
Auto-Remounting Support
When you choose the sleep option, the PowerBook Duo determines which servers are connected, checks open files and closes them, and saves the Volume Control Block information.
When the computer comes out of the sleep state, an item in the sleep queue initiates the mounting of servers originally connected. You can choose through a control panel whether remounting occurs, and whether a password is required.
Overview of Declaration ROM Functions
Certain firmware must be included on the main logic board of the Duo Dock. This firmware is stored in a ROM called the declaration ROM, and it enables the computer to distinguish between different types of expansion devices. The code required to support special services therefore resides in the Duo Dock, relieving the system ROM of the need to recognize each and every configuration
To provide the flexibility needed to support many expansion configurations, the PowerBook Duo design uses the Slot Manager model, used by NuBus cards, as the software interface. The structure of the PowerBook Duo’s declaration ROM is based on the structure of the declaration ROM designed for NuBus cards. Chapter 8 of Designing Cards and Drivers for the Macintosh, Third Edition, is crucial for an understanding of generic declaration ROM issues and ideas. Specific PowerBook Duo issues are discussed in the Appendix, “Declaration ROM Specifications.”
Note
The declaration ROM is sometimes referred to as the configuration ROM in other Apple publications. <8bat\>u
Overview of Modified System ROM Functions
This section talks about certain system ROM functions that relate specifically to the presence or absence of the Duo Dock. The system ROM checks the state of the dock at two points: when it is starting up in the normal boot process, and when it is coming out of sleep. These two processes are similar, and involve installing a handler for a particular station. The process becomes more complex if, during the sleep state, the PowerBook Duo is removed from one Duo Dock and placed in another.
Start-Up Process
Under normal conditions, when you start up the PowerBook Duo, the system ROM goes through the docking management process soon after the Slot Manager is initialized. The system ROM looks for a slot resource (sResource) on the Duo Dock’s logic board. When sResource is verified, the system ROM copies the contents of the declaration ROM’s sResource into the system heap, and replaces the Docking Dispatch trap handler with the address of the new handler. The docking handling code is physically located in a code block in the declaration ROM, and once the system ROM has installed this code block in the heap, dock handling calls can be made as required. In fact, the system ROM makes the init-selector call to allow the Duo Dock logic board to initialize itself.
Wake-Up Process
When the computer is coming out of the sleep state, the system ROM is concerned with conditions that might have changed during sleep. The system ROM tracks the presence of a Duo Dock through the board ID (an entry in the board’s sResource, stored in the Duo Dock’s declaration ROM). By checking this entry, the system ROM can determine if conditions have remained the same, if the PowerBook Duo has been removed from the station, or moved to a new station.
If conditions are the same, the system ROM takes no action. If the PowerBook Duo has been removed or installed in a different station, the system ROM instructs the old docking handler, which still resides in the system heap, to clean up after itself. When this process is complete, the old handler is purged, and a new handler replaces its entry in the trap table. If a station has simply been removed, a default “no station” handler replaces the old entry.
From this point, the wake-up process follows the same path as the start-up process. Functionality may be limited when the computer is coming out of the sleep state. For example, video and network services are not available from the new dock, and the computer must be restarted for those functions to become active.
Declaration ROM Specifications
This appendix describes the firmware that must be included on the logic boards of PowerBook Duo expansion devices, such as the Macintosh Duo MiniDock, and
the Macintosh Duo Dock. This firmware is normally in a ROM area called the
declaration ROM.
Overview
Currently, Apple provides three expansion devices (frequently referred to in this text as devices) for the PowerBook Duo computer. They are
n the Duo Dock, described in Part 3 of this developer note.
n the MiniDock, described in Part 2 of this developer note.
n the Floppy Adapter, described in Part 2 of this developer note.
The PowerBook Duo computer is described in Part 1 of this developer note.
The declaration ROM, located on the expansion device logic board, provides the capability to distinguish between these different types of expansion devices. It can also provide new device drivers or routines to be used by the system ROM. In this manner, the system ROM does not need to be aware of each and every type of configuration: if a special service is provided by a device, the code to perform that special service resides in the device.
In the case of a device that does not influence the functionality of the system, a declaration ROM is not required. An example of this is a device with infrared ADB: since the ADB is simply passed through to the rest of the system, no special information is required by the system. In this case, the declaration ROM is unnecessary. Another example is the Floppy Adapter, since the floppy drive is detected by the system ROM through the presence of the sense signal.
To provide flexibility in supporting many device configurations, Apple uses the Slot Manager model used by NuBus cards as the software interface. The structure of the declaration ROM for the PowerBook expansion devices is based upon the structure of the declaration (or configuration) ROM for NuBus cards. Chapter 8 of Designing Cards and Drivers for the Macintosh Family, Third Edition, is crucial for understanding generic declaration ROM issues and ideas. PowerBook specific issues are covered in this developer note.
Firmware Structure
This section provides information on the PowerBook Duo’s firmware structure.
Firmware Overview
The firmware structure is based upon the structure of a generic NuBus card’s declaration firmware. To maintain compatibility with the Slot Manager model of dealing with NuBus cards, the declaration ROM on devices contains the following structures: a format block, a sResource directory, and a board sResource. In addition, at least one functional sResource should be included to identify the card and its function. These elements, as they relate to the PowerBook, are described in the following sections.
The Format Block
As defined in Designing Cards and Drivers for the Macintosh Family, Third Edition,
the format block consists of eight separate fields, consisting of ByteLanes,
Reserved, Test Pattern, Format, RevisionLevel, CRC, Length, and DirectoryOffset. For the declaration ROM, there are no changes to the definition
of these fields.
The first byte of the format block must reside at one of the four bytes at the end (or top) of the declaration ROM space, which for the PowerBook declaration ROM is between $FEFF FFFC and $FEFF FFFF, inclusive. The actual starting address depends on the value of the ByteLanes field, which indicates to the Slot Manager which byte lanes are to be used when communicating with the declaration ROM. See Designing Cards and Drivers for the Macintosh Family, Third Edition, for a list of possible ByteLane values.
The Board sResource
A board sResource (Figure A-1) is required for the firmware of every card to provide essential information to the Slot Manager about the board. The entries in a board sResource provide the computer with a card’s identification number, vendor information, board flags, and initialization code. Other entries are also available depending upon the function of the card and the desire of the manufacturer.
For all board sResources, the value of Category is $0001, and the values of cType, DrSW, and DrHW are $0000.
Figure A-1 Board sResource
The PrimaryInit entry contains an offset to a PrimaryInit record. If the PrimaryInit record is not present, the computer assumes that the card initializes
itself or does not require initialization. For the PowerBook declaration ROM, PrimaryInit contains interrupt handlers and video initialization code.
The sResource Directory
The sResource directory is defined in Designing Cards and Drivers for the Macintosh Family, Third Edition. The sResource directory lists all the sResources in the card firmware and provides an offset to the beginning of each sResource. The sResource Directory is required for the Configuration ROM so the Slot Manager can recognize each sResource.
SecondaryInit is executed by the Slot Manager after all system patches have been installed. For the declaration ROM, SecondaryInit is not required.
Figure A-2 sResource directory
The Docking Functional sResource
Communicating with and about the features of a PowerBook expansion device is conducted through a new A–trap call named _DockingDispatch ($AA57). Expansion devices replace the default docking handlers with their own handler. This handler is located within a special sResource on the device, known as the Docking Functional sResource.
The sRsrcType entries for this sResource, required by the Slot Manager, are defined by Macintosh DTS as shown below.
Item Duo Dock MiniDock Floppy Adapter
Category CatDock (32) CatDock (32) CatDock(32)
cType TypStation (1) TypDesk (2) TypTravel (3)
The DrvrSW and DrvrHW fields need to be assigned by Macintosh DTS on an individual basis, as shown below.Item Duo Dock MiniDock
DrvrSw DrSWApple (1) DrSWApple (1)
DrvrHw DrHwDocking station (1) DrHwDeskBar (1)
When the Docking Manager recognizes the declaration ROM on the device, it replaces its old docking handler with the handler for the currently installed device. The Docking Manager is responsible for ensuring that the correct handler is maintained if devices are changed or removed during sleep. In the case of the PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter or in the case of no device, that is, for situations where a declaration ROM is not present, the docking handler is located in system ROM. Otherwise, the handler is located within the docking functional sResource.
Calls to the docking handler take one of two forms: status calls, to determine information about a device; and control calls, to execute certain functions pertaining to a device. Here is the C interface to the docking handler for either type of call:
long DockingDispatch (OSType selector, long params)
This is the assembly language interface:
subq.w #4,sp ; make room for result
pea selector ; docking selector
pea params ; control call parameters
_DockingDispatch ; $AA57
tst.l (sp)+ ; function result
Status calls require only one input parameter, the selector code (defined below). The result of a status call is returned as the result of the function.
Control calls also require the selector code. In addition, some control calls require an additional parameter which is passed in the params field. The result of a control call, if any, is returned as the result of the function.
A docking handler is not required to handle all status or control calls. If a handler receives a selector it doesn’t know about or care to deal with, it should simply return zero for the result, indicating that a particular function is not supported. Note that this places a restriction upon routines that ordinarily treat zero as a “no error” result: it is important for the docking handler and the calling routine to coordinate the meaning of the result parameters, so that an unsupported function is not mistakenly interpreted to be a successful result.
Table A-1 lists currently defined selectors.
Table A-1 Defined selectors(continued)
Selector Name Selector ID Type Description
dockHardwareAttr hdwr Status Hardware attributes
dockDockingAttr dock Status Docking attributes
dockLockAttr lock Status Device locking attributes
dockPowerStatus powr Status Power plane information
dockSCCReadAddr sccr Status SCC read base address (if any)
dockSCCWriteAddr sccw Status SCC write base address (if any)
dockSCCPorts scc# Status Which SCC ports are available
dockSCSIAddr scsi Status SCSI registers base address
(if any)
dockSCSIType sctp Status SCSI chip type
dockSCSIDMAAddr sdma Status SCSI DMA base address (if any)
dockSCSIHskAddr shsk Status SCSI handshake base address
(if any)
dockSCSIDiskMode sdm Status SCSI Disk Mode information
dockNuBusConnects sltc Status Which external NuBus connector are on this device
dockEjectStatus ejsw Status Eject attributes
dockSoundAttr snd Status Sound attributes
dockFloppyDriveIcn dicn Status Floppy disk drive icon structure
dockInit init Control Power-up board initialization
dockRemoved gone Control Does cleanup if board was removed across sleep
dockEjectCPU ejct Control Set up for poweroff CPU eject
dockPowerControl pctl Control Turns power planes on/off
dockSleepSave slep Control Saves device’s hardware state before going to sleep
dockSCSIDiskIRQ sdmi Control Supplies SCSI Disk Mode interrupt handler address
dockCPUSpeed mhz Control Supplies CPU speed in MHz
dockDiagTests diag Control Diagnostic tests
dockDockingSlot slot Status Slot number of docking slot
Hardware Attributes
The dockHardwareAttr status call returns information about the hardware physically located on a device. Two generic types of information need to be returned: is a certain type of expansion device present, and is it available if it has been installed across sleep.
For all status call results, information is returned as the result of the DockingDispatch function. The format is as a bitmask, where a 1 indicates the presence of a feature and a 0 indicates its absence. (See Figure A-3.)
Figure A-3 Function result dockHardwareAttr
For the dockHardwareAttr status call, the bit fields in the result are defined in
Table A-2. Bit fields not defined by Apple are available for third parties to use as
they desire .
Table A-2 dockHardwareAttr bit fields.
Name Bit Description
dockHasADB 0 Has an ADB connector
dockHasSoundIn 1 Has a sound input connector
dockHasSoundOut 2 Has a sound output connector
dockHasFPU 3 FPU exists
dockHasSWIM 4 SWIM (floppy disk controller) exists
dockHasSCC 5 SCC (serial ports) exists
dockHasSCSI 6 SCSI exists
dockHasVideo 7 Video exists
dockHasNetStuff 8 Has network services (for example Ethernet) dockHasModem has modem
dockWakeADB 16 ADB available on wakeup
dockWakeSoundIn 17 Sound input available on wakeup
dockWakeSoundOut 18 Sound output available on wakeup
dockWakeFPU 19 FPU available on wakeup
dockWakeSWIM 20 SWIM available on wakeup
dockWakeSCC 21 SCC available on wakeup
dockWakeSCSI 22 SCSI available on wakeup
dockWakeNetStuff 24 Network services available on wakeup
dockWakeModem 25 Modem available on wakeup
dockWakeOther 26 Other devices available on wakeup
Docking Attributes
The dockDockingAttr status call returns information about the docking functionality of a device. Depending upon the design of a device, certain docking features, such as going to sleep or power cycling, may not be allowed. This call is designed to allow the system to query the device to determine that information.
For all status call results, information is returned as the result of the DockingDispatch function. The format is as a bitmask, where a 1 indicates the presence of a feature and a 0 indicates its absence. (See Figure A-4.)
Figure A-4 Function result dockDockingAttr
For the dockDockingAttr status call, the bit fields in the result are defined in
Table A-3. Bit fields not defined by Apple are available for third parties to use as
they desire.
Table A-3 dockDockingAttr bit fields.
Name Bit Description
dockNoSleep 0 Going to sleep is not allowed
dockNoWakeup 1 Cannot wakeup if this device was attached across sleep
dockNoPowerCycle 2 Power cycling is not allowed
dockNoLCDScreen 3 Don’t use built-in LCD screen (that is, in a docking station)
dockEnclosingBar 4 Portable is physically enclosed by the device (i.e. in a docking station)
Reserved 5 - 7 Reserved for use by Apple
Locking Attributes
The dockLockingAttr status call returns information about the locking functionality of a device. Depending upon the design of a device, mechanisms to lock the device to the CPU may be implemented. This call is designed to allow the system to query the device to determine that information. For all status call results, information is returned as the result of the DockingDispatch function. The format is as a bitmask, where a 1 indicates the presence of a feature and a 0 indicates its absence. (See Figure A-5.)
Figure A-5 Function result dockLockingAttr
For the dockLockingAttr status call, the bit fields in the result are defined in
Table A-4. Bit fields not defined by Apple are available for third parties to use as
they desire.
Table A-4 Function result dockLockingAttr bit fields
Name Bit Description
dockLockExists 0 This device contains a device to lock
dockLockEnabled 1 CPU is currently locked to the device
Reserved 2 - 7 Reserved for use by Apple
Power Status
The dockPowerStatus call returns information about the state of power on a device. Depending upon the design of a device, not all devices may be turned on. This call is designed to allow the system to query the device to determine that information.
For all status call results, information is returned as the result of the DockingDispatch function. The format is as a bitmask, where a 1 indicates the presence of a feature and a 0 indicates its absence. (See Figure A-6.)
Figure A-6 Function result dockPowerStatus
For the dockPowerStatus call, the bit fields in the result are defined in Table A-5.
Table A-5 dockPowerStatus bit fields
Name Bit Description
dockSWIMPower 0 SWIM chip is turned on
dockSCCPower 1 SCC is turned on
dockSCSIPower 2 SCSI is turned on
Reserved 3 Reserved for use by Apple
dockSerDriverPower 4 Serial driver chip is turned on
Reserved 5 - 7 Reserved for use by Apple
SCC Ports
The dockSCCPorts status call returns information about the Serial Communications Controller (SCC) ports on a device. Depending upon the design of a device, not all ports may be available. This call is designed to allow the system to query the device to determine that information.
For all status call results, information is returned as the result of the DockingDispatch function. The format is as a bitmask, where a 1 indicates the presence of a feature and a 0 indicates its absence. (See Figure A-7.)
Figure A-7 Function result dockSCC Ports
For the dockSCC Ports status call, the bit fields in the result are defined in Table A-6. Bit fields not defined by Apple are available for third parties to use as they desire.
Table A-6 dockSCC Ports bit fields
Name Bit Description
dockSCCModemPort 0 Modem port is available
dockSCCPrinterPort 1 Printer port is available
Reserved 2 - 7 Reserved for use by Apple
SCSI Disk Mode
The dockSCSIDiskMode status call returns information about the presence of the SCSI disk mode cable. If a special cable is connected, the system can be placed in a special mode of operation that allows the notebook to be treated as a hard disk on another system. This call is designed to allow the system to query the device to determine that information.
For all status call results, information is returned as the result of the DockingDispatch function. The format is as a bitmask, where a 1 indicates the presence of a feature and a 0 indicates its absence. (See Figure A-8.)
Figure A-8 Function result dockSCSIDiskMode
For the dockSCSIDiskMode status call, the bit fields in the result are defined in
Table A-7. Bit fields not defined by Apple are available for third parties to use as
they desire.
Table A-7 dockSCSIDiskMode bit fields
Name Bit Description
dockSDMExists 0 SCSI Disk Mode is supported
dockSDMCable 1 Special cable is attached
SCSI Chip Type
The dockSCSIType status call returns information about the type of SCSI chip installed, if any. This allows code routines to tailor their operations for a particular SCSI chip.
For all status call results, information is returned as the result of the DockingDispatch function. The format is as a bitmask, where a 1 indicates the presence of a feature and a 0 indicates its absence. (See Figure A-9.)
Figure A-9 Function result dockSCSIType
For the dockSCSIType status call, the bit fields in the result are defined in . Bit fields not defined by Apple are available for third parties to use as they desire.
Table A-8 dockSCSIType bit fields
Name Bit Description
dock53C80 0 SCSI Chip 53C80
dock53C96 1 SCSI Chip 53C96
Reserved 2-7 Reserved for use by Apple
NuBus Connectors
The dockNuBusConnects status call returns information about the external NuBus connectors on a device. Depending upon the design of a device, some NuBus slots may be available. This call is designed to allow the system to query the device to determine that information.
For all status call results, information is returned as the result of the DockingDispatch function. The format is as a bitmask, where a 1 indicates the presence of a feature and a 0 indicates its absence. (See Figure A-10.)
Figure A-10 Function result dockNuBusConnects
For the dockNuBusConnects status call, the bit fields in the result are defined in
Table A-9. Bit fields not defined by Apple are available for third parties to use as
they desire.
Table A-9 dockNuBusConnects bit fields
Name Bit Description
dockSlot9 9 Slot 9 is installed
dockSlotA 10 Slot A is installed
dockSlotB 11 Slot B is installed
dockSlotC 12 Slot C is installed
dockSlotD 13 Slot D is installed
dockSlotE 14 Slot E is installed
Eject Attributes
The dockEjectStatus routine returns information about the eject mechanisms on
a device.
For all status call results, information is returned as the result of the DockingDispatch function. The format is as a bitmask, where a 1 indicates the presence of a feature and a 0 indicates its absence. (See Figure A-11.)
Figure A-11 Function result dockEjectStatus
For the dockEjectStatus status call, the bit fields in the result are defined in
. Bit fields not defined by Apple are available for third parties to use as
they desire.
Table A-10 dockEjectStatus bit fields
Name Bit Description
dockEjectExists 0 Device contains a CPU eject mechanism
dockEjectEnabled 1 User has pressed eject button
Reserved 2 - 7 Reserved for use by Apple
Sound Attributes
The dockSoundAttr routine returns the sound attribute information for a device.
For all status call results, information is returned as the result of the DockingDispatch function. The format is as a bitmask, where a 1 indicates the presence of a feature and a 0 indicates its absence. (See Figure A-12.)
Figure A-12 Function result dockSoundAttr
For the dockSoundAttr status call, the bit fields in the result are defined in Table A-11. Bit fields not defined by Apple are available for third parties to use as they desire,
dockStereoMixing 2 Hardware mixes channels on external speaker
dockHeadphoneAttch 3 A headphone is plugged into the jack
dockHasSoundInput 4 Hardware supports sound input
dockSIDAttached 5 Sound input device is attached
Reserved 6 - 7 Reserved for use by Apple
Floppy Drive Icon
The dockFloppyDriveIcn status call is available so that a special icon can be returned to the system. The input parameter is the drive number, and the result is a pointer to the drive icon structure.
ROM Version
The dockROMVersion status call can be used to return the ROM version number. No inputs are required, and the result will be of the form:
Release stage is defined as $80 for the released version of the ROM.
Base Address Calls
The remaining status calls (dockSCCReadAddr, dockSCCWriteAddr, dockSCSIAddr, dockSCSIDMAddr, and dockSCSIHskAddr) return the base addresses as the result of the DockingDispatch function. If the device is not
supported, a zero is returned instead.
Docking Initialization
The dockInit control call does the power-up board initialization, if any is required. A parameter is available for the docking handler to differentiate between initializing at sleep wakeup time and system initialization.
One might wish to support this particular selector if, for example, one had a hardware chip that needed to be initialized or reset in a particular manner before being used, and if that support wasn’t built into the primary or secondary init.
For all control calls, parameters are passed in the params field of the DockingDispatch call. The format is as a bitmask, where a 1 indicates the presence of a feature and a 0 indicates its absence. (See Figure A-13.)
Figure A-13 Params field dockInit
For the dockInit control call, the bit fields in the parameter are defined in . The result of the dockInit call should be zero.
Table A-12 dockInit fields
Name Bit Description
dockWakeupInit 0 Initializing at sleep wakeup time
Docking Cleanup
The dockRemoved control call provides the opportunity for the docking handler to cleanup the system if a device was removed during sleep. Since hardware features have disappeared, it’s important that the system reconcile its state gracefully.
No parameter fields are defined, and the result code should be zero.
Save Sleep State
The dockSleepSave control call is available to save the state of the device’s hardware before the system is placed into sleep. This might include the register settings of various chips on the device. The docking handler will allocate a pointer to a block containing the state of the hardware. This pointer will be returned as the result of the control call.
Restore Sleep State
The dockWakeupRestore control call is used in conjunction with the dockSleepSave control call to restore the saved hardware state to the device after the system has come out of sleep. Registers should be restored to their saved values during this call. Through the params field of the DockingDispatch call, the docking handler will receive a pointer (originally allocated by the dockSleepSave call) to the desired hardware state. When the handler has completed its duties, it should dispose of the pointer. A successful result of zero should be returned as the result of this call.
Docking Eject
The dockEject control call executes code to enable power-off eject, if such a mechanism is supported by the device.
No parameter fields are defined, and the result code should be zero.
Power Control
The dockPowerControl call turns the power planes on a device on or off. This feature allows devices to be powered down when not in use.
For all control calls, parameters are passed in the params field of the DockingDispatch call. The format of this parameter is tied to the one used with the Power Status selector: this means that bit 7 determines whether or not power is being turned on or off; the remaining bits specify the devices that are subject to being turned on or off. If a zero is placed in the bit field of a device, then that device will ignore this power control call, and its power condition will retain its previous state. (See Figure A-14.)
Figure A-14 Params field dockPowerControl
For the dockPowerControl call, the bit fields in the parameter are defined in Table A-13. The result of the dockPowerControl call should be zero.
Table A-13 dockPowerControl bit fields
Name Bit Description
dockSWIMPower 0 Set power state of SWIM chip
dockSCCPower 1 Set power state of SCC chip
dockSCSIPower 2 Set power state of SCSI chip
dockSerDriverPower 4 Set power state of serial driver chip
dockPowerOn 7 1=turn on power, 0=turn off power
SCSI Disk Mode Interrupt Handler
The dockSDMIntHandle control call provides a method for the SCSI Disk Mode code to provide a SCSI interrupt handler to the docking manager. Typically, the parameter passed to this call is the address of a SCSI interrupt handler. If the installation of the handler is successful, a zero should be returned as the docking result.
CPU Speed
The dockCPUSpeed control call provides a method to inform the docking handler the speed at which the CPU is operating. The parameter passed to the handler should be the CPU speed in MHz. This provides the opportunity for the docking handler to perform any hardware optimizations for a given operating frequency. The result of this call should be zero
Diagnostic Tests
The dockDiagTests control call runs diagnostic routines to test for proper operation of the functions on a device. To prevent the diagnostic tests from lying idle in system memory when not required, the actual test code will be located in part of the board sResource on the declaration ROM. This data structure will be in the form of an SBlock and will be referred to as sDiagRec. The ID number of sDiagRec, which will be used by the Slot Manager to reference the data structure, is 85.
When the dockDiagTests control call is made, a call will be made by the docking handler to the Slot Manager to bring the diagnostic routines into system memory. Control will then be passed to the diagnostic routines, which will be responsible for conducting the appropriate tests and returning to the docking handler.
The parameter for this call will be a pointer to a diagnostic control block, containing, among other things, the list of tests to run, the number of passes, and the address of the result block. The result block provides diagnostic information about the tests which were run. The result of the DockingDispatch function call will indicate zero for an unsupported or invalid test, $8000 0000 for a successful result, or an error code defined by the test being called.
Docking Slot
The dockDockingSlot status call is a special selector, and its support is provided by the system ROM. When this call is made, the system ROM returns the slot number of the docking slot. The declaration ROM may need to make this call if it needs to load in separate sResources that are not resident in the docking handler itself (for example, diagnostics).
Other Functional sResources
Other sResources that might be included in the PowerBook Duo declaration ROM are device drivers for video, ethernet, or non-standard serial communication. These sResources are installed and utilized exactly as if they were contained in a NuBus declaration ROM.
The System ROM Process
The system ROM needs to be concerned about checking the state of the expansion devices at two times: when it is starting up in the normal boot process, and when it
is coming out of sleep. These two situations are similar, since normally they involve installing a handler for a particular device. The situation becomes more complex if during sleep one device was taken out and another put in its place. In that case, the system ROM needs to determine that things have changed and take care of things accordingly.
The Start-Up Process
The system ROM performs its docking management when the computer is started up, soon after the Slot Manager is initialized. The first thing the system ROM does is look for a special sResource on a card. This special sResource can be identified by the presence of a CatDock category entry in the sRsrc_Type fields. When the sResource is verified, the system ROM copies the contents of the declaration ROM sResource into the system heap. At this point, the system ROM replaces the DockingDispatch trap handler with the address of the new handler.
The docking handling code is physically located in a code block (that is, an SBlock data structure), marked off by a sRsrcDock sResource ID (80), in the declaration ROM. Once the system ROM has installed this code block into the heap, dock handling calls can be made as desired. In fact, the system ROM makes the “init” selector call to allow the card the opportunity to initialize itself.
The system ROM takes care of hardware details, such as reconfiguring the base addresses (SCSI, SCC). It checks to see if the SCSI Disk Mode cable is installed, and
if so, jumps off to the code to handle that situation. If not, then the normal start-up process is resumed.
The Wake-Up Process
When coming out of sleep, the system ROM needs to know what things have changed. Docking devices are tracked by the system ROM through the presence of the board ID, an entry in the Board sResource. The system ROM will discover that things have remained the same (the easy case), a device has been removed, or a new device has been installed.
If a device has been removed or if a new device has been installed, the system ROM tells the old docking handler (which still resides in the system heap) to clean up after itself by sending a dockRemoved selector to the docking handler. After that is completed, the old handler is purged, and a new handler replaces its entry in the trap table. In the case of a device simply being removed, a default “no device” handler replaces the old entry. If a device is swapped for a new device, then the handler for the new device acts as the replacement.
From this point, the wakeup process follows the same path as the start-up process. Functionality may be limited when coming out of sleep as indicated by the hardware attribute flags. Video and network services are not available from newly added devices. The system must be restarted for those functions to come into effect.
Duo Dock versus Duo MiniDock
Apple provides declaration ROMs for two expansion devices: the Duo Dock, and the Duo MiniDock. While the code contained in these two ROMs is similar and is even built from the same sources, the object code output is necessarily different because of the different feature sets. For example, the Duo Dock contains a power-off eject mechanism, whereas the Duo MiniDock does not. Conversely, the Duo MiniDock supports SCSI Disk Mode, whereas Duo Dock does not.
Glossary
automatic gain control (AGC)Automatic volume control. A processor for holding the output of a sound system constant, despite variations in the input.
board sResourceA unique sResource in an expansion device’s declaration ROM, that describes the device so that the computer can identify it.
clamshellA term used to describe the PowerBook Duo housing. A hinged case that opens to reveal keyboard and video display.
color look-up table (CLUT)A device that converts pixel data from a video frame buffer into red, green, and blue video signals.
Combo chipControls the Serial Communica-tions Controller (SCC) interface, and the Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI).
communication control language (CCL)A scripting language specifically designed to control a communications application, for example, an AppleLink connection (AppleLink CCL), or an AppleTalk Remove Access connection (ARA CCL).
computer operating properly (COP) featureA hardware feature of the Power Manager. Using COP, the Power Manager provides an address that must be written to in a specific way at least once every four seconds. If this write operation does not take place, the Power Manager institutes a full reset. The feature guarantees that the batteries will not be incorrectly charged for an extended period.
configuration ROMSee declaration ROM.
data access arrangement (DAA)Provides the telephone line interface for the modem. In domestic applications, the DAA is an integral part of the PowerBook Duo modem card, and communicates with the telephone through an RJ-11 connector. The international version of the modem card has a mini-DIN 8 connector, that accommodates an external DAA, which can be changed to meet telephone line requirements in different countries.
data pump driverThe lowest end of the modem software. It handles control and setup, and data handling and framing.
declaration ROMA ROM located on the main logic boards of the MiniDock and the Duo Dock, or any other equivalent expansion device. It contains information about configuration, driver, and diagnostics, and it enables the Power Book Duo to recognize the expansion device to which it is attached.
digital filter audio controller (DFAC)A custom chip that performs the analog processing functions for the PowerBook Duo sound system. It comprises a sound input amplifier with AGC, a switched capacitor filer, an analog-to-digital converter, and switching amplifier circuits.
dockingThe process of attaching the PowerBook Duo computer to an expansion device. See also undocking.
DRAM bankSee memory bank.
Duo DockSee Macintosh Duo Dock.
dynamic bus sizingThe PowerBook Duo’s main processor is a 32-bit device, which means it has a 32-bit wide data bus. It supports dynamic sizing, which means it can support peripheral devices with 8-, 16-, or 32-bit data buses, without suffering from data alignment problems.
EverWatch power management feature Comprises hardware components (Power Manager, and certain MSC functions), firmware (in the form of static RAM), and supporting software. These elements conserve power when the computer is running on battery.
fast super-twist nematic (FSTN)A type of video display screen.
Floppy AdapterSee PowerBook Duo Floppy Adapter.
frame bufferA buffer memory that stores all the picture elements (pixels) of a frame of video information.
general logic unit (GLU)Custom integrated circuits (ICs) used as interfaces between different logical elements of the computer.
Gestalt ManagerA machine code that enables you to determine the machine on which your application is running. The code for the PowerBook Duo is 32.
gray-scale controllerA custom device that controls the interface between the processor and various video components.
heapThe area of memory in which space is dynamically allocated and released on demand, using the Memory Manager.
liquid crystal display (LCD)The PowerBook Duo’s integral display is an LCD which provides high-quality, black-on-white alphanumeric and graphic information.
locking mechanismA mechanical means of locking the PowerBook Duo to an expansion device. In the case of the Macintosh Duo Dock, the locking mechanism can also lock the PowerBook Duo out of the Duo Dock. See also PowerLatch Technology.
Macintosh Duo DockA docking station that turns the PowerBook Duo into a fully functional desk-top computer. Also referred to as the Duo Dock.
Macintosh Duo MiniDockAn expansion device that extends the PowerBook Duo’s I/O capabilities, giving it access to external serial ports, SCSI devices, larger monitors, floppy drives, keyboard and mouse. Also referred to as the MiniDock.
main expansion connectorThe 152-pin connector that interfaces the PowerBook Duo
to its expansion devices, giving them direct access to the computer’s address, data, and control signals.
main processorThe main processor contains an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and system control hardware. It is the main engine of the computer. The PowerBook Duo uses an MC68030 30 MHz processor. The device is also referred to as a microprocessor.
main system controller (MSC)A custom inte-grated circuit that supports the main processor, and controls the majority of functions, including SCC and SCSI I/O. It also works with the Power Manager, to control the computer’s power saving functions. Certain MSC functions are addressed as peripheral I/O devices.
memory bankPowerBook Duo DRAM is divided into logical blocks, known as banks. Each bank contains four DRAM devices. The main logic board houses two banks, and the DRAM expansion card can accommodate four or five banks of DRAMs.
memory management unitThis element of the main processor performs the memory-mapping function, using tables that contain the addresses needed to map logical memory locations to physical memory locations.
memory mappingThe process of translating a logical memory address into an arbitrary physical address. It is essential in a multi-user, multitask environment, since it allows each program or task to be assigned a separate logical address space, and prevents one task from interfering with another.
memory sizing softwareCalculates how many banks of DRAM are in use, gives the size of each bank, and combines the segments in the address map stored in the memory management unit, so that the operating system sees contiguous blocks of memory.
microprocessorSee main processor.
Mini DockSee Macintosh Duo MiniDock.
modem adapter cardA small printed circuit card which plugs into the main logic boards of the Macintosh MiniDock and Macintosh Duo Dock, and provides the telephone hookup for the internal modem.
modem cardA small printed circuit card which plugs into the main logic board of the PowerBook Duo, and provides modem and fax capabilities for the computer.
nap stateThe nap state conserves power by virtually turning off the main processor, while keeping other parts of the system, such as the hard disk, running normally.
NuBus adapter cardAn integral part of the Macintosh Duo Dock. Provides two slots for NuBus cards.
pipelined architecture A method of accessing the computer that allows several processes to be executed in parallel. In the case of the PowerBook Duo, the internal data and instruction caches can be accessed in parallel with bus transfers.
playthrough featureA feature of the PowerBook Duo’s sound system. It permits an external audio source to be mixed with computer-generated sound, and played out through the speaker or headphone jack.
PowerLatch Technology Provides a seamless integration between desk-top and portable computing environments. Comprises the hardware, firmware, and software support needed to attach the PowerBook Duo computer to the Macintosh Duo Dock.
Power ManagerA custom microcontroller that implements the PowerBook Duo’s power management scheme.
PowerBook Duo Floppy AdapterAn expansion device that provides the PowerBook Duo with access to a floppy disk drive, and to an external keyboard and mouse.
public switch telephone network (PSTN)
SCCSee Serial Communication Controller.
screen dimmingA control panel in the PowerBook Duo software that allows you to choose to dim the backlight on the display panel automatically.
SCSISee Small Computer System Interface.
SCSI deviceAny piece of equipment that
can be connected to others through the SCSI bus, for example computers, hard-disk drives, and
&CD ROMs.
Serial Communication Controller (SCC) ports Allow you to connect external devices, such as modems and printers, to your Apple computer.
sleep stateThe time when the PowerBook Duo is not in use, and most of the circuits are powered down, the screen is blank, and the hard disk is not running, is described as the sleep state. This state extends battery life by reducing power consumption almost to zero.
Small Computer System Interface (SCSI)A industry standard parallel bus that provides a consistent means of connecting computers in daisy chain fashion, and of connecting peripherals such as hard disks, and CD ROMs to computers.
SWIM IIThe Super Woz Integrated Machine, a custom chip used to control the floppy drive.
undockingThe process of removing, or detaching, the PowerBook Duo computer from an expansion device. See also docking.
Universal ROMA single ROM used in all Macintosh computers since the Macintosh IIci. It contains the operating system for the PowerBook Duo. Minor modifications to the ROM support the PowerBook Duo’s new hardware.
versatile interface adapter (VIA)Part of the main system controller (MSC), the VIA controls the interface between the processor and other elements in the CPU.
Video MirroringA control panel in the PowerBook Duo’s software that allows you to display a mirror image of one screen on an external monitor.
video subsystem controller (VSC)One of the computer’s video components. An ASIC chip that incorporates frame buffer control logic, and is programmed to generate the video formats for the computer.
hard disk 50-pin SCSI connector, signal assignments161
hardware attributes186
hardware interface
modem card59
modem card and Duo Dock60
modem card and MiniDock60
modem card and PowerBook Duo59
heat dissipation93
high-speed modem connections127
housing
Duo Dock139, 140, 141, 142
Floppy Adapter97
hard disk30, 31
MiniDock105
PowerBook Duo75, 76
human interface11
keyboard11
microphone12
speaker12
trackball11
video display panel11
I, J
information identity
applications126
files126
infrared ADB181
installation, modem57
integrated VIAs20
interface
ADB157
DRAM expansion card69
floating-point unit168
Floppy Adapter with PowerBook Duo97
floppy-disk drive116
hard disk34
MiniDock with PowerBook Duo106
modem card with Duo Dock62
modem card with MiniDock61
modem card with PowerBook Duo60
modem power control62
NuBus162
PowerBook Duo38
SCC118
SCSI154
telephone line electrical63
internal floppy drive160
internal hard disk30
I/O space, map18
K
keyboard11, 77
L
LCD display11, 74
local area network (LAN)11
LocalTalk82, 127
locking attributes189
locking mechanism139
M
machine identification6
Macintosh Duo Dock134–135
Macintosh Duo MiniDock90–93
main expansion connector12, 39
MiniDock106
signal assignments39, 107
main logic board
Duo Dock148
Floppy Adapter99
MiniDock110, 112
PowerBook Duo14
main processor15
main system controller (MSC)9, 20
power control22, 24, 25
sound control28
manual eject mechanism, Duo Dock139
map
I/O space18
pseudo NuBus expansion space18
video buffer18
MC68020 microprocessor7
MC68030 microprocessor7, 15
mechanical specifications, modem48
memory10
access21
banks19
control21
DRAM19
DRAM expansion19
memory management unit16, 19
memory mapping16
memory sizing19
microphone12
MiniDock
electrical considerations93
features90, 91, 104
logic board with components112
logic board with dimensions113
main logic board110, 112
power budget92
power sources121
thermal considerations93
MiniDock hardware104–122
MMU16, 19
MNP II-V networking protocol57
modem
control panel53
data compression57
domestic48
error correction57
features54
installation57
mechanical specifications48
protocols57
software architecture53
modem adapter card122, 158, 159
signal assignments122
modem adapter connector, signal assignments159
modem arbitration
associations55
client arbitration55
modem capabilities48–64
modem card48, 158
connector58
signal assignments58
domestic11
electrical interface58
hardware interface59
international11
outline domestic version49
outline international version50
power requirements58
modem card functions, domestic and international52
modem compatibility54
modem Control Panel57
modem CTB connection tool57
modem data pump49
modem features
arbitration55
communicating with the modem55
modem hardware48
modem implementation for different markets49
modem international48
modem link11
modem operation
asynchronous data11
full duplex11
modem power control interface62
modem ring messages56
modems, telephone line interface52
modem software49
modem specifications63
modem transmission protocols55
monitors127, 178
MSC21
multiple environments
AppleTalk177
file-server connections127, 177
monitors127, 177
using the PowerBook Duo in127, 177
N
network sensing code84
Non-data-user associations, ring messages56
NuBus
adapter card162
connector162, 164
mounting configuration163
cards162
expansion162
interface162
NuBus adapter card connector, signal assignments164
NuBus connectors192
NuBus declaration ROM, comparison with Duo Dock's declaration ROM179, 181
O
optional hard disk161
options dialog box82
other sResources197
output voltage cross-regulation limits171
P, Q
params fields
dockInit195
dockPowerControl196
physical address space17
pin designations
ADB connector120, 157
floppy disk drive connector101
SCSI connector117, 155
serial port connector119, 156
video connector114, 153
pipelined architecture15
playthrough feature28
port A, AppleTalk82
ports A and B, arbitration127
PowerBook Duo
features6
housing74, 75, 76
interface38
I/O interfaces38–45
keyboard77
main logic board14
mechanical features74–78
physical address space17
power states24
nap24
shutdown25
sleep25
rear panel38
software80–85
trackball78
video display panel74
PowerBookDuo
housing5
software features85
PowerBook Duo control panel81, 82
PowerBook Duo introduction4–13
PowerBook Duo main logic board14–28
block diagram14
outline15
power budget
Floppy Adapter92
MiniDock92
power connector44
power connector signal assignments44
power consumption, hard disk34
power control196
power draw, DRAM expansion card71
PowerLatch technology143
power management
operating modes22
Power Manager10
Power Manager10, 20, 22, 170
built-in security features24
COP feature24
sound control28
power requirements
hard disk33, 161
modem card58
power sources, MiniDock121
power status189
power supply
AC adapter25
battery25
Duo Dock170, 171
Floppy Adapter102
ventilation170
power supply connector, signal assignments171
preferences identity
applications177
desktop patterns126, 177
files177
passwords126, 177
preferences126, 177
PrimaryInit183
processing and control7
protocols
compression57
MNP II-V57
modem57
modem transmission55
pseudo NuBus expansion space, map18
public switch telephone network (PSTN)11, 48
R
RAM, video114
rear panel, PowerBook Duo38
receive capabilities, fax57
reference materialxviii
registers
sound clock rate21
sound record/play21
sound volume21
related documentationxviii
restore sleep state196
ring messages56
data-user associations56
non-data-user associations56
ROM
configuration20, 81, 120
declaration20, 81, 120, 128, 138
docking calls on20
system19, 128, 179
process198
universal80
ROM version194
routines
dockEjectStatus193
dockSoundAttr193
S
save sleep state195
SCC Combo chip27
SCC controller118
SCC interface10, 118
SCC ports190
screen dimming83
scripting mechanism55
SCSI
controller154
interface154
manager81
SCSI bus26
SCSI chip type191
SCSI connector117
hard disk35
pin designations117, 155
signal assignments117, 155
SCSI connector signal assignments35
SCSI controller117
SCSI device support117
SCSI disk mode81, 191
SCSI disk mode interrupt handler197
SCSI ID177
SCSI interface10, 117
selectors185
send capabilities, fax57
serial I/O118
serial port connector43, 119
pin designations119, 156
signal assignments119, 157
serial port connector, signal assignments44
serial ports156
server applications55
server mode55
signal assignments
ADB connector100, 120, 158
DRAM expansion card connector69
Duo Dock main expansion connector144
Floppy Adapter connector98
floppy disk drive connector102, 160
FPU interface168
hard drive 50-pin SCSI connector161
main expansion connector39
MiniDock subset of signals for the main expansion connector107
modem adapter card122
modem adapter connector159
modem card connector58
NuBus adapter card connector164
power connector44
power supply connector171
SCSI connector117, 155
serial port connector119, 157
serial port connectors44
video connector114, 153
VRAM SIMM connector151
SIMM151
single to multiple ports, changing from127, 178
Slot Manager128, 129, 179, 180, 181, 182
software
fax terminal53
features85
memory sizing19
support for fax84
software architecture, modem53
software issues, Duo Dock174–180
sound
DMA21
playthrough feature28
sound attributes193
sound buffer28
sound clock rate register21
sound components28
built-in speaker28
external headphone jack28
microphone input jack28
sound FIFO21
sound ports158
sound record/play register21
sound system10
sound volume register21
speaker12
specifications
DRAM expansion card72
fax63
modem63
sResource129, 180, 183, 184
board182
directory183
sResource directory184
sResources, other197
start-up control panel126, 177
start-up process129, 180, 198
status calls185
dockDockingAttr188
dockFloppyDriveIcon194
dockHardwareAttr186
dockLockingAttr189
dockNuBusConnects192
dockPowerStatus189
dockROMVersion194
dockSCCPorts190
dockSCCReadAddr194
dockSCCWriteAddr194
dockSCSIAddr194
dockSCSIDiskMode191
dockSCSIDMAAddr194
dockSCSIHskAddr194
dockSCSIType191
storage capacity10
super twist nematic mode27
SWIM II101, 114, 160
SWIM II, power drain27
SWIM II controller115
System Extensions folder57
system ROM19, 128, 180
modified functions128
process198
T
target market4
telephone line electrical interface63
telephone line interface, modems52
termination, hard disk35
thermal considerations
Floppy Adapter93
MiniDock93
toolbox19
trackball78
assembly11, 78
U
undocking the PowerBook Duo124
Universal ROM80
user mode55
V
ventilation for power supply170
venting93
versatile interface adapter (VIA)20
video
buffer151
connector114
controller114
display panel27
driver, gray-scale80
features113
formats114, 149
interface114
output114, 153
port153
RAM27, 114
subsystem controller (VSC)149
system27
VRAM expansion151
video buffer map18
video connector
pin designations114, 153
signal assignments114, 153
video display panel11, 74
video mirroring83
video RAM151
video subsystem controller (VSC)114, 160
visual cuesxvii
VRAM114, 151
expansion151
VRAM SIMM151
connector, signal assignments151
W, X, Y, Z
wake-up process198
sResource129
This Apple manual was written, edited, and composed on a desktop publishing system using Apple Macintosh computers and FrameMaker software. Proof pages were created on an Apple LaserWriter IINTX printer. Final pages were created on the Varityper VT600 imagesetter. Line art was created using Adobe<Superscript\>™ Illustrator. PostScript<Superscript\>™ , the page-description language for the LaserWriter, was developed by Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Text type is Palatino<Superscript\>® and display type is Helvetica<Superscript\>® . Bullets are ITC Zapf Dingbats®. Some elements, such as program listings, are set in Apple Courier.
WRITER
Joyce D. Mann
DEVELOPMENTAL EDITOR
Wendy Krafft
ART DIRECTION
Sandee Karr
ILLUSTRATORS
B. Carey, S. Karr, D. Olmos
PRODUCTION EDITOR
Rex Wolf
Special thanks to Rolly Reed,
Mary Johnson, Mike Johnson,
Ruth Hennigar, Mark Siebert,
Mark Baumwell, Markus Wellgren, David Rothschild, and Todd Kessler
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Figure 2-4 ° d ONLN d€+6L )NMap of I/O space p ° d ONLN dÌ+_6i )W18 ° d ONLN d7 ∫B ‰ (? ∫
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Figure 3-2 ° d ONLN dºèö )N Bracket for the hard disk drive ° d ONLN d›èíöú )ä32 ° d ONLN d‡ß ∫≤ · (Ø ∫ Table 3-1 ° d ONLN dÍß≤≈ )N-Hard disk current drain and power consumption Ü¿ ° d ONLN dß◊≤· )œ34 ° d ONLN d ≥ ∫æ · (ª ∫ Table 3-2 ° d ONLN d&≥ææ )N+Hard disk SCSI connector signal assignments p ° d ONLN dS≥—æ€ )…35
Figure 7-1 ° d ONLN dÜ Ò Í ¸ )NV W∞ ° d ONLN dá Ò ¸Æ )-iew of PowerBook Duo housing in open position Â` ° d ONLN d∂ Ò¿ ¸ )–75 ° d ONLN dπ ˝ ú Δ ( ú
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Figure 7-4 ° d ONLN d Í w )N PowerBook Duo trackball assembly ` ° d ONLN dBä î )†78
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Figure 8-1 ° d ONLN duM ÍXs )N The PowerBook Duo control panel àP ° d ONLN dñMÖXè )õ82 ° d ONLN dôY úd Δ (a ú
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Figure 8-3 ° d ONLN dΔe Íp )N#PowerBook Duo display control panel ` ° d ONLN dÎeípú )®83 ° d ONLN dÓq ú| Δ (y ú
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Figure 9-1 ° d ONLN d∂ Í¡] )NPowerBook Duo with Floppy ÜP ° d ONLN dô∂]¡ÿ )s Adapter and MiniDock features ` ° d ONLN d∏∂Ρı )é90 ° d ONLN dªŒ úŸ √ (÷ ú Table 9-1 ° d ONLN d≈Œ ÍŸi )N Expansion device power budget
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Table 10-2 ° d ONLN d—n Íyu )N ADB connector signal assignments P ° d ONLN dÛnàyó )û101 ° d ONLN d˜z úÖ » (Ç ú
Table 10-3 ° d ONLN dz ÍÖ¶ )N.Floppy disk drive connector signal assignments † ° d ONLN d2zπÖ» )œ102 ˇr @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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interface Ä ° d ONLN d † ´. )5144 ° d ONLN d ¨ ú ∑ » ( ¥ ú
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dockSCC Ports Æ– ° d ONLN d Û òN £_ )F bit f ∞ ° d ONLN d ˘ ò_ £q )ields 0@ ° d ONLN d òÑ £ì )%190 ° d ONLN d § ∫ Ø ‚ ( ¨ ∫ Table A-7 ° d ONLN d § Ø^ )NdockSCSIDiskMode · ° d ONLN d §^ Øo )V bit f ‚0 ° d ONLN d$ §o ØÅ )ields bp ° d ONLN d+ §î Ø£ )%191 ° d ONLN d/ ∞ ∫ ª ‚ ( ∏ ∫ Table A-8 ° d ONLN d9 ∞ ªH )N dockSCSIType H¿ ° d ONLN dE ∞I ªZ )A bit f I ° d ONLN dK ∞Z ªl )ields 0 ° d ONLN dR ∞~ ªç )$192 ° d ONLN dV º ∫ « ‚ ( ƒ ∫ Table A-9 ° d ONLN d` º «c )NdockNuBusConnects G ° d ONLN dq ºd «u )\ bit f H@ ° d ONLN dw ºu «á )ields »Ä ° d ONLN d~ ºô «® )$192 ° d ONLN dÇ » ∫ ” Á ( – ∫
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° d ONLN d ° ∫ ≠k *<'The Macintosh Duo System Developer Note $@ ° d ONLN d 7 °l ≠‘ )≤ describes design featur 7` ° d ONLN d O °‘ ≠˚ )h
es of the ° d ONLN d Y Æ ∫ ∫a ( ∑ ∫ Macintosh PowerBook Duo computer À‡ ° d ONLN d y Æ` ∫¸ )¶%, and its accessories: the Macintosh ° d ONLN d û ª ∫ «' ( ƒ ∫PowerBook Duo Floppy Ñ ° d ONLN d ≥ ª' «K )mAdapter ™Ä ° d ONLN d ∫ ªK «¸ )$&, the Macintosh Duo MiniDock, and the ° d ONLN d ‡ » ∫ ‘Ò ( — ∫AMacintosh Duo Dock, which enhance the performance and extend the ° d ONLN d! ’ ∫ ·W *
#capabilities of the PowerBook Duo. ° d ONLN dE Á ∫ Û Ô * This note pr ±Ä ° d ONLN dQ Á Ô ÛC )5ovides you, the har WÄ ° d ONLN dd ÁD Û[ )Udwar è@ ° d ONLN dh Á[ Ûè ) e or softwar %¿ ° d ONLN dt Áê Û√ )5 e developer #Ä ° d ONLN d Á√ ÛÔ )3 , with the ° d ONLN dä Ù ∫ V ( ˝ ∫"information you need to design har ° d ONLN d¨ ÙW n )ùdwar 8¿ ° d ONLN d∞ Ùn ™ )
e and softwar T@ ° d ONLN dΩ Ù™ ˙ )<e elements for the ° d ONLN d– ∫
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∫Hsystem, including interfaces, expansion devices, and application softwar ê ° d ONLN d˘
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˘e. ° d ONLN d ∫H ( ∫ This publication assumes you ar Ä ° d ONLN d:IÎ )è&e familiar with the functionality and ° d ONLN d` ∫' √ ($ ∫pr G ° d ONLN db ƒ' ˛ )
ogramming r t@ ° d ONLN dm ˛' ):equir ãÄ ° d ONLN dr'F ) ements for ° ° d ONLN d}F'Δ )1Apple Macintosh computers. ° d ONLN dò- ∫9Q (6 ∫#This developer note consists of thr ‡ ° d ONLN dª-R9Δ )òee parts and an appendix. ,
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° d ONLN d÷C ∫J ø (I ∫n
° d ONLN dÿ@ ΔLì ) )Part 1, “Macintosh PowerBook Duo Computer 1@ ° d ONLN d@ìLö )Õ.”
° d ONLN dU ∫\ ø ([ ∫n
° d ONLN dR Δ^W ) Part 2, “PowerBook Duo Floppy B¿ ° d ONLN d$RW^ )ë$Adapter and Macintosh Duo MiniDock.”
° d ONLN dIg ∫n ø (m ∫n
° d ONLN dKd ΔpO ) Part 3, “Macintosh Duo Dock.”
° d ONLN diy ∫Ä ø ( ∫n
° d ONLN dkv ΔÇj ) !Appendix, “Declaration ROM Specifi « ° d ONLN dçvjÇê )§ cations.” ° d ONLN dóá ∫ìù (ê ∫6It also contains a glossary and an index for the entir ? ° d ONLN dÕáûìΩ )‰e book.
° d ONLN dÛ÷ ∫‚6 (fl ∫ The following visual cues ar È` ° d ONLN d÷6‚a )|
e used thr µ@ ° d ONLN d÷b‚ ),&oughout this manual to draw attention ° d ONLN d?„ ∫Ô& (Ï ∫to certain types of signifi ° d ONLN dZ„'Ôs )mcant information.
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° d ONLN dl˝ ¶ Æ ( ¶s , Helvetica
° d ONLN dm˛ ∫ √ ( ∫W úÄ ° d ONLN dn˛ √ Ó ) ARNING
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° d ONLN du ∫ ¡ ( ∫A ∫† ° d ONLN dv ¡v )+ warning like this indicates a potential pr ßÄ ° d ONLN d° v˘ )µ oblem that could damage the ° d ONLN dΩ ∫! » ( ∫har ` ° d ONLN d¿ …! ‡ )dwar N ° d ONLN dƒ ‡!6 )e, cause the softwar ◊‡ ° d ONLN dÿ6!æ )V e to crash, or cause permanent ° d ONLN d¯! ∫- (* ∫loss of data.
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: HH 4; HH ° d ONLN d; ∫C Ÿ (A ∫IMPORT Ä ° d ONLN d; ŸC È ) ANT
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° d ONLN dF ∫R« (O ∫@This type of note contains information that is essential for an ° d ONLN d[R ∫^Í * @understanding of the main text and of the PowerBook Duo computer ㆠ° d ONLN dõRÍ^Ï ([Í.
° d ONLN dÚà ∫îP (ë ∫ When new or specialized terms ar ≤† ° d ONLN dàPîh )ñe defi Ó` ° d ONLN dàhîΩ )ned, they appear in ㇠° d ONLN d+àæîÁ )V boldface z@ ° d ONLN d4àËî )*. These ° d ONLN d<ï ∫° fi (û ∫terms ar ‘† ° d ONLN dDï fi°
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e also defi +@ ° d ONLN dOï °« )-,ned in the glossary at the back of the book. ˇ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
ö ¶M )~ eviations ar ` ° d ONLN d öM ¶ù )3e used in the book ° d ONLN dî ú† £ (ù úA ∫† ° d ONLN dî £†7 )! distinction is made between boar I‡ ° d ONLN d6î8†e )ï
ds and car ≈ ° d ONLN d@îe†à )-ds. Boar t ° d ONLN dHîâ†û )$ds ar ¿ ° d ONLN dMîü†ı )e a permanent part ° d ONLN d`° ú≠Ó (™ úHof the computer or expansion device, for example the PowerBook Duo main ° d ONLN d®Æ ú∫ « *
ds may be ° d ONLN dÚª ú«„ (ƒ úIinserted into the system, and can be added or exchanged, for example the ° d ONLN d;» ú‘ ˚ *
DRAM expansion car è ° d ONLN dM» ˚‘[ )_d, and the modem car -` ° d ONLN da»\‘d )ad. ° d ONLN dd⁄ úÊ/ („ ú PowerBook Duo is alternatively r ó ° d ONLN dÑ⁄/ÊC )ìeferr 5¿ ° d ONLN dâ⁄DÊ“ )!ed to in the text as the computer ¿ ° d ONLN d™⁄—Ê” )ç. ° d ONLN d¨Ï ú¯ (ı úPowerBook Duo Floppy Ñ ° d ONLN d¡Ï ¯x )mAdapter is alternatively r ú¿ ° d ONLN d€Ïx¯å )oeferr ;Ä ° d ONLN d‡Ïç¯ )ed to in the text as the ° d ONLN d˘˘ ú æ ( úFloppy " ° d ONLN d ˘ æ ‚ )"Adapter H` ° d ONLN d˘ ‚ ‰ )$. ° d ONLN d úY ( ú)Macintosh Duo MiniDock is alternatively r ù¿ ° d ONLN d2 Ym )Ωeferr <Ä ° d ONLN d7 n— )ed to in the text as the ° d ONLN dP ú$ (! ú MiniDock. ° d ONLN dZ* ú6D *%Macintosh Duo Dock is alternatively r Ü` ° d ONLN d*D6X )®eferr % ° d ONLN dÑ*Y6Î )"ed to in the text as the Duo Dock. ° d ONLN dß< úHÆ (E ú;Devices in the same categories as the PowerBook Duo Floppy ° d ONLN d‚<ÆHË (EÆ Adapter and ° d ONLN dÓI úU (R úMacintosh Duo MiniDock ar ≠‡ ° d ONLN dIU% )~e r ºÄ ° d ONLN d
° d ONLN d ´ – Δ ‹ ) Inside Macintosh, ‚ ° d ONLN d º – ‹ )H V ~` ° d ONLN d æ – ‹L ) olumes I thr ı@ ° d ONLN d –L ‹t )5 ough VI.
° d ONLN d ‘ Â ∫ Ï ø ( Î ∫n
° d ONLN d ÷ ‚ Δ Óó ) 0Macintosh Classic II, Macintosh PowerBook Family z¿ ° d ONLN d ‚ó Ó¸ )—, and Macintosh Quadra ° d ONLN d Ó Δ ˙ ‚ ( ˜ ΔFamily ’ ° d ONLN d# Ó ‚ ˙ ‰ ) U ° d ONLN d$ Ó Â ˙, )Developer Notes, V† ° d ONLN d5 Ó, ˙I )GAPDA ` ° d ONLN d9 ÓI ˙‰ ) publication number #ROI43LL/A.
° d ONLN dn< ∫H ◊ (E ∫APDA H¿ ° d ONLN dr< ◊H „ ) is ¿ ° d ONLN dv< „HO ) Apple’s worldwide sour ¯ ° d ONLN då<NHå )kce for over thr ¿ ° d ONLN dõ<çH¥ )?ee hundr º† ° d ONLN d£<¥H˛ )'ed development ° d ONLN d≤I ∫U (R ∫tools, technical r w¿ ° d ONLN dƒIU )Hesour ¿ ° d ONLN d…IU\ )ces, training pr µ† ° d ONLN dŸI\U˚ )B#oducts, and information for anyone ° d ONLN d¸V ∫b Œ (_ ∫inter
¿ ° d ONLN dV œbn )$ested in developing applications on M` ° d ONLN d%VnbÚ )ü Apple platforms. Customers r j ° d ONLN dAVÚb )Ñeceive ° d ONLN dHc ∫o ı (l ∫the quarterly f` ° d ONLN dVc ˆo )<APDA [@ ° d ONLN dZco ) T €@ ° d ONLN d\coL )
2expansion devices that extend the interface and pr 6 ° d ONLN dy ïJ °‚ )fi$ovide the capabilities of a desktop ° d ONLN dù ¢ l Æ ñ ( ´ lcomputer Ñ@ ° d ONLN d• ¢ ñ ÆÂ )*L. The PowerBook Duo, with its accessories, eliminates the need for a second ° d ONLN dÒ Ø l ª ñ ( ∏ lcomputer Ñ@ ° d ONLN d˘ Ø ñ ª )* , working equally well in the of â` ° d ONLN d Ø ª& )äfi ñ ° d ONLN d Ø& ª_ )ce or on the r !` ° d ONLN d) Ø` ªs ):oad. ° d ONLN d. ¡ l Õ ( l The expanded computer comprises ,
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° d ONLN dN ◊ l fi q *n
° d ONLN dP ‘ x ‡ ˛ ) the PowerBook Duo computer
° d ONLN dk È l q ( Ô ln
° d ONLN dm Ê x Ú ı ) the PowerBook Duo Floppy ·Ä ° d ONLN dÜ Ê ı Ú )}Adapter
° d ONLN dé ˚ l q ( ln
° d ONLN dê ¯ x ˚ ) the Macintosh Duo MiniDock
° d ONLN d´
l q ( ln
° d ONLN d≠
x Ê ) the Macintosh Duo Dock ° d ONLN dƒ l' Ø ($ lThis chapter pr ° ° d ONLN d” Ø'ƒ )C9ovides you with an overview of the PowerBook Duo computer ° d ONLN d ƒ'· ($ƒ. Figur fi‡ ° d ONLN d‡'˜ ) e 1-1 ° d ONLN d( l4 (1 l#shows several views of the computer † ° d ONLN d<(4 )£. ° d ONLN d?: lF r (C lY @Ä ° d ONLN d@: rF ô ) ou will fi ⁄ ° d ONLN dJ: ôFä )'2nd design information on the PowerBook Duo Floppy ñ ° d ONLN d|:äF’ )ÒAdapter and the ° d ONLN dåG lSÊ (P lRMacintosh Duo MiniDock in Part 2 of this developer note, and on the Macintosh Duo ° d ONLN dfiT l` „ *
° d ONLN d £ lØ † (¨ l The softwar Ä ° d ONLN d£ °Ø › )5e issues cover t‡ ° d ONLN d%£ ›Øn )<!ed in this developer note include
° d ONLN dGπ l¿ q (ø ln
° d ONLN dI∂ x¬ à ) the ›` ° d ONLN dM∂ ଠ◊ )declaration ROM ˇÄ ° d ONLN d\∂ ◊¬È )O@, which is located in the expansion devices, and is used by the ° d ONLN dú¬ xŒ% (À x%PowerBook Duo to identify the devices
° d ONLN d¬◊ lfi q (› ln
° d ONLN dƒ‘ x‡ ¡ ) the system ROM
° d ONLN d”È l q (Ô ln
° d ONLN d’Ê xÚ ∫ ) system softwar M‡ ° d ONLN d„Ê ªÚ ø )Ce
° d ONLN dÂ˚ l q ( ln
° d ONLN dÁ¯ x ) support for the modem and fax ° d ONLN d l ( l!Chapter 8, “PowerBook Duo Softwar ≤¿ ° d ONLN d' ' )£e,” pr CÄ ° d ONLN d- (‰ )+ovides further information on these topics.
° d ONLN diX ld ã (a lThe tar √ ° d ONLN dpX ãdM ) )get market for the PowerBook Duo includes ˜` ° d ONLN dôXMdO )¬
° d ONLN dõn lu q (t ln
° d ONLN dùk xw ) users who want to have their fi Ñ@ ° d ONLN dºkwò )â%les with them at all times: in the of C ° d ONLN d·kôwü )òfi O‡ ° d ONLN d„küwÈ )ce, at home, and ° d ONLN dÙw xÉ ª (Ä xwhen traveling
° d ONLN då lì q (í ln
° d ONLN dâ xï ) companies who cannot justify mor ° d ONLN d%âïû )ô e than one computer per person
° d ONLN dDû l• q (§ ln
° d ONLN dFõ xßÅ ) ;users who want to use a full-size color monitor and keyboar u` ° d ONLN dÅõÅß· (§Åd at their desks, have ° d ONLN dòß x≥_ (∞ x2access to networks, and NuBus expansion capability ˇh @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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Figure 1-1 ° d ONLN d \ Ã g )BThe PowerBook Duo ,
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° d ONLN d j äq è (p än
° d ONLN d g ñs ) users who do not want the tr ≈@ ° d ONLN d ;gs )8ouble of continually connecting and disconnecting cables
° d ONLN d t| äÉ è (Ç än
° d ONLN d vy ñÖ˝ ) Nusers who want to connect custom expansion devices to their portable computers ° d ONLN d ≈ä äñ (ì äThese needs cr 5 ° d ONLN d ”ä Àñ Ë )Aoss all ñ‡ ° d ONLN d €ä Ëñ¨ ) 'Apple computer market segments. However »Ä ° d ONLN dä¨ñ )ƒ, they tend to apply ° d ONLN dó ä£ü († ä:most to customers who have some experience with computers.
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Ò Íˇ ƒ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ¯ Ò ¯ ˇ‡¯ Ò ¯ Ä0¯ Ò ¯ ¯ Ò ¯ ¯ Ò ¯ ¯ Ò ¯ {ɯ Ò ¯ 0¿·¯ Ò ¯ !Ä!à¯ Ò ¯ ! 0à¯ Ò ¯ # à¯ Ò ¯ b à¯ Ò ¯ B à¯ Ò ¯ c à¯ Ò ¯ ! à¯ Ò ¯ ! 0à¯ Ò ¯ !Ä!à¯ Ò ¯ 0‡·¯ Ò ¯ ;ɯ Ò ¯ ¯ Ò ¯ ¯ Ò ¯ ¯ Ò ¯ Äp¯ Ò ¯ ˇ¿¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ 8¯ Ò ¯ ¿ ˯ Ò ¯ p à¯ Ò ¯ Ä>¯ Ò ¯ ˇ‡¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ˇ ¸˛ ¯ˇ ¸ Ò ¯ ˛ ˘ Ò ¯ ˛ ˘ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ ò :¿ ¿ 7 Fw Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯ Ò ¯ ˛ ¯
° d ONLN d ô l • ñ ( ¢ l Using the *Ä ° d ONLN d ô ó • Â )+ Gestalt Manager ª` ° d ONLN d 0 ô ‰ •æ )M1, you can determine whether your application is r ?` ° d ONLN d a ôø •ˆ )€ unning on a ° d ONLN d m ¶ l ≤‰ ( Ø lNPowerBook Duo, or another Macintosh model. The machine code for the PowerBook ° d ONLN d ª ≥ l ø ó *
° d ONLN d fi l à ( lFeatur Á@ ° d ONLN d ‰ àà ) 7es of the PowerBook Duo computer include the following: ,
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° d ONLN d x! õ ) Main pr ˆ ° d ONLN d% õ!2 )#!ocessor: 25- or 33-MHz 68030 micr O¿ ° d ONLN dF3!B )òopr å` ° d ONLN dIB!b )ocessor `Ä ° d ONLN dPb!d ) .
Power Manager p‡ ° d ONLN d E ¿Q )H: a custom micr ¢¿ ° d ONLN dŸEQ )Cocontr ÷¿ ° d ONLN dflE QS )
oller that pr ˆÄ ° d ONLN dÏESQ¡ )4ovides intelligent power ° d ONLN dQ x] ¥ (Z x management.
° d ONLN df lm q (l ln
° d ONLN dc xo ´ ) Integral har <` ° d ONLN d c ¨o3 )4 d disk: 80-, or 120-MB capacity ° d ONLN d>c2o4 )Ü.
° d ONLN d@x l q (~ ln
° d ONLN dBu xÅ¡ ) C4 MBs of DRAM (dynamic random access memory) on the main logic boar ¿ ° d ONLN dÖu¡Å… (~¡d.
° d ONLN dàä lë q (ê ln
° d ONLN däá xìM ) *DRAM connector: accommodates 4 MB or 8 MB † ° d ONLN d¥áNìÀ )÷Apple DRAM expansion car % ° d ONLN dÃáÀì÷ )}d, ° d ONLN dœì xüV (ú x0expanding system capacity to 8 MB or 12 MB. Thir Ä ° d ONLN dˇìWüÌ )fl!d-party developers using 16-Mbit ° d ONLN d ü x´ ƒ (® xDRAMs and curr ć ° d ONLN d.ü ƒ´K )L ent packaging can design a car ô‡ ° d ONLN dLüK´ÿ )á d that expands DRAM capacity ° d ONLN dj´ x∑ ≤ (¥ x
up to 24 MB.
° d ONLN dx¿ l« q (Δ ln
° d ONLN dzΩ x… æ ) 1 MB of ROM (r Ú` ° d ONLN dàΩ æ…% )Fead only memory): stor ¿ ° d ONLN dûΩ&…| )hes system and confi -Ä ° d ONLN d±Ω|…∫ )Vguration data.
° d ONLN d¿“ lŸ q (ÿ ln
° d ONLN d¬œ x€ ) V +Ä ° d ONLN d√œ € ¿ )ideo display: fl ∂@ ° d ONLN d”œ ¿€ Î )A
at panel fi ä‡ ° d ONLN dfiœ Ï€Ô ),;lm super twist nematic (FSTN), with 640 x 400 pixel liquid ° d ONLN d€ xÁR (‰ x/crystal display (LCD), on-demand cold cathode fl √ ° d ONLN dI€RÁa )⁄uor † ° d ONLN dL€bÁ¯ )!escent lamp (CCFL) backlighting, ° d ONLN dmÁ xÛ ˛ ( x!and 1-, 2-, and 4-bit gray scale.
° d ONLN dè¸ l q ( ln
° d ONLN dë˘ x ) V +Ä ° d ONLN dí˘ ‘ )ideo components: a ‡ ° d ONLN d§˘ ’6 )V gray-scale controller É ° d ONLN dª˘6f )a
chip (GSC) Œ‡ ° d ONLN d≈˘fh )0, N‡ ° d ONLN dΔ˘i‡ ) and video RAM. The GSC ° d ONLN dfi x é ( xcontr >Ä ° d ONLN d„ è ) ols the interface between the pr p† ° d ONLN d9 )äocessor D¿ ° d ONLN d
9∞ ) , the video RAM, and the fl Õ` ° d ONLN d%∞÷ )w at-panel ° d ONLN d. x ò ( xdisplay ° d ONLN d5 ò Á ) . The VRAMs stor Ù@ ° d ONLN dE Ê )N e the data r >` ° d ONLN dQ / )2equir U† ° d ONLN dV/ x )ed to write and r „ ° d ONLN dgx Ñ )Iefr ≈Ä ° d ONLN djÑ Δ ) esh the display ‡ ° d ONLN dyΔ » )B.
° d ONLN d{& l- q (, ln
° d ONLN d}# x/ Ø )
Combo chip Q` ° d ONLN dá# ∞/n )8) includes the Serial Communications Contr 0‡ ° d ONLN d∞#n/œ )æoller (SCC) and Small ° d ONLN dΔ/ x;( (8 x&Computer System Interface (SCSI) contr ο ° d ONLN dÏ/(;< )∞oller 0‡ ° d ONLN dÒ/<;> ).
° d ONLN dÛD lK q (J ln
° d ONLN dıA xMŸ ) LSound: enhanced sound chip: supports 8-bit monaural sound input and output.
° d ONLN dBV l] q (\ ln
° d ONLN dDS x_ ± )
Integral micr ó† ° d ONLN dQS ±_ )9ophone and speakers.
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° d ONLN dhe xq
) Modem: internal modem/fax car Z ° d ONLN dÖe
q )íd.
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° d ONLN däw xÉ ù ) Keyboar › ° d ONLN dëw ùÉ* )%!d: integral full-function keyboar `Ä ° d ONLN d≤w+És )éd with trackball.
° d ONLN dƒå lì q (í ln
° d ONLN dΔâ xïˆ ) TI/O (input/output): one 152-pin connector for expansion devices, one mini-DIN 8-pin ° d ONLN dï x°^ * 2serial port, one modem port, and a power connector fi ° d ONLN dLï]°_ )Â. ˇ4 @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ—Ú ˇÆ ( @ ä4Introduction to the Macintosh PowerBook Duo Computer 4⁄ ä˙ (‡ äExpansion Features
° d ONLN d ô ä • ê ( ¢ äY @Ä ° d ONLN d ô ê •Ê )Iou may use the PowerBook Duo with any of the following expansion devices: ,
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° d ONLN d ` ¨ ñ ∏ ) The PowerBook Duo Floppy ø‡ ° d ONLN d y ¨ ∏: )ÄAdapter Ê@ ° d ONLN d Ä ¨: ∏f )$
, which pr ¿ ° d ONLN d ä ¨g ∏ )-&ovides a 20-pin HDI connection for an ° d ONLN d ∞ ∏ ñ ƒ ¬ ( ¡ ñ
external fl ∑` ° d ONLN d ª ∏ ¬ ƒZ ),!oppy drive, and a mini-DIN 4-pin z ° d ONLN d ‹ ∏Z ƒ¸ )ò!ADB (Apple Desktop Bus) connector [‡ ° d ONLN d ˝ ∏¸ ƒ )¢.
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° d ONLN d ñ ÷H ) $The Macintosh Duo MiniDock, which pr > ° d ONLN d& I ÷Û )≥&ovides a 20-pin HDI connection for an ° d ONLN dL ÷ ñ ‚ ¬ ( fl ñ
external fl ∑` ° d ONLN dW ÷ ¬ ‚F ), oppy drive, a mini-DIN 4-pin ‡ ° d ONLN dt ÷G ‚ä )Ö
ADB connector ‹† ° d ONLN dÅ ÷â ‚ )B , a 30-pin HDI SCSI connector ° d ONLN dü ‚ ñ Ó§ ( Î ñ=for an external SCSI device, a DB-15 external video connector À` ° d ONLN d‹ ‚£ Óˆ ( Σ, a modem adapter -` ° d ONLN dÌ ‚ˆ Ó˚ )S, ° d ONLN dÔ Ó ñ ˙ ‡ ( ˜ ñpower connector :` ° d ONLN d˛ Ó ‡ ˙ )JC, sound input and output connectors, and two mini-DIN 8-pin serial ° d ONLN dA ˙ ñ ( ñQports. The Macintosh Duo MiniDock supports 12- to 16-inch monitors, up to 8 bits ° d ONLN dì ñ ø *
per pixel.
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° d ONLN d† ñ$ ) OThe Macintosh Duo Dock, which turns the PowerBook Duo portable computer into a ° d ONLN dÔ$ ñ0 * Ua full desk-top computer with enhanced graphics capabilities. It contains a built-in ° d ONLN dD0 ñ< ú * fl å¿ ° d ONLN dF0 ú<¯ )Moppy drive, and an internal 50-pin SCSI connector and power connector for an ° d ONLN dì< ñH (E ñ optional built-in 3.5” SCSI har Ä ° d ONLN d≤<H )Ö6d disk. External connections include a mini-DIN 4-pin ° d ONLN dËH ñT Ÿ (Q ñ
ADB connector O¿ ° d ONLN dıH ŸT )CC, a 30-pin HDI SCSI connector for an external SCSI device, a modem ° d ONLN d8T ñ` ¡ (] ñ connector /Ä ° d ONLN dAT ¡`˛ )+F, power and phone jacks, and two mini-DIN 8-pin serial ports. The Duo ° d ONLN dá` ñl (i ñXDock supports 12- to 16-inch monitors, up to 16 bits per pixel; has two slots for NuBus ° d ONLN dfll ñx £ * car µ@ ° d ONLN d‚l £xl )
,ds; and supports an optional 68882 math copr b† ° d ONLN dlmxô )
ocessor (fl ‘¿ ° d ONLN dlôxÍ ),oating-point unit). ° d ONLN d-} äâ ¢ (Ü äFigur R¿ ° d ONLN d2} ¢â )Me 1-2 on the next page summarizes the PowerBook Duo’s expanded capabilities. ° d ONLN dä äñB (ì ä)For further information about the Floppy ñ@ ° d ONLN d®äBñf )∏Adapter º† ° d ONLN dØäfñı )$ , MiniDock, and Duo Dock, you ° d ONLN dÕó ä£ Ø († äshould r T ° d ONLN d’ó Ø£~ )%2efer to Part 2 and Part 3 of this developer note.
° d ONLN d Ê äÚ± (Ô ä?This section gives an overview of the PowerBook Duo computer ar åÄ ° d ONLN d[ʱÚ◊ (Ô± chitectur A@ ° d ONLN ddÊÿÚ˘ )'e. Figur ›† ° d ONLN dlÊ˘Ú )!e 1-3 ° d ONLN drÛ äˇ õ (¸ ä(on ö¿ ° d ONLN dvÛ õˇ ≤ )page u† ° d ONLN d{Û ≥ˇ ∏ )9 u† ° d ONLN d|Û ∏ˇ∂ ):) is a high-level functional block diagram of the computer «† ° d ONLN d∂Ûµˇ∑ )˝.
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° d ONLN dœ+ ä7S (4 ä)The PowerBook Duo computer is designed ar öÄ ° d ONLN d¯+S7Ω )…ound the MC68030 micr flÄ ° d ONLN d
+Ω7à )jopr ° d ONLN d+Õ7Ì )ocessor @ ° d ONLN d+Ï7 ) . This ° d ONLN d 8 äDh (A ä1device has complete 32-bit, non-multiplexed, addr U` ° d ONLN dO8hD˚ )fi#ess and data buses. It has sixteen ° d ONLN drE äQ. (N ä$32-bit general purpose data and addr ñ‡ ° d ONLN dñE.QA )§ess r Ä ° d ONLN dõEBQÒ ))egisters, as well as two special-purpose ° d ONLN dƒR ä^ ç ([ är E ° d ONLN d≈R é^ fl )egisters, and two r ø¿ ° d ONLN dÿR fl^§ )Q/egisters for stack pointers. The 256-byte instr Î` ° d ONLN dR§^ø )≈uction ‘` ° d ONLN d
R¿^¬ ) T` ° d ONLN dR√^ )cache and the ° d ONLN d _ äk (h äV256-byte data cache can be accessed at the same time. Dynamic bus sizing supports 8-, ° d ONLN drl äxó *
:16-, and 32-bit memories and peripherals. The MC68030 micr † ° d ONLN d¨lòxß (uòopr O@ ° d ONLN dØlßx )ocessor also supports ° d ONLN d≈y äÖ ù (Ç äcopr ,‡ ° d ONLN d…y ûÖè )5ocessors with the MC68000 interface, including IEEE fl :‡ ° d ONLN dˇyèÖÌ )Òoating-point support ° d ONLN d Ü äí ì (è äpr G ° d ONLN d Ü îíë )
5ovided by the MC68881/MC68882. Object code for the pr J` ° d ONLN d KÜëí )˝ ocessor is fully compatible ° d ONLN d gì äüO (ú ä,with that of the MC68020 and earlier devices ˝Ä ° d ONLN d ììOüQ )≈. ˇVt @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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og8ˇ∑ }≥Ü>Ê ’ ’ ’ ò , @U @U w d ∑π ’ ’ # x x ¡¿ z Ü `˙ `‡ 1@∏ `˘ # L L ¡‡ B Ü `˙ `– 1 < `˘ $ O]ÎykÒµ¨rı≠bûΩo‡˚ ΩÎ÷µ¯€÷3V∂µ˘ $ {]˙Mk·µ¨BÙ•bñ|o¿˚ [„÷∑x€÷=V∂¥`˘ $ CKbMkÒµ¨BÙ•g÷¸l¿˚ _„÷±¯€÷=V∂¥p˘ $ CKjMk—¨Bı≠Ê^˝o¿˚ _Î÷µ¯”÷=Vºµ¯˘
¯ Ù Ôˇ ¯ Ù ˝ˇ ¯˘ ?˝ˇ ¯ Ô 0˘ ˚ ¯ Ô ˘ ˚ ¯ Ô N`˛ ˚ ¯ Ô ‹ë◊n„6l˚ ¯ Ô R5 ö§ ò˚ ¯ Ô BM5ö߬ò˚ ¯ Ô BÅ5 ö§Jò˚ ¯ Ô LÒ’j£2h˚ ¯ Ô 0 ˚ 8˚ ¯ Ô ˚ x˚ ò , Ä ¿U Ä ¿U ˜ d7π ¯ Ô ˘ˇ ˚ ¯ Ô ˘ˇ ‡˚
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Figure 1-3 ° d ONLN d \ Ã g+ )BPowerBook Duo simplifi Å` ° d ONLN d ! \+ go )_ed block diagram
° d ONLN d 2 ä& Ó (# äThe main system contr Ò ° d ONLN d G Ó&- )doller (MSC) pr .Ä ° d ONLN d U.&~ )@ovides 32-bit addr W¿ ° d ONLN d g~& )P essing to support the MC68030 ° d ONLN d Ö' ä3 ì (0 äpr G ° d ONLN d á' î3 ¥ )
ocessor ñ ° d ONLN d é' µ3 ‚ )! ’s 32-bit ar eÄ ° d ONLN d ö' „3 ). chitectur @ ° d ONLN d £'
AC (digital fi † ° d ONLN d∑NbZ¸ ):#lter audio chip.) The MSC has inte- ° d ONLN d€[ äg (d ägrated power saving featur åÄ ° d ONLN dı[gÈ )x2es, and works with the Power Manager chip to contr ‡ ° d ONLN d'[Íg )Ë
ol system ° d ONLN d1h ät ≈ (q ä power planes M` ° d ONLN d=h Δt » )< ° d ONLN d?z äÜ1 (É ä%Power management is a critical featur a‡ ° d ONLN ddz1Üù )ße of a portable computer fl` ° d ONLN d|zúÜ )k, and the PowerBook Duo ° d ONLN dîá äì ª (ê ä uses a micr º` ° d ONLN düá ªì ◊ )1ocontr ` ° d ONLN d•á ◊ì ˛ )
oller (the § ° d ONLN dØá ˇìI )( Power Manager ° d ONLN dΩáJìe )K) to pr Á‡ ° d ONLN dƒádì )$ovide intelligent power management. ° d ONLN dËî ä† (ù äMuch of the Power Manager ΔÄ ° d ONLN dî †h )’s functionality is in fi g ° d ONLN dîi†á )`rmwar I¿ ° d ONLN d îᆌ ) e, making the ar a¿ ° d ONLN d/٠)G chitectur Ä ° d ONLN d8îı†¸ )'e ° d ONLN d:° ä≠ ˆ (™ äeasily extensible to futur ∂Ä ° d ONLN dT° ˆ≠. )l
e portable pr -Ä ° d ONLN da°/≠Q )9oducts. ᇠ° d ONLN di°Q≠W )"Y H` ° d ONLN dj°W≠~ ) ou will fi ·‡ ° d ONLN dt°~≠û )'nd mor ]Ä ° d ONLN dz°ü≠˚ )!e information on the
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° d ONLN d \ l hÄ ( e l<Power Manager and its functions in the section “Power Requir õ¿ ° d ONLN d < \Ä h˜ ( eÄements and Management” ° d ONLN d S i l uA ( r l,in Chapter 2, “PowerBook Duo Main Logic Boar É@ ° d ONLN d iA uN )’d.” ° d ONLN d É { l á ( Ñ lThe ª¿ ° d ONLN d á { á ˙ )gray-scale controller (GSC) Ä ° d ONLN d ¢ { ˚ á )| contr A ° d ONLN d ® { áö ) ols the interface between the fl ∏¿ ° d ONLN d » {ö ᇠ)Üat panel display † ° d ONLN d ÿ {‡ áı )F, the ° d ONLN d fi à l î œ ( ë lvideo RAM and the pr † ° d ONLN d Ú à œ î Ô )cocessor π¿ ° d ONLN d ˘ à Ô î Ù ) . å ° d ONLN d ˚ à Ù î ˙ )Y L† ° d ONLN d ¸ à ˙ î! ) ou will fi Ê ° d ONLN d à! îA )'nd mor a¿ ° d ONLN d àB î¿ )! e information on video contr ’† ° d ONLN d( à¿ îÊ )~
ol in the ° d ONLN d2 ï l ° ô ( û l
section “V î ° d ONLN d< ï ô °ƒ )-=ideo Components” in Chapter 2, “PowerBook Duo Main Logic Boar û` ° d ONLN dy ïƒ °— ( ûƒd.” ° d ONLN d} ß l ≥Ω ( ∞ lEThe PowerBook Duo sound system uses the main memory for the sound buf A† ° d ONLN d¬ ßæ ≥ ( ∞æfer î` ° d ONLN d≈ ß… ≥Ì ) . Sound ° d ONLN dÕ ¥ l ¿ ( Ω l%logic on the MSC accesses this memory f‡ ° d ONLN dÚ ¥ ¿º )¨%. In addition to sound playback and r 9† ° d ONLN d ¥º ¿Œ )§ecor Æ ° d ONLN d ¥Œ ¿˜ )
ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d≥C lR% (N lMemory and Storage Capacity ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (N1
° d ONLN dœY leã (b l;PowerBook Duo DRAM capacity is 4 MBs on the main logic boar SÄ ° d ONLN d
Yãeñ (bãd. ‡ ° d ONLN d
Yñe’ )
An expansion ° d ONLN df lr (o l"connector accommodates 4MB or 8MB p‡ ° d ONLN d<frï )¨Apple DRAM expansion car }` ° d ONLN dTfïrÆ )}ds, pr ù@ ° d ONLN dZfÆr⁄ )
oviding a ° d ONLN dds l« (| lIpotential 8 or 12 megabytes of DRAM. Using 16-megabit DRAMs, and the curr ¨@ ° d ONLN d≠s«◊ (|«ent ° d ONLN d±Ä lå ˙ (â l industry packaging scheme, thir fi@ ° d ONLN d–Ä ˙åø )é+d-party developers can design expansion car V¿ ° d ONLN d˚Ä¿å‡ )Δds that ° d ONLN dç lôı (ñ lVexpand total memory capacity up to 24 MB. Using a special packaging design (described ° d ONLN dYö l¶ â *
in mor »@ ° d ONLN d_ö â¶O ) *e detail in Chapter 6, “DRAM Expansion Car 5 ° d ONLN dâöP¶¢ )«ds”) not yet qualifi ‡ ° d ONLN dùö£¶Ω )Sed by °† ° d ONLN d£öΩ¶Ô )
Apple, it is ° d ONLN d∞ß l≥ É (∞ ltheor ó‡ ° d ONLN dµß É≥ ):etically possible to extend capacity to 32 megabytes. Ther Ù‡ ° d ONLN dÔß≥fl )¸e is one megabyte of r R@ ° d ONLN d߇≥Ú )aead ° d ONLN d ¥ l¿T (Ω l1only memory (ROM). The system has an integral har ° d ONLN d:¥U¿Ó )È"d disk with 80- or 120-MB capacity y¿ ° d ONLN d\¥Ì¿Ú )ò. ° d ONLN d^¡ lÕÈ ( lRIt uses memory-mapped I/O, mapping each peripheral I/O device to its own block of ° d ONLN d∞Œ l⁄ u *
pr G ° d ONLN d≤Œ v⁄ æ )
ocessor memory •¿ ° d ONLN d¿Œ Ω⁄ ø )G. ° d ONLN d¬‡ lÏ ∂ (È lThese subjects ar „ ° d ONLN d”‡ ∂Ï )Je described in mor œ† ° d ONLN d‡ϒ )R/e detail in the section “Memory” in Chapter 2, ° d ONLN dÌ l˘ (ˆ l “PowerBook Duo Main Logic Boar ‡` ° d ONLN d2Ì˘ü )ô#d,” and in Chapter 3, “Internal Har ä¿ ° d ONLN dŬ˘ƒ )õd Disk.”
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° d ONLN dl% l1 Ù (. lThe PowerBook Duo supports o` ° d ONLN dá% Ù1 )àAppleT "† ° d ONLN dç%1V )!alk and LocalT ¶‡ ° d ONLN dõ%U1n )@alk pr eÄ ° d ONLN d°%o1† ) otocols, thr v¿ ° d ONLN d≠%†1Û )1ough its SCC port. ° d ONLN d¿2 l>; (; l0It also has integral modem and fax capabilities.
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° d ONLN d h lt (q lThe ]` ° d ONLN d h t› )MApple Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) bus is used to daisy-chain SCSI ° d ONLN d fu lÅ ö (~ l devices to ƒ` ° d ONLN d qu öÅ´ ).9Apple personal computers. The Serial Communications Contr Ì ° d ONLN d ™u´Åfi (~´ oller (SCC) ° d ONLN d ∂Ç lé Ç (ã lcontr >Ä ° d ONLN d ªÇ Éé )"ols one serial port that may be pr ≤ ° d ONLN d ›Çét )ëogrammed for synchr ñ‡ ° d ONLN d Çté∂ )`onous, asynchr ;Ä ° d ONLN d ˛Ç∑é‚ )C
onous, or ° d ONLN d
è lõ ç (ò lAppleT 3@ ° d ONLN d
è çõ ¶ )!alk pr Ò‡ ° d ONLN d
è ¶õS )&otocols. The SCSI and SCC functions ar Δ@ ° d ONLN d
:èSõÂ )≠"e handled by a single chip called ° d ONLN d
]ú l®fl (• lTthe combo chip. This integration, while conserving physical space on the main logic ° d ONLN d
Since ther ’¿ ° d ONLN d i µ u¢ )+9e is only one serial port, and that port can be used for ° d ONLN d M u ä Å ® ( ~ äLocalT ü† ° d ONLN d S u ß Å ) alk, compatibility pr W ° d ONLN d h u ÅS )Zoblems may arise. ,
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° d ONLN d Ö ë ä ü ( õ äModem and Fax Links ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ ( õ1
° d ONLN d ô • ä ± Ú ( Æ äCommunications featur @@ ° d ONLN d Æ • Û ± )ies ar ㇠° d ONLN d ≥ • ±˘ )7e a vital part of this portable machine. The PowerBook ° d ONLN d Î ≤ ä æ* ( ª ä$Duo must be able to support local ar EÄ ° d ONLN d ≤+ æ£ )°ea networking and wide-ar .` ° d ONLN d( ≤£ ææ )xea wir |` ° d ONLN d. ≤æ æ )ed connectivity @ ° d ONLN d= ≤ æ )C. ° d ONLN d? ø ä À À ( » äBuilt-in LocalT c@ ° d ONLN dN ø À À Ù )A
alk satisfi @ ° d ONLN dY ø ı Àπ )**es the need for medium-speed LAN (local ar l¿ ° d ONLN dÉ øπ À )ƒea network), and ° d ONLN dî à ä ÿ ô ( ’ äwir Ñ` ° d ONLN dó à ô ÿ Ú )ed connectivity is pr #Ä ° d ONLN d¨ Ã Û ÿÊ )Z6ovided in the form of a PSTN (public switch telephone ° d ONLN d„ Ÿ ä  Ÿ ( ‚ änetwork) modem. ` ° d ONLN dÚ Ÿ ⁄  ‹ )P ° d ONLN dÙ Î ä ˜ ∫ ( Ù ä In the inter ° d ONLN d Î ª ˜% )1ests of cost and layout fl |‡ ° d ONLN d Î% ˜H )j exibility N ° d ONLN d# ÎH ˜è )#, the modem car cÄ ° d ONLN d2 Îè ˜’ )Gd is plugged dir „ ° d ONLN dB Î’ ˜ )Fectly into the ° d ONLN dQ ¯ ä Œ ( ämain logic boar Ä ° d ONLN d` ¯ œ ‡ )Ed. T l ° d ONLN dd ¯ fld ) wo versions of the modem car £ ° d ONLN dÄ ¯du )Öd ar ‡ ° d ONLN dÑ ¯v
)#e available. The domestic version, ° d ONLN dß ä ‹ ( äwith integral DAA ¬ ° d ONLN d∏ ‹
)RF (data access arrangement), is used in the United States, Canada, and ° d ONLN d˛ ä ¸ ( äXJapan. The international version is used in all other overseas countries. It has a discr X ° d ONLN dV¸ (¸ete ° d ONLN dZ ä+ ° (( äDAA ? ° d ONLN d] °+( ) that can be changed to suit dif Ä¿ ° d ONLN d} (+4 )áfer c@ ° d ONLN dÄ 4+¸ ) ,ent telephone systems, without changing the ° d ONLN d¨, ä8 ª (5 ä modem car 8 ° d ONLN dµ, º8s )2'd, or the PowerBook Duo main logic boar ë ° d ONLN d‹,s8{ )∑d. ° d ONLN dfl> äJ À (G ä The modem pr ¿ ° d ONLN dÎ> ÃJU )B ovides full-duplex and asynchr º¿ ° d ONLN d >UJ˘ )â%onous data operation, supporting all ° d ONLN d.K äW — (T äpopular standar ç` ° d ONLN d=K —W ˛ )G
ds up to V ` ° d ONLN dGK ˛W )-C.32 bis (14000 bps). It also supports facsimile (fax) transmission ° d ONLN däX äd ° (a äand r ≤ ° d ONLN dèX °d9 ) eception. The modem supports err ° d ONLN dØX:dC )ôor S† ° d ONLN d±XCdë ) -detection and err È ° d ONLN d√Xëdö )Nor #† ° d ONLN d≈Xõd∞ )
-corr ‡ ° d ONLN d X∞d◊ ) ection pr Ä ° d ONLN d”X◊d )'
otocols, and ° d ONLN d‡e äq Ω (n ä
data-compr ≤‡ ° d ONLN dÍe Ωq )3Kession algorithms. Chapter 5, “Internal Modem,” deals with this subject in ° d ONLN d5r ä~ ú ({ ämor éÄ ° d ONLN d8r ú~ æ ) e detail.
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° d ONLN dR™ ä∂ ê (≥ äY @Ä ° d ONLN dS™ ê∂S )*ou can interact with the PowerBook Duo thr U ° d ONLN d}™S∂∏ )√ough the video display ° d ONLN dì™∏∂‡ )e , keyboar ¬ ° d ONLN dú™‡∂Ë )(d, ]‡ ° d ONLN dû™È∂Î ) ° d ONLN dü∑ ä√ … (¿ ätrackball, micr ˛` ° d ONLN dÆ∑ …√% )?ophone, and speaker [¿ ° d ONLN d¡∑%√' )\.
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° d ONLN d√‘ ä‚ í (fi äV J@ ° d ONLN dƒ‘ í‚ ı )ideo Display Panel ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ (fi1
° d ONLN d◊Ë äÙ Û (Ò äThe video display is a fl í ° d ONLN dË ÛÙ )i
at panel fi f¿ ° d ONLN d˚Ë Ù… ),%lm super twist nematic (FSTN) display 6 ° d ONLN d Ë…Ù· )™. It pr ° d ONLN d'Ë·Ù ) ovides a ° d ONLN d0ı ä€ (˛ äK640 x 400 pixel liquid crystal display (LCD), with on-demand cold cathode fl y ° d ONLN d|ı€Í (˛€uor ∫† ° d ONLN dıÍ )escent ° d ONLN dÜ ä ( äVlamp (CCFL) backlighting, and 1-, 2-, or 4-bit gray scale. The section “LCD Panel” in ° d ONLN d‹ ä *
Chapter 7, “Mechanical Featur c@ ° d ONLN d˘- )áes,” pr 1 ° d ONLN d ._ )
ovides mor Ê ° d ONLN d
_fl )1 e information on this subject.
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° d ONLN d2@ äL ¡ (I ä The keyboar e¿ ° d ONLN d=@ ¡Lfl )7Cd is an integral part of the PowerBook Duo. It is available in two ° d ONLN dÄM äY ü (V äconfi C‡ ° d ONLN dÖM †Yπ )@gurations: U.S. and International. The section “Integral Keyboar † ° d ONLN d≈MπY (Vπd” in Chapter 7, ° d ONLN d÷Z äf ‡ (c ä“Mechanical Featur ˙ ° d ONLN dËZ ‡f ¸ )Ves,” pr «‡ ° d ONLN dÔZ ˝fÉ ) ovides additional information.
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° d ONLN dw äÖ ë (Å äT c@ ° d ONLN dw ëÖ ∫ )rackball ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ (Å1
° d ONLN dã äók (î ä5The trackball is located in the center of the keyboar UÄ ° d ONLN dMãkóë )·
d. It fulfi ‚@ ° d ONLN dXãëó )& lls the functions of a mouse. ° d ONLN dvò ä§ Ó (° äThe section “Integral T Ö ° d ONLN dçò Ó§´ )d*rackball” in Chapter 7, “Mechanical Featur l` ° d ONLN d∑ò´§« )Ωes,” pr : ° d ONLN dæò»§ ) ovides further ° d ONLN dÕ• ä± ¡ (Æ ä information. ˇ\ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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° d ONLN d \ l j Ú ( f lMicrophone and Speaker ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ ( fÒ1
° d ONLN d p l |% ( y l%The PowerBook Duo computer has a micr _Ä ° d ONLN d < p% |ı )π.ophone input jack for sound input and output, ° d ONLN d j } l â à ( Ü land a built-in speaker 3` ° d ONLN d Ä } à ∠)`>. The section “Sound Components” in Chapter 2, “PowerBook Duo ° d ONLN d æ ä l ñ µ ( ì lMain Logic Boar ~@ ° d ONLN d Õ ä µ ñ œ )Id,” pr a ° d ONLN d ” ä œ ñ )
ovides mor ° d ONLN d › ä ñ~ )2 e information on this subject π‡ ° d ONLN d ˙ ä~ ñÄ )}.
° d ONLN d Ÿ l  s ( ‚ lA ∫† ° d ONLN d Ÿ s Â) )) 152-pin connector on the main logic boar q ° d ONLN d? Ÿ* Âÿ )∑'d allows expansion devices such as the ° d ONLN df Ê l Ú Ÿ ( Ô lPowerBook Duo Floppy Ñ ° d ONLN d{ Ê Ÿ Ú ˝ )mAdapter ™Ä ° d ONLN dÇ Ê ˝ ÚÌ )$1, Macintosh Duo MiniDock, and Macintosh Duo Dock ° d ONLN d≥ Û l ˇo ( ¸ l9to be interfaced to the PowerBook Duo, and gives them dir Ó` ° d ONLN dÏ Ûo ˇfl ( ¸oect access to the system’s ° d ONLN d l Å ( laddr |Ä ° d ONLN d Å ’ )ess, data, and contr I‡ ° d ONLN d ÷ „ )U=ol signals. See Chapter 4, “Input/Output Interfaces,” for mor N† ° d ONLN d\ „ Í ( „e ° d ONLN d^
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ˇˇu÷ ˇÆ ° d ONLN d Z ∫ w ( p ∫PowerBook Duo Main Logic
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(‡ *14 4 ^ *¿¯ ° d ONLN d \ l h“ ( e lMThis chapter describes the main elements on the PowerBook Duo main logic boar Δ¿ ° d ONLN d M \“ h ( e“d, and ° d ONLN d T i l u ê ( r l closely r @ ° d ONLN d ] i ë u ‹ )%elated subjects. T |Ä ° d ONLN d o i € u )J opics cover $` ° d ONLN d z i
u )2ed in this chapter include: ,
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° d ONLN d ñ l Ü q ( Ö ln
° d ONLN d ò | x à õ ) main pr T‡ ° d ONLN d ü | õ à ª )#ocessor
° d ONLN d ∫ † x ¨* ) memory - DRAM and DRAM expansion
° d ONLN d € µ l º q ( ª ln
° d ONLN d › ≤ x æ ± )
system ROM
° d ONLN d Ë « l Œ q ( Õ ln
° d ONLN d Í ƒ x – … ) main system contr µ` ° d ONLN d ˚ ƒ … – ˚ )Q oller (MSC)
° d ONLN d Ÿ l ‡ q ( fl ln
° d ONLN d ÷ x ‚ ö ) power r O‡ ° d ONLN d ÷ õ ‚ ≤ )#equir g ° d ONLN d ÷ ≤ ‚@ )ements and power management
° d ONLN d1 Î l Ú q ( Ò ln
° d ONLN d3 Ë x Ù ˘ ) combination SCSI/SCC contr @ ° d ONLN dM Ë ˙ Ù# )Ç
oller chip
° d ONLN dX ˝ l q ( ln
° d ONLN dZ ˙ x … ) video components
° d ONLN dk l q ( ln
° d ONLN dm x à ) sound components ° d ONLN d~ l) Ñ (& lFigur R¿ ° d ONLN dÉ Ñ) ò )e 2-1 @ ° d ONLN dà ò)I )& shows a block diagram of the computer φ ° d ONLN dÆ J)ò )≤’s main logic boar ` ° d ONLN d¿ ô)œ )O
d functions. ° d ONLN dŒ* l6 Ñ (3 lFigur R¿ ° d ONLN d”* Ñ6 ò )e 2-2 @ ° d ONLN dÿ* ò6 ƒ )
shows a r M ° d ONLN d‚* ≈6 ” )-epr ›‡ ° d ONLN dÂ* ”6J ) esentation of the logic boar ‚ ° d ONLN d*J6ÿ )w d outline, with key components.
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Figure 2-1 ° d ONLN d,N ÆYÆ )B=Block diagram of the PowerBook Duo main logic board functions
° d ONLN d D ä¸ ¿ (˘ ä The main pr ê† ° d ONLN d O ¿¸: )6ocessor is an MC68030 micr ñ¿ ° d ONLN d i:¸I )zopr ”` ° d ONLN d lI¸i )ocessor ßÄ ° d ONLN d si¸• ) . The 32-bit ar .Ä ° d ONLN d Ƕ¸Ã )= chitectur „@ ° d ONLN d ãø )&e of this device ° d ONLN d ú˝ ä 6 ( ä'supports separate 32-bit buses for addr »` ° d ONLN d √˝6 µ )¨ ess and data. The 32-bit addr ¿ ° d ONLN d ‡˝∂ ‚ )Ä
ess bus pr Ï@ ° d ONLN d Í˝· )+ ovides a ° d ONLN d Û
ä* ( ä$4-gigabyte logical and physical addr ıÄ ° d ONLN d
*W )† ess range. ’‡ ° d ONLN d"
X≥ ).Dynamic bus sizing Á ° d ONLN d4
≥ )[ supports 8-, 16-, and ° d ONLN dK ä# ( ä!32-bit memories and peripherals. ° d ONLN dm) ä5 ß *The pr LJ ° d ONLN ds) ß5 « ) ocessor —¿ ° d ONLN dz) »5 )! ’s 32-bit r °@ ° d ONLN dÖ) Ò5´ )),egister set consists of 16 general-purpose r + ° d ONLN d±)¨5ˇ )ªegisters, two super HÄ ° d ONLN dƒ)ˇ5 )S- ° d ONLN dΔ6 äBQ (? ä.visor stack pointers, and 10 special-purpose r È` ° d ONLN dÙ6QB )«+egisters. The 256-byte on-chip caches (one ° d ONLN d C äO ¯ (L äfor data and one for instr ÎÄ ° d ONLN d9C ¯O» )n0uctions) can both be accessed at the same time. ’` ° d ONLN diC…O˜ )—
Pipelined ° d ONLN dsP ä\ ¬ (Y ä
architecture ⁄‡ ° d ONLN dÄP ¬\ )8Mallows access to the internal caches in parallel with bus transfers. The bus ° d ONLN dÕ] äi † (f äcontr >Ä ° d ONLN d“] °i )oller supports asynchr ° d ONLN dË]iA )c
onous, synchr π† ° d ONLN dı]Ai )=-onous, and data-burst transfers. The MC68030 ° d ONLN d"j äv5 (s ä"supports the MC68881 and MC68882 fl † ° d ONLN dEj6vÉ )¨oating-point copr ‡ ° d ONLN dVjÉv™ )M ocessors. c` ° d ONLN d_j™v¨ )'
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° d ONLN d \ l hG ( e l/For detailed information about the MC68030 micr ≤` ° d ONLN d / \G hV )€opr Ô ° d ONLN d 2 \V h· ) ocessor used in the PowerBook ° d ONLN d P i l u à ( r lDuo, r ~‡ ° d ONLN d V i à u § ) efer to êÄ ° d ONLN d ] i § u ) The Enhanced 32-Bit Micr π¿ ° d ONLN d v i u )nopr ‡ ° d ONLN d y i uQ )
ocessor User ±` ° d ONLN d Ö iR uT )3’ Ï ° d ONLN d Ü iT uz )s Manual Ö‡ ° d ONLN d é i{ u} )'.
° d ONLN d ü ∏ l ƒZ ( ¡ l/The PowerBook Duo implements 32-bit memory addr h` ° d ONLN d Œ ∏Z ƒÙ )Ó ess-mapping. Memory mapping is ° d ONLN d Ì ≈ l — Ü ( Œ lthe pr §Ä ° d ONLN d Û ≈ Ü —A )*ocess of translating a logical memory addr ·† ° d ONLN d ≈A —ÿ )ª#ess into an arbitrary physical addr fi¿ ° d ONLN d@ ≈ÿ —Í )óess. ° d ONLN dE “ l fi4 ( € l-Mapping is essential in a complex, multi-user Ƈ ° d ONLN dr “4 fi )», multi-task envir n ° d ONLN dÑ “Ä fiÁ )Lonment, since it allows ° d ONLN dú fl l Î å ( Ë leach pr “` ° d ONLN d£ fl å Îp ) 4ogram or task to be assigned a separate logical addr wÄ ° d ONLN d◊ flq Ϊ )Âess space, and pr Ë` ° d ONLN dË flª ÎÏ )J events one ° d ONLN dÛ Ï l ¯ á ( ı ltask fr '` ° d ONLN d˙ Ï à ¯ ) om interfering with another Ƈ ° d ONLN d Ï ¯á )z . Mapping is performed on lar æ† ° d ONLN d2 Ïá ¯“ )Öge blocks of addr ° d ONLN dC Ï” ¯Î )Lesses ° d ONLN dI ˘ l‘ ( lLby the memory management unit (MMU), which contains tables that map logical ° d ONLN dï lñ *
?memory locations to physical memory locations. MMU functions ar %¿ ° d ONLN d‘ófi (óe integral to the ° d ONLN dÊ l ë ( l68030 pr « ° d ONLN dÓ ë ± )%ocessor õ@ ° d ONLN dı ± ≥ ) . ° d ONLN d˜% l1 Ñ (. lFigur R¿ ° d ONLN d¸% Ñ1 ò )e 2-3 @ ° d ONLN d% ò1J )' shows an overview of the physical addr d† ° d ONLN d(%K1fl )≥ ess space of the PowerBook Duo. ° d ONLN dI7 lC Ñ (@ lFigur R¿ ° d ONLN dN7 ÑC ¿ )e 2-4 on page ° d ONLN d\7 ¡C À )=18 ° d ONLN d^7 ÀCh )
% is a detailed map of the I/O space. T¿ ° d ONLN dÉ7hCÄ )ùFigur 'Ä ° d ONLN dà7ÄCº )e 2-5 on page Ê¿ ° d ONLN dñ7ºCΔ )<18 Ê¿ ° d ONLN dò7ΔCÁ )
shows ° d ONLN düD lP ˜ (M l space allocated to the video buf ã ° d ONLN døD ˜Pü )ã$fer and for pseudo-NuBus expansion. ˇTÜ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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Figure 2-3 ° d ONLN d \ Ã gá )B+Physical address space of the PowerBook Duo
pççRî&2@ Ä ¸ ˛ Ä˝ 0˜ ¸ ˛ ˝ Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0 »à$D˛ Û Ä Û 0 TZ™˛ Û Ä Û 0 âTZ™˛ Û Ä Û 0 UTZ™˛ Û Ä Û 0 àà$D˛ Û Ä Û 0 ˙ Û Ä ?Úˇˆ?ÚˇÄ Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä ˝ x˚ 0˜ ¸ ¿Ä@¸ Ä ˝ D2)"¸ 0˜ ¸ !ëI˝ Ä ˝ ƒW*v¸ 0˜ ¸ "πS∞˝ Ä ˝ ƒT*C¸ 0˜ ¸ "°R˝ Ä ' ˝ ∏2"¸ 0 »à$D˛ ¸ ¡ê…˝ Ä Û 0 TZ™˛ Û Ä Û 0 ïTZ™˛ Û Ä Û 0 UTZ™˛ Û Ä Û 0 àà$D˛ Û Ä Û 0 ˙ Û Ä ?Úˇˆ?ÚˇÄ Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä Û 0˜ Û Ä ! ∫ ˚ 0˜ ˛ =—˛ @¸ Ä & «a ')8XàÄ 0˜ ˛
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° d ONLN d ô ä • ( ¢ ä This section deals with memory r ã¿ ° d ONLN d ' ô •4 )ìequir £ ° d ONLN d , ô4 •¯ )+ements for the PowerBook Duo. It describes ° d ONLN d W ¶ ä ≤ ∞ ( Ø äDRAM r l¿ ° d ONLN d ] ¶ ∞ ≤ « )&equir Ñ ° d ONLN d b ¶ « ≤à )6ements, DRAM expansion capabilities, system ROM specifi P† ° d ONLN d ô ¶Õ ≤ ( ØÕcations, and bar ° d ONLN d ™ ≥ ä øm ( º ä0declaration ROM interaction with the system ROM.
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d € ’ ä ‰ ≤ *$DRAM ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r ( ‡2
° d ONLN d∂}ù )ocessor fi ° d ONLN dΩú ) , and 80ns with the 25Hz ° d ONLN d÷ ä û ( ämicr q† ° d ONLN d⁄ û ≠ )opr Æ@ ° d ONLN d› ≠ Õ )ocessor Ç` ° d ONLN d‰ Õ ) . Both banks ar Ä ° d ONLN dÛ % )Be har ÒÄ ° d ONLN d¯$ H )d solder “Ä ° d ONLN d H µ )$ed to the main logic boar b† ° d ONLN d∂ ¡ )nd. ° d ONLN d ¡ » ) A Z† ° d ONLN d »
) typical DRAM ° d ONLN d+ ä+H (( ä)bank contains four 512K x 8-bit DRAMs, pr 8` ° d ONLN dT I+¸ )ø%oviding two megabytes of basic memory @ ° d ONLN dy ˚+˝ )≤. p@ ° d ONLN dz ˛+ ) ° d ONLN d|1 ä= ≤ (: äThe addr ∏@ ° d ONLN dÑ1 ≤=4 )( ess map for the DRAM is stor Ú` ° d ONLN d†14=„ )Ç$ed in the MMU. Memory sizing softwar }¿ ° d ONLN dƒ1‰=Î )∞e ° d ONLN dΔ> äJ (G ä calculates what banks of RAM ar
° d ONLN dÂ> J
)í8e in use, gives the size of each bank, and combines the ° d ONLN d K äW (T äTsegments in the table, so that the operating system sees contiguous blocks of memory ‡ ° d ONLN dqKW (T. ° d ONLN dsX äd ú (a äMor /¿ ° d ONLN dvX ùdO )%e information on memory mapping is pr r ° d ONLN dõXOdŒ )≤ ovided earlier in this chapter 8Ä ° d ONLN dπXŒd ), in the section ° d ONLN d e äq Á (n ä“Memory Mapping.” LÄ ° d ONLN d€e Ëq Í )^
d. The one designed by ¶@ ° d ONLN d]™ ∂˝ )i8Apple is a plug-in unit with space for 16 DRAMs. The car 8† ° d ONLN dï™˛∂ )˛d ° d ONLN dó∑ ä√> (¿ ä*plugs into the side of the main logic boar ”¿ ° d ONLN d¡∑>√Ò )¥'d, and extends memory capacity by 4 or ° d ONLN dȃ ä– È (Õ ä8 megabytes. This car Y@ ° d ONLN d˛ƒ È–Û )_:d is described in detail in Chapter 6, “DRAM Expansion Car R ° d ONLN d8ƒÛ– (ÕÛds.” ° d ONLN d=— ä› (⁄ ä Using 16 megabit DRAMs, thir “ ° d ONLN dY—›ˇ )à2d-party developers can design memory expansion car 3Ä ° d ONLN dã— › )Óds ° d ONLN défi äÍy (Á ä3that expand total DRAM capacity up to 24 megabytes.
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d¬ ä € *$
System ROM ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r ( 2
° d ONLN dÕ ä"& ( ä!The PowerBook Duo toolbox is stor 8† ° d ONLN dÓ'"å )ùed in a one-megabyte r P† ° d ONLN då" )eead-only memory (ROM). ° d ONLN d# ä/€ (, äIThis ROM also contains information about the machine, including base addr # ° d ONLN dd#‹/ (,‹ ess space, ° d ONLN do0 ä< (9 ä initialization VIA, NuBus confi f‡ ° d ONLN dé0<Ë )â+guration, DRAM arrangement, and CPU identifi ıÄ ° d ONLN d∫0Ë< )’cation ° d ONLN d¡= äI ç (F är E ° d ONLN d¬= éI ´ )egister ` ° d ONLN d…= ´I ≠ ) . Ñ` ° d ONLN d = ≠I Ø ) ° d ONLN dÃO ä[j (X ä+The PowerBook Duo system ROM has been modifi [ ° d ONLN d¯Ok[ )·"ed to allow the memory management ° d ONLN d\ äh¨ (e ä>unit (MMU) table to be set up for the PowerBook Duo’s new addr ¢` ° d ONLN dX\¨h (e¨ess map. This table ° d ONLN dli äu Δ (r ä
contains addr Ï¿ ° d ONLN dyi Δu˙ )<Cesses for items such as ROM, video RAM, and the expansion device’s ° d ONLN dºv äÇ ÿ ( ädeclaration ROM. ˇÊ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ—Ú ˇÆ ( @ l PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board 4⁄ *˙¯
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d \ l k0 ( g l Docking Manager Calls on ROM ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r ( g2
° d ONLN d r l ~ ¿ ( { lPowerBook Duo ar ß ° d ONLN d - r ¿ ~ Ê )T chitectur [‡ ° d ONLN d 6 r Á ~N )'e allows you to add har @ ° d ONLN d M rO ~f )hdwar I ° d ONLN d Q rf ~á )e featur æ† ° d ONLN d Y rá ~Ë )!es to the computer by ° d ONLN d o l ãå ( à l=means of expansion devices, such as the PowerBook Duo Floppy ∂Ä ° d ONLN d ¨ å ã∞ ( àåAdapter ‹‡ ° d ONLN d ≥ ∞ ㈠)$, the Macintosh ° d ONLN d √ å l ò‹ ( ï lODuo MiniDock, and the Macintosh Duo Dock. These devices connect to the 152-pin ° d ONLN d ô l • º *
connector on the r V ° d ONLN d$ ô º •- )Pear panel of the computer B‡ ° d ONLN d= ô- •‰ )q). When any expansion device is attached, ° d ONLN dg ¶ l ≤ Ç ( Ø lpin 1 /@ ° d ONLN dl ¶ Ç ≤6 )(14 on the main expansion connector is gr y† ° d ONLN dî ¶6 ≤Ï )¥)ounded out, and this alerts the computer ° d ONLN dΩ ≥ l ø ë ( º l to the pr ‹` ° d ONLN dΔ ≥ ë ø )% esence of an expansion device. ° d ONLN d ≈ l — ™ ( Œ lThe logic boar CÄ ° d ONLN dÛ ≈ ´ —‚ )?Cds of expansion devices such as the Macintosh Duo MiniDock and the ° d ONLN d6 “ l fi[ ( € l3Macintosh Duo Dock contain a declaration ROM. It pr é ° d ONLN di “[ fi )Ô!ovides the mechanism to identify ° d ONLN dä fl l ÎS ( Ë l6the type of expansion device, to describe the data str ¥ ° d ONLN d¿ flS Îj )Áuctur : ° d ONLN d≈ flk ΰ )
es, and to pr ¨¿ ° d ONLN d“ fl° Î√ )6ovide a ° d ONLN d⁄ Ï l ¯ u ( ı lpr G ° d ONLN d‹ Ï v ¯Ú )
Vogrammable interface. It allows the user to attach the expansion device without using ° d ONLN d2 ˘ l Å ( lconfi C‡ ° d ONLN d7 ˘ Ç! )$guration switches or special softwar \ ° d ONLN d[ ˘!™ )ü e. The declaration ROM also pr ‰¿ ° d ONLN dy ˘™fl )â ovides new ° d ONLN dÑ l ƒ ( ldevice drivers and r ˆ@ ° d ONLN dò ƒ )Xoutines that ar ê¿ ° d ONLN dß )@0e used by the system ROM. This means the system ° d ONLN d◊ l “ ( lROM need not be awar ˆ ° d ONLN dÎ “ ` )f e of each and every type of confi Á ° d ONLN d a ã )è
guration. ° d ONLN d% l1 (. lThe ]` ° d ONLN d% 1
)Apple PowerBook Duo Floppy _ ° d ONLN d6%
1… )ã)Adapter does not have a declaration ROM. Ë ° d ONLN d_%…1 )øAbsence ° d ONLN dg2 l> (; l!of the declaration ROM when pin 1 ∫¿ ° d ONLN dà2>& )õ14 is gr 4@ ° d ONLN dê2'>â ) ounded implies the pr =¿ ° d ONLN d•2â>¿ )b
esence of an ’† ° d ONLN d≤2¿>› )7Apple ° d ONLN d∏? lK Ÿ (H lPowerBook Duo Floppy Ñ ° d ONLN dÕ? ŸK ˝ )mAdapter ™Ä ° d ONLN d‘? ˝K ˇ )$.
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° d ONLN d÷X lc (` lNote
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° d ONLN d€e lq Ü *Some ÙÄ ° d ONLN d‡e Üq € )Apple documents r . ° d ONLN dÒe ‹qu )V#efer to the declaration ROM as the ° d ONLN dq l} Å (z lconfi C‡ ° d ONLN dq Ç} ƒ )
guration ROM. ,
Zapf Dingbats
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° d ONLN d1Ç lé (ã lThe ]` ° d ONLN d5Ç é# )!Appendix, “Declaration ROM Specifi §` ° d ONLN dWÇ#éV )§ cations,” pr ä` ° d ONLN dcÇVéÒ )3#ovides detailed information on the ° d ONLN dÜè lõ ∫ (ò ldeclaration ROM.
ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d 4 lC (? lIntegrated VIAs ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (?2
° d ONLN d-J lV û (S l
The MSC’s ° d ONLN d7J üV ≤ )3VIA PÄ ° d ONLN d:J ≤V ¥ ) –Ä ° d ONLN d;J ¥V3 ) (versatile interface adapter) r ú ° d ONLN dZJ4Vo )Äegisters contr î` ° d ONLN dhJoVÎ ); ol the interface between the ° d ONLN dÖW lc u (` lpr G ° d ONLN dáW vcn )
6ocessor and other elements in the CPU. Some of the VIA ? ° d ONLN dΩWnct )¯ r Ñ ° d ONLN døWtc° ) egisters ar LJ ° d ONLN d W°cfi )-e of historical ° d ONLN d⁄d lp Ä (m linter
¿ ° d ONLN dfld Åp ¬ )est only and ar D@ ° d ONLN dÓd ¬pn )A$e not used in the PowerBook Duo confi ˝¿ ° d ONLN ddnpÍ )¨ guration. Data written to or ° d ONLN d0q l} o (z lr E ° d ONLN d1q p} â )ead fr √@ ° d ONLN d7q â}3 ))om these historical locations is invalid. ˇå @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ—Ú ˇÆ ( @ ä PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board 4⁄ ä˙ (‡ äMain System Controller
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° d ONLN d \ ä j ë ( f äT c@ ° d ONLN d \ ë j )iming and Interrupt Control ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ ( f2
° d ONLN d p ä | ± ( y ä Certain r î` ° d ONLN d & p ± | Ï )'egisters contr å† ° d ONLN d 4 p Ï | ); ol interr Ä ° d ONLN d = p |ä )$upts and enable the softwar é ° d ONLN d X pä | )ze to determine the sour ¶‡ ° d ONLN d o p | )fce of ° d ONLN d u } ä â ñ ( Ü ädif ™` ° d ONLN d x } ñ â ¢ ) fer å‡ ° d ONLN d { } ¢ â Ú ) ent levels of interr ë‡ ° d ONLN d è } Ú â )Pupts. ° d ONLN d ï è ä õ ° ( ò äThe r Ä¿ ° d ONLN d ö è ° õ )egisters also contr ì‡ ° d ONLN d ≠ è õÔ )O9ol timing and clock inputs to the Combo chip for the SCC ° d ONLN d Ê ú ä ® ( • äinterface, and to the GSC fl M ° d ONLN d ú ®a )wat-panel display contr ‚ ° d ONLN d úa ®u )`oller '@ ° d ONLN d úu ®w ).
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° d ONLN d π ä « ∏ ( √ äMemory ° d ONLN d& π ∏ « ).Access and Control ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ ( √2
° d ONLN d9 Õ ä Ÿ˚ ( ÷ äPThe MSC supports up to eight banks of 512K x 8 DRAMs, or four banks of 512K x 8 ° d ONLN dâ ⁄ ä ʆ *
8DRAMs and four banks of 2M x 8 DRAMs. The MSC also contr Á@ ° d ONLN d¡ ⁄† Ê ( „†ols the ROM and VSRAM ° d ONLN d◊ Á ä Û> ( ä'(video static RAM) used in the computer € ° d ONLN d˛ Á= Ûü )≥. The VIA2 RAM confi # ° d ONLN d Á† Ûà )c
guration r bÄ ° d ONLN d Áà ÛÎ ),egister ° d ONLN d$ Ù ä ≠ ( ˝ ä>determines how much RAM is installed in each bank. The softwar ˇ¿ ° d ONLN db Ù≠ ( ˝≠e uses the information ° d ONLN dy ä
(
äto select the RAM addr gÄ ° d ONLN dè
)f@essing scheme that places an image of the sound FIFO at the top ° d ONLN dœ ä ‚ ( äof the physical addr ɇ ° d ONLN d„ ‚ )X@ess space for the installed RAM. RAM banks 0–3 always appear in ° d ONLN d# ä' π ($ ä
the same fi D¿ ° d ONLN d. ∫' · )0xed addr œ@ ° d ONLN d6 ·' )'@ess spaces. Banks 4–7 change, depending on whether 512K x 8, or ° d ONLN dw( ä4 œ (1 ä2M x 8 banks ar ° d ONLN dÜ( –4 ˇ )F e installed. ° d ONLN dì: äF Ê (C äThe MSC generates r | ° d ONLN d¶: ÊFœ )\8ead and write timing for the serial ports. It also contr õÄ ° d ONLN dfi:œF )Èols SCSI access ° d ONLN dÓG äS ì (P äpr G ° d ONLN dG îS ¸ )
otocols, and generates r a ° d ONLN dG ¸S‹ )h3ead and write timing for accesses, with or without ° d ONLN d;T ä` Δ (] ä handshaking.
The MSC contr Δ@ ° d ONLN d_å Ãòı )BAols a number of functions for the PowerBook Duo sound system. It ° d ONLN d†ô ä•Z (¢ ä.translates each CPU access to the Sound FIFO r h` ° d ONLN dŒôZ• )–*egister into a RAM access, using the FIFO ° d ONLN d¯¶ ä≤ (Ø ä pointer to generate the RAM addr û† ° d ONLN d¶ ≤ )ñ7ess. The MSC monitors the status of the sound FIFO. It ° d ONLN dO≥ äø µ (º ä
also contr Y` ° d ONLN dY≥ µøu )+(ols sound volume by means of the Sound V s@ ° d ONLN dÅ≥tøñ )øolume r ∫‡ ° d ONLN dà≥ñø≥ )"egister z@ ° d ONLN dè≥≥øÈ ) , with all 1's ° d ONLN dû¿ äà ì (… äpr G ° d ONLN d†¿ îÃq )
2oducing the highest volume, and all 0’s the lowest üÄ ° d ONLN d“¿qÃv )›. ° d ONLN d’“ äfi (€ ä The MSC’s Sound Clock Rate r (¿ ° d ONLN dÒ“fiv )àegister sets the standar ∫` ° d ONLN d “vfiÁ )dd Macintosh clock rate of ° d ONLN d$fl äÎ (Ë ä!22.25454 kHz, which is derived fr Ω ° d ONLN dEfl η )ì)om the 15.6672 MHz clock. The Sound Recor ¿ ° d ONLN dnfl‚Î )≈d/Play ° d ONLN duÏ ä¯ ç (ı är E ° d ONLN dvÏ é¯ )egister specifi ؇ ° d ONLN dÖÏ ¯^ )<#es the sample rate to be used for r @ ° d ONLN d®Ï_¯q )ïecor † ° d ONLN d¨Ïq¯˘ ) d or play mode. The MSC also ° d ONLN d…˘ ä † ( äcontr >Ä ° d ONLN dŒ˘ ° Δ ) ols a har o¿ ° d ONLN d◊˘ Δ › )%dwar ßÄ ° d ONLN d€˘ ›Y )e handshake between the pr äÄ ° d ONLN dı˘Y≈ )|ocessor and the digital fi ô† ° d ONLN d˘≈Ú )l lter audio ° d ONLN d ä ∞ ( ächip (DF ° d ONLN d# ∞ ƒ )&AC).
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d(( ä7 fi (3 ä Power Saving ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (32
° d ONLN d5> äJ ‡ (G äThe system softwar ↠° d ONLN dG> ‡J‡ )V7e uses the MSC to conserve power when the computer is r ê¿ ° d ONLN d~>‡J (G‡
° d ONLN d " ô l •G ( ¢ l+The PowerBook Duo’s power management featur àÄ ° d ONLN d M ôG •£ )€e is known as EverW F ° d ONLN d ` ô£ •˜ )\atch. It is made up ° d ONLN d t ¶ l ≤ √ ( Ø lof the following har φ ° d ONLN d à ¶ √ ≤ ⁄ )Wdwar $` ° d ONLN d å ¶ € ≤ Í )e, fi ˙¿ ° d ONLN d ë ¶ Í ≤ )rmwar ›` ° d ONLN d ñ ¶ ≤F ) e, and softwar x‡ ° d ONLN d § ¶G ≤x )? e elements: ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN d ∞ º l √ q ( ¬ ln
° d ONLN d ≤ π x ≈ — ) The Power Manager ¢¿ ° d ONLN d √ π — ≈ )Y, a custom micr ‘† ° d ONLN d “ π ≈0 )Cocontr † ° d ONLN d ÿ π1 ≈E ) oller M¿ ° d ONLN d › πD ≈s ) , that contr ‚` ° d ONLN d È πs ≈ˆ )/ ols all other power functions, ° d ONLN d ≈ x — ˇ ( Œ xincluding modem power contr ` ° d ONLN d# ≈ ˇ —â )á ol, battery monitoring and char Í` ° d ONLN dB ≈â —ı )äging, sequencing for the ° d ONLN d[ — x › Ü ( ⁄ xhar ` ° d ONLN d^ — á › ¥ ) d disk, scr Ù† ° d ONLN di — ≥ › ),een and backlight contr Ä ° d ONLN dÄ — ›ü )h ol for the video display panel, †Ä ° d ONLN dü —ü ›Î )Ñ parameter RAM ° d ONLN dÆ › x È é ( Ê xcontr >Ä ° d ONLN d≥ › è È ¿ ) ol, keyboar F` ° d ONLN dæ › ¿ È" )1d scanning, quadratur 8 ° d ONLN d” ›" È° )b e encoding for trackballs, DF {‡ ° d ONLN d ›† È» )~AC contr ò† ° d ONLN d¯ ›» È )(ol, the ° d ONLN d È x ı { ( Ú xr E ° d ONLN d È | ı æ )eal-time clock, ` ° d ONLN d È æ ıÿ )B>Apple Desktop Bus mastership, generation of a 1-Hz clock, and ° d ONLN dO ı x — ( ˛ xmiscellaneous interr Ô† ° d ONLN dc ı — Á )Yupts.
° d ONLN di
l q ( ln
° d ONLN dk x ‹ ) The main system contr Ò ° d ONLN dÄ ‹H )doller (MSC), which contr x@ ° d ONLN dòI˜ )m&ols power to the CPU and to the sound ° d ONLN dæ x ô ( xsystem.
° d ONLN dΔ( l/ q (. ln
° d ONLN d»% x1 Ì ) The static RAM which stor L‡ ° d ONLN d·% Ó1P )ves the Power Manager í† ° d ONLN dı%Q1Ê )c"’s operating system, and the code ° d ONLN d1 x= fi (: xexecuted by the device.
° d ONLN d/F lM q (L ln
° d ONLN d1C xO Œ ) Supporting softwar £@ ° d ONLN dCC ŒO Ï )Ve code.
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN dKd ls Ï (o lThe Power Manager ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (o2
° d ONLN d^z lÜ (É l The 68HC05 Power Manager is an `‡ ° d ONLN d}zÜΩ )ô)Apple custom chip. Its operating system r ‡ ° d ONLN d¶zæÜ€ )πesides ° d ONLN d≠á lì% (ê l'primarily in the external SRAM. However |@ ° d ONLN d‘á%ìı )π/, the Power Manager also contains 512 bytes of ° d ONLN dî l†
(ù l internal masked ROM. This ROM pr TÄ ° d ONLN d#î
†Ô )°4ovides the functionality to load the code needed to ° d ONLN dW° l≠ u (™ lpr G ° d ONLN dY° v≠ Ã )
e portable pr 3@ ° d ONLN dEª™«Ã )9oducts. ° d ONLN dNÕ lŸU (÷ l/The Power Manager communicates with the main pr m` ° d ONLN d}ÕUŸπ )Èocessor using a six-wir ≤ ° d ONLN dîÕπŸfl )d e, serial, ° d ONLN dü⁄ lÊ î („ l
interface.
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° d ONLN d™˜ l » * Operating Modes ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ (Ò2
° d ONLN d∫ l# ( l&The Power Manager operates in many dif ı† ° d ONLN d‡ #/ )∑fer ÿ ° d ONLN d„ /Ê ) &ent modes to maximize performance and ° d ONLN d l$ § (! l
functionality ¿ ° d ONLN d §$ )8, while minimizing curr Ň ° d ONLN d- $3 )hent draw Y† ° d ONLN d53$> )'. T è` ° d ONLN d8=$™ )
o the outside world, ther ë† ° d ONLN dQ™$∫ )me ar †@ ° d ONLN dU∫$Œ )e thr ¬† ° d ONLN dZŒ$Ú ) ee basic ° d ONLN dc% l1 √ (. lmodes: full-power r U ° d ONLN dv% ƒ13 )Xun, shutdown, and sleep.
K *P¯ 4L *P¯ M lM¯
ˇ·ˇ‚7^ ° d ONLN dè@ lL · (I lImplementing the Modes ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‡ (IÚ2 ° d ONLN d¶R l^ ¢ ([ l The device r »@ ° d ONLN d≤R ¢^ ı )6uns in full-power r † ° d ONLN d≈R ˆ^¥ )T)un mode whenever the computer is active. ° d ONLN dÔd lp (m lJThe Power Manager shuts down the computer under the following conditions:
° d ONLN d:z lÅ q *n
° d ONLN d<w xÉ ÿ ) If the battery gets low Ä ° d ONLN dSw ÿÉ › )`.
° d ONLN dVå lì q (í ln
° d ONLN dXâ xï ≥ ) If the softwar tÄ ° d ONLN dfâ ≥ï æ );e r É ° d ONLN diâ æï ) equests a shutdown.
° d ONLN d~û l• q (§ ln
° d ONLN dÄõ xß ) $If you select Shutdown in the Finder ∏@ ° d ONLN d§õßq )†, to implement an or ‡ ° d ONLN d∏õrßÿ )Zderly shutdown, or to r „‡ ° d ONLN dœõÿßÚ )festart ° d ONLN d÷ß x≥ ≥ (∞ x the computer ·† ° d ONLN d‚ß ≤≥ ¥ ):. ˇv @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ—Ú ˇÆ ( @ ä PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board 4⁄ ä˙ (‡ ä!Power Requirements and Management
(‡ 23 4 ^ H¿ ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN d _ ä f è ( e än
° d ONLN d \ ñ h º ) If you pr @ ° d ONLN d \ Ω h ˜ )'
ess the on/of ° d ONLN d \ ˜ h> ):f button on the r ؆ ° d ONLN d ) \> h˝ )G*ear panel of the PowerBook Duo. The state ° d ONLN d S h ñ t ( q ñimplemented by the on/of Ì@ ° d ONLN d k h t˜ )u5f button depends upon the state that exists when you ° d ONLN d † t ñ Ä ™ ( } ñdepr ,Ä ° d ONLN d § t ´ Ä Û )ess the button. T ›† ° d ONLN d µ t Ú Äk )Gable 2-1 summarizes the dif @† ° d ONLN d – tl Äx )zfer # ° d ONLN d ” tx Äê ) ent ef p` ° d ONLN d Ÿ tê Ä‹ )fects of the on/of ñ ° d ONLN d Î t‹ Ä )L
f button. ° d ONLN d ı Ä ñ å ( â ñ(The impact of the on/of ô` ° d ONLN d
Ä å” )m,f button on the PowerBook Duo computer is pr | ° d ONLN d9 Ä” å )– ecisely the ° d ONLN dE å ñ òM ( ï ñ'same as its impact on the Power Manager {¿ ° d ONLN dl åM òR )∑.)
° d ONLN dx ± ä Ω ‚ ( ∫ äIf you use the on/of ° d ONLN då ± „ Ωƒ )Y2f button to implement a shutdown, you will get an ° d ONLN dæ Ω ä …P ( Δ ä*immediate shutdown, and any applications r ¿ ° d ONLN dË ΩQ …Δ )«unning will not have time ° d ONLN d … ä ’ › ( “ äto close and save fi ≥` ° d ONLN d … › ’ Î )Sles.
"` ° d ONLN d# Ã Ò ‘ ¯ )s
‚ H 4 „ H
° d ONLN d% · ä Ï ù ( È äNote
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° d ONLN d* Ó ä ˙ ê *Y @Ä ° d ONLN d+ Ó ê ˙ ∑ )ou may r Â@ ° d ONLN d3 Ó ∑ ˙ü )'0eset the PowerBook Duo by holding down the Contr fi@ ° d ONLN dc Óü ˙Ω )Ëol and ° d ONLN dj ˙ ä Ú ( äCommand keys, and pr z¿ ° d ONLN d~ ˙ Ú§ )h&essing the Power On key on the keyboar Z` ° d ONLN d§ ˙§ƒ )≤d. This ° d ONLN d¨ ä Ω ( ä method of r Q ° d ONLN d∑ æî )43esetting is a useful alternative to using the on/of ÃÄ ° d ONLN dÍî¬ )÷ f button if ° d ONLN dˆ ä fi ( äyou have a softwar ±¿ ° d ONLN d fi )T e hang up.
6Ä ° d ONLN d )6u
° d ONLN d∞∞ äºˇ (π äRThe Macintosh operating system selects sleep mode under the following conditions:
° d ONLN dΔ äÕ è *n
° d ONLN d√ ñœ÷ ) IIf the computer is idle for a given time, up to a maximum of 30 minutes. ∏‡ ° d ONLN dN√÷œ‹ (Ã÷Y y` ° d ONLN dO√‹œˇ )ou may ° d ONLN dVœ ñ€´ (ÿ ñ?select the length of the idle period, using the PowerBook Contr ˚† ° d ONLN d€¸ (ÿ´ol Panel shown in ° d ONLN d߀ ñÁ Ì (‰ ñChapter 8, “Softwar P† ° d ONLN d∫€ ÓÁ2 )Xe Issues,” Figur S@ ° d ONLN d €2ÁI )De 8-1.
° d ONLN d— ä˜ è (ˆ än
° d ONLN d”Ì ñ˘. ) #If you close the clamshell housing.
° d ONLN d˜ ä è ( än
° d ONLN d˘ˇ ñ ∂ ) If you r ° d ONLN dˇ ∑ V )!#equest sleep using the Finder menu.
$ H) 4% H) & ä&
ˇ·ˇ‚7^ ° d ONLN d% ä%, (" ä Coming Out of Sleep or Shutdown ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‡ ("2 ° d ONLN dE+ ä7 ê (4 äY @Ä ° d ONLN dF+ ê7 )Nou can bring the Power Manager and the PowerBook Duo out of shutdown or sleep ° d ONLN dî8 äD (A ästates in a number of ways:
° d ONLN d∞N äU è *n
° d ONLN d≤K ñW ú ) Y @Ä ° d ONLN d≥K úW ≈ ) ou can pr ≈‡ ° d ONLN dºK ≈W ˇ ))
ess the on/of ÿ¿ ° d ONLN d…K ˇWF ):f button on the r p@ ° d ONLN d⁄KGW )H+ear panel of the PowerBook Duo, and if the ° d ONLN dW ñcÑ (` ñ6computer is shutdown or asleep, it will come on. (See «` ° d ONLN d;WÑcä )ÓT ˝ ° d ONLN d<Wâc´ )able 2-1
† ° d ONLN dDW¨c± )#).
° d ONLN dGl äs è (r än
° d ONLN dIi ñu ) RIf the computer is asleep, you can waken it by holding down any key on the keyboar •† ° d ONLN dõi u (r d.
° d ONLN dû~ äÖ è (Ñ än
° d ONLN d†{ ñá ú ) Y @Ä ° d ONLN d°{ úáM )'ou can set the automatic wake-up featur å ° d ONLN d»{Máø )±e in the PowerBook Contr z@ ° d ONLN d‡{øበ)r ol panel.
î H¢ 4ï H¢
° d ONLN dÍì äû ù (õ äNote
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° d ONLN dÔ† ä¨ *Moving the trackball, or pr s@ ° d ONLN d
†¨Ø )w(essing its button, does not wake up the ° d ONLN d2¨ ä∏ æ (µ ä computer fr ⁄Ä ° d ONLN d=¨ æ∏` )4#om either shutdown or sleep mode.
@ ° d ONLN d`Æa∑h )£u
A HI 4B HI E äE
ˇ·ˇ‚7^ ° d ONLN d 7 äB ± (? ä Table 2-1 ° d ONLN d(7 »B fi )>On/of X ° d ONLN d-7 fiB ) f button ef 4∞ ° d ONLN d87Bg )(fects on Power Manager ° d ONLN dOO äZ ø (W ä Action taken ≥3 ° d ONLN d\O ›Z )S
Current state Êf ° d ONLN djO0ZZ )S New state
° d ONLN du] äi ì (f äPr N† ° d ONLN dw] îi Ω )
ess on/of ° d ONLN dÄ] æi √ )*f ° d ONLN dÇh ät ß (q äbutton ≥3 ° d ONLN dâ] ›i (f ›Shutdown Êf ° d ONLN dí]0i= )SOn ≥3 ° d ONLN dóz ›Ü Ù (É ›Sleep Êf ° d ONLN dùz0Ü= )SOn ≥3 ° d ONLN d¢å ›ò Í (ï ›On Êf ° d ONLN d•å0ò^ )SShutdown ˇ p @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ—Ú ˇÆ ( @ l PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board 4⁄ *˙¯
(‡ *24
)B!Power Requirements and Management 4 ^ *¿¯
j * p¯ 4 j * p¯ k l k¯
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° d ONLN d \ l jW ( f l+Power-Saving and Built-in Security Features ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ ( fÒ2
° d ONLN d , p l |3 ( y l*The Power Manager has many built-in featur ~Ä ° d ONLN d V p3 |› )«$es that minimize power consumption, ° d ONLN d z } l â, ( Ü l*while at the same time ensuring computer r &¿ ° d ONLN d § }- âÉ )¡eliability and safety –¿ ° d ONLN d π }Ç âÑ )U. ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN d ª ì l ö q ( ô ln
° d ONLN d Ω ê x ú ¸ ) The Power Manager has a har ч ° d ONLN d ÿ ê ¸ ú )Ñdwar º† ° d ONLN d ‹ ê ú4 )e featur 2@ ° d ONLN d ‰ ê5 ú÷ )"#e, known as the computer operating ° d ONLN d ú x ® Å ( • xpr G ° d ONLN d ú Ç ® )
operly (COP) watchdog featur > ° d ONLN d% ú ®C )Ü e. Using COP á` ° d ONLN d1 úB ®™ ):, the Power Manager pr –@ ° d ONLN dG ú™ ®÷ )h
ectly char ,` ° d ONLN d9 ¿ ß )+ged for an extended ° d ONLN dM à x ÿ Ú ( ’ x period of time, even if the fi ˚ ° d ONLN dk Ã Ú ÿ )zrmwar ›† ° d ONLN dp à ÿ: )
° d ONLN d=, x8+ ) 'The Power Manager also has a stop instr ò ° d ONLN dd,+8fi )≥*uction, which stops execution. It turns of 3Ä ° d ONLN dé,fl8‰ )¥f ° d ONLN dê8 xD Ê (A xportions of the timing cir §‡ ° d ONLN d™8 ÊDÁ )n;cuit, and waits for one of the following events, marked by ° d ONLN dÂD xP ¸ (M x low input on any pin in ports bÄ ° d ONLN dD ¸P )ÑA ù ° d ONLN dDPJ ) and B: an interr é` ° d ONLN dDJP‚ )G#upt on the /IRQ line, a 1-Hz interr ù‡ ° d ONLN d8D‚Pˆ )òupt, ° d ONLN d=P x\ ≈ (Y xor any key down.
Ä *ᯠ4Å *á¯ Ç lǯ
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN dNq lÄ$ (| lPowerBook Duo Power States ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (|2
° d ONLN diá lì ≤ (ê lUnder the contr åÄ ° d ONLN dxá ≤ì ˜ )Fol of the EverW §` ° d ONLN dáá ˆìÄ )D atch power management featur ¿ ° d ONLN d£áÅìÊ )ãe, the PowerBook Duo ° d ONLN d∏î l†⁄ (ù lPoperates in several power states: nap, sleep, and shutdown. The PowerBook Duo’s ° d ONLN d° l≠F *
and when the Power Manager is br §@ ° d ONLN d–ª«È )õ3ought out of a sleep state, the PowerBook Duo will ° d ONLN d» l‘ ¨ (— lsimilarly emer `Ä ° d ONLN d» ¨‘ ∂ )@ge π@ ° d ONLN d» ∂‘ ∏ )
conditions ar .‡ ° d ONLN d* ¶, fl ):e satisfactory ˇ@ ° d ONLN d8 fi,< )8, the MSC initiates a r ÉÄ ° d ONLN dO =,™ )_eset, and waits for the pr ¢Ä ° d ONLN di ™,Û )mocessor buses to ° d ONLN dz- l9 ¶ (6 lgo tristate (of ° d ONLN dâ- ß9 ≤ );f). ° d ONLN dé? lKl (H l9The computer stays in this nap state, with the MC68030 of s ° d ONLN d«?lKÆ (Hlf but with the r ç† ° d ONLN d◊?ÆKÿ )B est of the ° d ONLN d‚L lX ù (U l
computer r †@ ° d ONLN dÏL ùX Á )1unning normally d† ° d ONLN d˚L ÁX) )J, until an interr ∏† ° d ONLN d L)Xn )Bupt occurs. VIA ‚@ ° d ONLN d LnXê )E 1 interr y@ ° d ONLN d $LëX„ )#upts occur at least ° d ONLN d 8Y le (b l&every 16.6 milliseconds, which is ther a` ° d ONLN d ^Ye" )•efor π` ° d ONLN d bY"e› )'e the maximum nap time for the computer Æ ° d ONLN d âY›e‚ )ª. ° d ONLN d ãf lr µ (o lWhen the MSC r ⁄¿ ° d ONLN d ôf µr Ì )I
eturns the pr ì` ° d ONLN d ¶f Órá )9&ocessor to an active state, it holds r º ° d ONLN d ÃfárÎ )ôeset low while it turns ° d ONLN d ‰s l æ (| lon power to the pr Æ ° d ONLN d ˆs æ fi )Rocessor Ç@ ° d ONLN d ˝s fiñ ) ,. During this time, it does not drive the pr Z† ° d ONLN d
tÄcåÍ )D ocessor power to stabilize, the ° d ONLN d
îç lô¢ (ñ lEMSC starts the CPU clock, and waits for the MC68030 to complete its r ° d ONLN d
Ÿç£ô‰ (ñ£eset sequence. ° d ONLN d
Ëö l¶ ä (£ lFinally
° d ONLN d
Ôö ä¶ ) , the MSC drives /AS (addr ¿† ° d ONLN d ö¶ )yess str »† ° d ONLN d ö ¶n )obe) high, drives r f ° d ONLN d #öo¶Í )Q eset high for one clock, and ° d ONLN d @ß l≥ Æ (∞ lthen normal pr ο ° d ONLN d Nß Æ≥ Ÿ )B
ocessing r £ ° d ONLN d Xß ⁄≥ ˘ ),estarts. ˇ & @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ—Ú ˇÆ ( @ ä PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board 4⁄ ä˙ (‡ äBattery Power Supply and àê )j AC Power
∞ )+Adapter
)Ì25 4 ^ H¿ ° d ONLN d \ ä h ˆ ( e äThe nap state is transpar Ä ° d ONLN d \ ˆ h4 )lent to the user ° d ONLN d ( \5 h: )?. °¿ ° d ONLN d * \9 h
).Any user input, including holding down any of ° d ONLN d X i ä u> ( r ä%the keys on the PowerBook Duo keyboar ≤† ° d ONLN d } i> u )¥0d, will bring the computer out of the nap state.
ì H ö 4 î H ö ï ä ï
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° d ONLN d Æ Ü ä î ¨ ( ê äSleep ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ ( ê2
° d ONLN d µ ö ä ¶ ¨ ( £ äSoftwar ÁÄ ° d ONLN d º ö ¨ ¶
)"Qe initiates the sleep state after the computer has been idle (no mouse or keyboar ê‡ ° d ONLN d
ö ¶ ( £ d ° d ONLN d ß ä ≥ — ( ∞ äactivity) for a pr “ ° d ONLN d! ß — ≥b )G edetermined period. The softwar K` ° d ONLN d@ ßc ≥p )íe fi °¿ ° d ONLN dD ßp ≥Û )
rst checks that it has arranged ï¿ ° d ONLN dc ßÙ ≥ )Ñ for ° d ONLN dh ¥ ä ¿
( Ω ä the Power Manager to turn of b‡ ° d ONLN dÑ ¥
¿\ )Éf power to the har m@ ° d ONLN dñ ¥\ ¿fi )O d disk drive, the LCD display ,@ ° d ONLN d≥ ¥fi ¿ )Ç
, and the ° d ONLN dΩ ¡ ä Õ ( äZmodem. It then informs the Power Manager it is going to sleep, saves the state of all the ° d ONLN d Œ ä ⁄ ¡ *
MC68030’s r UÄ ° d ONLN d" Œ ¡ ⁄B )7 egisters, and checks for interr ° d ONLN dA ŒC ⁄Y )Çupts. ° d ONLN dG ‡ ä Ï Õ ( È äIf conditions ar a@ ° d ONLN dW ‡ Õ Ï )Ce satisfactory 1† ° d ONLN de ‡ Ï )99, the MSC shuts down the MC68030 as it did when entering ° d ONLN dû Ì ä ˘ ( ˆ äVthe nap state. It then stops the I/O, SCC, and sound clocks when they go low; turns of ¬† ° d ONLN dÙ Ì ˘
( ˆf ° d ONLN dˆ ˙ ä ƒ ( ä sound power t@ ° d ONLN d ˙ ƒ ):H, and drives low all signals, except SNDLE, which is connected to the DF ∞ ° d ONLN dI ˙ (AC ° d ONLN dL ä ( ä chip. It does not change the VIA Ä ° d ONLN dlK )é
(ú äUagain, and starts the 2X CPU clock. The MSC then enables the I/O and SCC clocks, and ° d ONLN d”† ä¨ *
turns on sound power to the DF g@ ° d ONLN dÒ†¨4 )çAC, pr † ° d ONLN d˜†5¨ç ) ovided that the VIA ñ† ° d ONLN d
†å¨ø )W
2 bits contr ƒÄ ° d ONLN d†ø¨Ù )3
olling these ° d ONLN d$≠ äπ æ (∂ ä functions ar @ ° d ONLN d0≠ øπ · )5 e set. Fr ˜ ° d ONLN d9≠ ‡πÖ )!%om this point, the MSC continues to r ‘† ° d ONLN d^≠Öπ´ )• ecover fr ` ° d ONLN dg≠¨πÍ )'om sleep as it ° d ONLN dv∫ äΔ ç (√ är E ° d ONLN dw∫ éΔ ´ )ecover )@ ° d ONLN d}∫ ´Δ ø ) ed fr ßÄ ° d ONLN dÇ∫ øΔ
)om the nap state.
‰ HÎ 4 HÎ Ê äÊ
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° d ONLN dî◊ ä ø (· äShutdown ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ (·2
° d ONLN dùÎ ä˜ æ (Ù ä
Shutdown r Ÿ@ ° d ONLN dßÎ æ˜ ’ )4equir Ä ° d ONLN d¨Î ’˜k ) ements for the PowerBook Duo ar È ° d ONLN dÀÎk˜
)ñ#e the same as for the Power Manager ( ° d ONLN dÓΘ )£. ° d ONLN d¯ ä• ( ä;See the section “Operating Modes,” under “The Power Manager û¿ ° d ONLN d+¯•¨ (•.” ¿ ° d ONLN d-¯≠Ø )
6Y )¬ AC Power ∑Ñ ° d ONLN dQ#X6î )NAdapter ˇˇˇˇˇˇ V˛ )∂2
° d ONLN dYG äS‘ (P äFThe Power Manager can detect that the power system has a power adapter † ° d ONLN düG”S (P”, and a set of ° d ONLN dÆT ä`£ (] ä=main batteries. The computer can operate on the power adapter “Ä ° d ONLN dÎT¢`Ÿ (]¢, even if ther º ° d ONLN d˘TŸ`È )7e ar † ° d ONLN d˝TÈ`˛ )e no ° d ONLN d a ämÑ (j ä5main batteries. In shutdown mode, the Power Manager r ¸` ° d ONLN d 7aÑm )˙ elies on the back-up battery to ° d ONLN d Wn äz ì (w äpr G ° d ONLN d Yn îz  )
ovide enough curr ◊¿ ° d ONLN d jn Âz> )Qent to maintain the r ô@ ° d ONLN d n?z˛ )Z,eal-time clock, and the static RAM, and to r à ° d ONLN d ´n˛z )øun ° d ONLN d Æ{ äრ(Ñ äKat full speed for short periods of time, typically up to 100 milliseconds. ° d ONLN d ˙ç äô *The main batteries may be r zÄ ° d ONLN d
çô ){echar J¿ ° d ONLN d
ç ô` )geable or non-r v` ° d ONLN d
)ç`ôw )Cechar F† ° d ONLN d
.çxô )#geable. Each pack has an ID, which ° d ONLN d
Qö ä¶ Á (£ äthe Power Manager r Δ¿ ° d ONLN d
dö Á¶v )] eads to determine what type of r r¿ ° d ONLN d
Ñöw¶é )êechar C ° d ONLN d
âö趿 ) ging, if any ° d ONLN d
ïö¿¶“ )1, is r Ü` ° d ONLN d
õö“¶È )equir ù† ° d ONLN d
†öȶˆ )ed. ˇ‘ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ—Ú ˇÆ ( @ l PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board 4⁄ *˙¯
(‡ *26
)B$Combination SCSI/SCC Controller Chip 4 ^ *¿¯
° d ONLN d \ l h Î ( e l The main battery should be r F† ° d ONLN d \ Ï hÁ )Ä8emoved only after the computer has been put to sleep or ° d ONLN d T i l u◊ ( r lMshutdown. The PowerBook Duo has a small backup battery on the main logic boar A@ ° d ONLN d ° iÿ u‡ ( rÿd ° d ONLN d £ v l Ç ì ( lwhich pr Ä ° d ONLN d ´ v î ÇÈ )(Jovides up to four minutes of power to keep the DRAMs alive while the main ° d ONLN d ı É l è Ò ( å l battery is being exchanged, pr X ° d ONLN d É Ò èÒ )Ö7ovided the computer is in sleep mode when the exchange ° d ONLN dJ ê l ú û ( ô l takes place.
æ * ≈¯ 4 ø * ≈¯ ¿ l ¿¯
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN dW Ø l æ ˇ *!Power Operating Modes ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r ( ∫2
° d ONLN dm l ÷ fi ( ” lThe power supply has thr m† ° d ONLN dÖ fi ÷ì )r*ee operating modes: full on, sleep, and of ‚ ° d ONLN dØ ì ÷fi )µf. Full on is used ° d ONLN d¬ ◊ l „c ( ‡ l4during normal operation, and supplies between 200 mA ‰Ä ° d ONLN dˆ ◊c „Ä )˜ and 3 Û@ ° d ONLN d˝ ◊Ä „‡ ) A. In sleep mode, the ° d ONLN d ‰ l ∂ ( Ì lpower supply pr ë‡ ° d ONLN d" ‰ ∂ )Jovides between 3 mA ñ@ ° d ONLN d5 ‰ ∏ )_" and 20 mA. In shutdown mode, ther ±@ ° d ONLN dW ‰∏ Ù )£e is a leakage ° d ONLN df Ò l ˝ ~ ( ˙ lcurr Ø ° d ONLN dj Ò ~ ˝ Û ) ent of less than 100 mA. If V ° d ONLN dÜ Ò Û ˝Ò )u7AC wall-power is connected, the power supply is always ° d ONLN dΩ ˛ l
° d ONLN dfi3 l? Ã (< lThe basic battery char 7` ° d ONLN dÙ3 Õ? È )ager cir ` ° d ONLN d˚3 È? ) cuit is a fl t† ° d ONLN d3?Ó )*1yback converter that allows the input and output ° d ONLN d8@ lL ¿ (I lvoltages to be entir p ° d ONLN dL@ ¿LJ )T ely independent of one another ° d ONLN dj@JLm )ä . The cir s` ° d ONLN ds@mL€ )#cuit operates in an input ° d ONLN dçM lYÊ (V lUvoltage range of 18 to 30 volts, and an output range of 0 to 25 volts. Maximum power ° d ONLN d‚Z lf ã *
deliver k ° d ONLN dÈZ ãf Ù ) ed to the battery is appr ¨ ° d ONLN dZ Ùf› )i5oximately 10 watts. The 1:1 turns ratio shown on the ° d ONLN d7g ls± (p lLtransformer is optimized for batteries in the range of 12 to 16 volts. Lower @ ° d ONLN dÉg≤sÿ (p≤ -voltage ° d ONLN dåt lÄD (} l2batteries should use a lower turns ratio. The char e` ° d ONLN dætDÄl )ÿ ging curr Ï` ° d ONLN d«tlÄè )( ent is pr ∂@ ° d ONLN d–têÄ )$ogrammable, with an ° d ONLN d‰Å lçC (ä l.external voltage supplied by the Power Manager #Ä ° d ONLN dÅCçê )◊, which also contr œ@ ° d ONLN d$Åêç¬ )M ols the char N ° d ONLN d0Å√çŸ )3ging ° d ONLN d5é löà (ó l?functions, by monitoring battery voltage and battery temperatur ¡` ° d ONLN dtéàöè (óàe.
º *√¯ 4Ω *√¯ æ læ¯
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN dw≠ lº ≠ (∏ l AC Power ]^ ° d ONLN dÄ≠ ≠º › )AAdapter ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (∏2
° d ONLN dà√ lœ (à lThe ]` ° d ONLN då√ œ ˜ )AC power adapter uses a fl ∫Ä ° d ONLN d¶√ ˜œÊ )x5yback design and operates in continuous mode at full ° d ONLN d€– l‹ û (Ÿ l output curr 9† ° d ONLN dÊ– ü‹Ÿ )3Jent. Output power level is 25 watts, or 20 volts, at 1.04 amps. Output is ° d ONLN d0› lÈ ë (Ê l short-cir ™` ° d ONLN d9› ëÈ Æ )%cuit pr ì† ° d ONLN d@› Æȧ ) 7oof, operating in an intermittent mode during overload.
° d ONLN dù, l8‰ (5 lQThe Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) is combined with the serial communica- ° d ONLN dÓ9 lE õ *
tions contr m ° d ONLN d˘9 õEi )/,oller (SCC) in the 85C80 Combined SCSI Contr î¿ ° d ONLN d%9iEfi )Œoller and Serial Communi- ° d ONLN d?F lR ¢ (O l cation Contr G ° d ONLN dKF £R ∑ )7oller å@ ° d ONLN dPF ∂RÚ )J. The device is described in this text as the Combo chip. The integration ° d ONLN döS l_ ö (\ l is transpar /‡ ° d ONLN d•S õ_ Ë )/ent to the softwar á@ ° d ONLN d∑S Ë_ Ô )Me.
Ñ *㯠4Ö *ã¯ Ü lܯ
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d∫u lÑe (Ä l&Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (Ä2
° d ONLN d·ã lóQ (î l4The SCSI bus is used to daisy-chain SCSI devices to \ ° d ONLN dãQóˆ )Â#Apple personal computers. The SCSI ° d ONLN d8ò l§ñ (° lBconnection in the basic PowerBook Duo connects to the internal har ™ ° d ONLN dzòñ§º (°ñ d disk. T K¿ ° d ONLN dÉòº§Â )&
o use the ° d ONLN dç• l±Ú (Æ lUexternal SCSI interface, the PowerBook Duo must be supported by an expansion device, ° d ONLN d‚≤ læù *
>such as the PowerBook Duo MiniDock, or the PowerBook Duo Dock. ˇN @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ—Ú ˇÆ ( @ ä PowerBook Duo Main Logic Board 4⁄ ä˙ (‡ äV W∞ )ideo Components
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d \ ä ky ( g ä%Serial Communication Controller (SCC) ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r ( g2
° d ONLN d & r ä ~Ú ( { äMThe SCC is a 16-MHz CMOS 85C30 device, with two independent ports for serial ° d ONLN d s ä ã) *
"communication. Each port can be pr Ä ° d ONLN d ï * ã“ )†"ogrammed independently for asynchr & ° d ONLN d ∑ “ ãÚ )®onous, ° d ONLN d æ å ä ò ß ( ï äsynchr $ ° d ONLN d ƒ å ® ò ” )
onous, or Æ` ° d ONLN d Œ å ” ò Ù )+AppleT a† ° d ONLN d ‘ å Ù ò
)!alk pr @ ° d ONLN d ⁄ å òò ) otocols. The SCC has a timing r @ ° d ONLN d ˘ åò ò )äestriction between chip ° d ONLN d ô ä • ÿ ( ¢ äaccesses, and ther ∫@ ° d ONLN d# ô ÿ •ˇ )NBe must be at least a 255-nanosecond delay between the end of the fi \¿ ° d ONLN df ô •
( ¢ rst ° d ONLN dj ¶ ä ≤Ô ( Ø äQaccess and the beginning of the second. This constraint is implemented in the har : ° d ONLN dª ¶ ≤ ( Ødwar q‡ ° d ONLN dø ¶ ≤ )e ° d ONLN d¡ ≥ ä ø Ã ( º äand is transpar ù ° d ONLN d– ≥ Ã ø )B
ent to the pr V¿ ° d ONLN d› ≥ ø0 )6ogrammer Ù‡ ° d ONLN d ≥/ ø1 )-.
° d ONLN dÒ Ÿ ä ÂO ( ‚ ä(When the PowerBook Duo is undocked, ther ¬ ° d ONLN d ŸO Â∏ )≈e is only one serial port ° d ONLN d3  ä Ò ¢ ( Ó ä(port ¢ ° d ONLN d9  ¢ ÒX )*A). Since that port can be used for LocalT ` ° d ONLN dc ÂX Òß )∂alk, compatibility ° d ONLN dv Ò ä ˝ ì ( ˙ äpr G ° d ONLN dx Ò î ˝ „ )
oblems may arise. ,
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L ° d ONLN dí Ù Á ¸ Ó )Ss
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN dî ä ¡ ( ä-Power-Management Constraints for SCSI and SCC ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (2
° d ONLN d¬% ä1 ë (. äA ∫† ° d ONLN d√% ë1 )D low-power mode has been added to the system. It maintains the SCC r ä‡ ° d ONLN d%À1
6negligible impact on DC power drain during operation. 0¿ ° d ONLN d˝ÖÇëÓ )¯As with the SWIM chip, ° d ONLN dí äû (õ ä!stopping the clock is the most ef (` ° d ONLN d5íûî )éfective way of saving power ˘‡ ° d ONLN dPíìû∞ ){, since L ° d ONLN dXí±ûÚ ) AC power is a ° d ONLN dfü ä´ ì (® äpr G ° d ONLN dhü î´V )
-oduct of internal gate switching and clock fr Ä ° d ONLN dïüW´| )√equency Ó ° d ONLN dúüz´Ã )#. The clock is contr € ° d ONLN d∞üÃ´Ú )R olled by ° d ONLN d∫¨ ä∏ µ (µ ä the MSC.
° d ONLN d’ˆ ä` (ˇ ä1The video system consists of the gray-scale contr PÄ ° d ONLN dˆa
)◊#oller (GSC) and video RAM. The GSC ° d ONLN d) ä † ( äcontr >Ä ° d ONLN d. ° ¥ )ols r ` ° d ONLN d3 ¥g )'ead and write operations between the pr ° d ONLN dZg )≥ocessor and the VRAM, and ° d ONLN dt ä ì ( ä:continually sends the contents of the VRAM to update and r † ° d ONLN dÆî † (îefr ° d ONLN d±† ) esh the display panel. The ° d ONLN dà ä)˚ (& äUGSC drives active-matrix, 8-bit interface, single panels, or FSTN dual-drive, double ° d ONLN d!* ä6 æ *
panels. It pr *Ä ° d ONLN d.* ø6z )5.ovides 1, 2, and 4 bits per pixel gray scale. ° d ONLN d]; äGP (D ä,The video RAM is a 128K x 8 device that stor ]¿ ° d ONLN dâ;PGÖ )Δ
es the data r ‰‡ ° d ONLN dñ;ÖGú )5equir ¸ ° d ONLN dõ;úGÌ )ed to update and r |Ä ° d ONLN d≠;ÓG˙ )Refr _ ° d ONLN d∞;˙G ) esh ° d ONLN d¥H äT † (Q äthe fl Í ° d ONLN d∫H †T )at-panel video display é` ° d ONLN d–HT˚ )b4. The VRAM is memory mapped to locations $6000 0000 ° d ONLN dU äa ó (^ äthr X¿ ° d ONLN dU óa» )
Bough $6080 0000. The 128K x 8 VRAM supports 640 x 400 line panels. ° d ONLN dJf är (o äUThe CPU sees video memory as a continuous array of 128K bytes. The interface between ° d ONLN düs äù *
:the VRAM and the CPU is 16 bits wide, but like main memory ¡` ° d ONLN dŸsú˝ (|ú, it is also byte (8 bits) ° d ONLN dÙÄ äå ü (â äaddr |Ä ° d ONLN d¯Ä üå )Tessable. The display consists of 400 lines, each 80 bytes wide, which gives a 640 x ° d ONLN d Lç äô ∑ (ñ ä 400 pixel r
° d ONLN d Wç ∏ôe ).'esolution. In STN (super twist nematic) | ° d ONLN d ~åeöh )≠ ú ° d ONLN d çhôÅ )mode ‡ ° d ONLN d ÉçÅôÉ ), J‡ ° d ONLN d ÑçÑô£ ) the scr öÄ ° d ONLN d åç£ô ) een is logically split into ° d ONLN d ®ö ä¶ Ì (£ ätwo 640 x 200 pixel scr n‡ ° d ONLN d øö ̶ )cGeens. Each pixel is equivalent to one bit. Line 1 is at the top of the ° d ONLN d
ß ä≥ ñ (∞ äscr Ú@ ° d ONLN d
ß ñ≥ Ò ) een. The most signifi VÄ ° d ONLN d
ß Ú≥) )\
cant bit, wor û` ° d ONLN d
+ß)≥‘ )7,d 0, byte 0, bit 0 is in the top left corner v† ° d ONLN d
Wß‘≥ )´, when facing ° d ONLN d
e¥ ä¿ ¶ (Ω äthe scr O† ° d ONLN d
l¥ ß¿ ) een, and the least signifi ´ ° d ONLN d
Ü¥¿† )j"cant bit in the lower right corner @ ° d ONLN d
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° d ONLN d ô l •~ ( ¢ l:The PowerBook Duo sound system includes a built-in speaker ؇ ° d ONLN d K ô~ •Í ( ¢~, an external headphone ° d ONLN d c ¶ l ≤ ± ( Ø ljack, and a micr ¥‡ ° d ONLN d s ¶ ± ≤ )E<ophone input jack for sound input. The PowerBook Duo also pr —‡ ° d ONLN d Ø ¶ ≤È ( Ø ovides ° d ONLN d ∂ ≥ l ø ∑ ( º lsound input for r - ° d ONLN d « ≥ ∏ ø )Lecor °Ä ° d ONLN d À ≥ ø( )ding sounds digitally Ï ° d ONLN d ‡ ≥' øg )], and a playthr +Ä ° d ONLN d Ô ≥h øõ )A ough featur ¥† ° d ONLN d ˙ ≥õ øÁ )3e that permits an ° d ONLN d ¿ l à ¡ ( … lexternal audio sour * ° d ONLN d ¿ ¬ ÃE )V ce to be mixed with computer ûÄ ° d ONLN d; ¿E Û )É!-generated sound, and played out ° d ONLN d\ Õ l Ÿ y ( ÷ lthr X¿ ° d ONLN d_ Õ y Ÿ )
#ough the speaker or headphone jack. ° d ONLN dÉ fl l Î ( Ë l)Digital functions for the sound system ar ` ° d ONLN d¨ fl! Î’ )µ&e implemented by the main system contr ˚¿ ° d ONLN d“ fl‘ ÎË )≥oller @‡ ° d ONLN d◊ flË ÎÌ ). ° d ONLN dŸ Ï l ¯≠ ( ı lAThe PowerBook Duo sound system uses main memory for the sound buf ‰@ ° d ONLN d Ï≠ ¯π ( ı≠fer 7 ° d ONLN d Ïπ ¯fl )
. Data is ° d ONLN d' ˘ l ≥ ( linput to this buf ´` ° d ONLN d8 ˘ ≥ ø )Gfer ˛ ° d ONLN d; ˘ æ ) , and then transferr ≤Ä ° d ONLN dO ˘U )Ued to a FIFO (fi ° d ONLN d_ ˘Vv )Crst-in-fi È@ ° d ONLN dh ˘v§ ) rst-out buf £ ° d ONLN ds ˘•› )/fer) used for ° d ONLN dÅ l à ( lsound playback and r YÄ ° d ONLN dï à fi )`ecor Õ‡ ° d ONLN dô fiå )'ding. The FIFO is set up on the MSC. Fr LJ ° d ONLN d¿çØ )Øom ther Ó¿ ° d ONLN d«Øÿ )" e, data is ° d ONLN d“ l o ( lr E ° d ONLN d” p µ )outed to the DF ç† ° d ONLN d‚ ¥ x )D+AC, a custom IC that performs the analog pr Ê ° d ONLN d
x Î )ƒocessing functions for the ° d ONLN d( l, ´ () l
sound system. ‡ ° d ONLN d5 ¨, Æ )@ ° d ONLN d72 l> å (; lThe DF J¿ ° d ONLN d=2 å>$ ) AC contains a sound input amplifi ˘ ° d ONLN d^2$>F )òer with ` ° d ONLN df2G>Õ )# AGC (automatic gain control) ≤ ° d ONLN dÇ2Õ>Ÿ )Ü, a ° d ONLN dÜ? lK « (H lswitched capacitor fi Ë ° d ONLN dõ? «K ’ )[lter † ° d ONLN dü? ÷K^ ) , an analog-to-digital converter @ ° d ONLN dø?^K◊ )à, and switching and amplifi Y` ° d ONLN d⁄?◊K‚ )yer ° d ONLN d›L lX w (U lcir ù† ° d ONLN d‡L wX ê ) cuits. ` ° d ONLN dÁL ëX … ) An on-chip r B‡ ° d ONLN dÛL …X )8egister in the DF e¿ ° d ONLN dLXü )H!AC contains eight bits that contr
° d ONLN d%L†XÆ )èol r ∞ ° d ONLN d)LÆXÿ )
outing of ° d ONLN d4Y le Ë (b l the analog sound signals thr FÄ ° d ONLN dPY Èe= )}ough the computer @ ° d ONLN daY=ey )T. These bits ar | ° d ONLN dpYyeµ )<e accessed thr '‡ ° d ONLN d~Y∂efl )= ough the ° d ONLN dáf lr ≤ (o l
Power Manager g ° d ONLN dîf ≤r ¥ )F. ˇÆ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇu÷ ˇÆ ° d ONLN d Z ∫ wG ( p ∫ Internal Har 68 ° d ONLN d ZG wí )çd Disk ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ä* )¬3
° d ONLN d \ l h ( e l%The PowerBook Duo has an integral har C‡ ° d ONLN d % \ hÁ )±1d disk, that is available in capacities of 80 MB ° d ONLN d V i l u
( r l#and 120 MB. This chapter describes: ”‡ ° d ONLN d y i
u )û ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN d { l Ü q ( Ö ln
° d ONLN d } | x à â ) Har ñ` ° d ONLN d Ä | â à Œ )d-disk housing.
° d ONLN dn l+ ç (( lThe har R ° d ONLN du é+à )"7d disk drive is housed in the PowerBook Duo clamshell. â ° d ONLN d¨ à+† )˙Figur [‡ ° d ONLN d± †+¥ )e 3-1 ˘` ° d ONLN d∂ ¥+’ ) shows ° d ONLN dΩ, l8W (5 l6detailed dimensions of the space allocated for the har ® ° d ONLN dÛ,W8° )Îd disk. It measur €† ° d ONLN d,°8‡ )Jes 4 inches by ° d ONLN d9 lEÌ (B l\2.75 inches and is 0.75 inches high. The height of the disk drive is critical, and must not ° d ONLN dpF lR π *
exceed the specifi › ° d ONLN dÇF πR )Med 0.7539 inches. Ê ° d ONLN dîFR )LA † ° d ONLN dïF
R` ) bracket, shown in å@ ° d ONLN d®F`Rx )SFigur _ ° d ONLN d≠FxR¥ )e 3-2 on page @ ° d ONLN dªFµRø )=32 @ ° d ONLN dΩFøRı )
, attaches to ° d ONLN dÀS l_ ª (\ lthe side of the har •@ ° d ONLN dfiS ª_| )O.d disk, and holds it in place in the clamshell {¿ ° d ONLN d S}_ )¬. ˇhà @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ—Ú ˇÆ ( @ äInternal Hard Disk 4⁄ ä˙ (‡ äHard-Disk Drive Housing
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Figure 3-1 ° d ONLN d \ Ã g* )BHard disk drive housing
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ÿ £FÛ ’ Û ’ Û ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ò <Ä ¿—Ä ¿—˜ >7 Ò ≥ ? ∞ 0 `60 Á Ò √˝ Ä 0 `l` Á Ò ?pˇ∑∑øÉΩ˛w±ˇπÓ˛¸ÓÁ Ò ª¯ˇˇøøΔ˜ª{Û€ˇ{l¸Á ˚¿˛ ?Δ˜ªÒˇˇ{lqåÁ Ò øxo€?√Ω˛{Ûfl˝Ól~˛Á È 0fi È 0fi ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈
Ò „ˇ˛ˇ¯ Ò „ˇ˛ ˜ Ò „ˇ˛ ˜ Ò „ˇ˛ ˜ Ò „ˇ˛ 8˜ Ò „ˇ˛ 8˜ Ò „ˇ˛ 8˜ Ò „ˇ˛ <˜ Ò „ˇ˛ |˜ Ò „ˇ˛ ˜ Ò „ˇ˛ ˜ Ò „ˇ˛ ˜ Ò „ˇ˛ ˜ Ò „ˇ˛ ˜ Ò „ˇ˛ ˜ Ò „ˇ˛ CâÃ˙ Ò „ˇ˛ †âL˙ Ò „ˇ˛ °Ä˙ Ò „ˇ˛ °@˙ Ò „ˇ˛ ° @˙ Ú „ˇ˛ E ¿˙ Ò „ˇ˛ ˜ Ò „ˇ˛ ˜
ÿ £FÛ ’ Û ’ Û ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ò <Ä ¿—Ä ¿—˜ >7 Ò ≥ ? ∞ 0 `60 Á Ò √˝ Ä 0 `l` Á Ò ?pˇ∑∑øÉΩ˛w±ˇπÓ˛¸ÓÁ Ò ª¯ˇˇøøΔ˜ª{Û€ˇ{l¸Á ˚¿˛ ?Δ˜ªÒˇˇ{lqåÁ Ò øxo€?√Ω˛{Ûfl˝Ól~˛Á È 0fi È 0fi ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈
Ò „ˇ˛ˇ¯ Ò „ ˜ Ò „ ˜ Ò „ ˜ Ò „ 8˜ Ò „ 8˜ Ò „ 8˜ Ò „ <˜ Ò „ |˜ Ò „ ˜ Ò „ ˜ Ò „ ˜ Ò „ ˜ Ò „ ˜ Ò „ ˜ Ò „ CâÃ˙ Ò „ †âL˙ Ò „ °Ä˙ Ò „ °@˙ Ò „ ° @˙ Ú p„ E ¿˙ Ò „ ˜ Ò ˘ ˇ¸˘ ˇˇ˘ ˜ Ú ˘ ˘ ˘ ˜ Ú ˘ ˘ ˘ IÇ ¸ Ú ˘ ?˘ ¡˘ ôE+Á»¸ Ò ˘ aÑ˘ a˘ âE*•H¸ Ò ˘ @Ñ˘ !˘ â≈*•H¸ Ò ˘ ¿Ñ˘ 0!˘ àE*•H¸ Ú ˘ 㢠1˘ âä•H¸ Ú ˘ ¿Ñ˘ 0!˘ IJ ¸ Ú ˘ AÑ˘ a˘ @˛ ¸ Ò ˘ s˘ ¡˘ ˜ Ò ˘ ˘ Å˘ ˜ Ò ˘ ˘ ˘ ˜ Ú ¯ˇ ˘ˇ¸ ˘ˇ˛ ˜ Ë ˇˇ˘ ˇˇ‡¯ ˜ Ë @ ˘ ¯ ˜ Ë @ ˘ ¯ |˜ Ë @ ˘ ¯ |˜ Ë @ ˘ ¯ <˜ Ë @ ˘ ¯ 8˜ Ë @ ˘ ¯ 8˜ Ë @ ˘ ¯ 8˜ Ë @ ˘ ¯ ˜ Ë @ ˘ ¯ ˜ Ë @ ˘ Ì Ë ˇˇ˘ ˇˇÔ˜ˇ ¯ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ò <¿ —¿ —7 >w ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ˝
Á Ï ˝ „Ä„ Ï ¿˛ <‡„ Î p˛ 8„ Î ˛ Œ„ Î ˝ sĉ Î ¿˛ ‰ Í p˛ ‰ Í ˛ «‰ Í ˝ q¿Â Í ‡˛ pÂ È 8˛ úÂ
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Á ¿ôú È Ê p–« xÈ Ê pqˇ¿È Ê ‚È A@ ˛ ˜ ¿@ x2È A˚ ˆ x ˇ¿È ! ünlÁt7n1‹s¥€∏ë˚ ˝ È " O…^Ij|æôxrëMÂ?‰æ˚ IJ È ! LIPIjD∂ôi≤ëMe§¢˙ ‡˛ È ! ÄOŒNgj<öi0Úq¥Ò‰Ó« ˙ 8˛ È ˚ Ù ˘ ˛ È ˚ Ù ˘ Ä È ˚ Ù ¯ ‡ È ˝ DÚDÑ: Fc < È ˝ e)åC`…îÄÒ È ˝ T‚(îs`IêÄÒ ¿ È ˝ TRû fGcÔ p È ˝ ÕÑJ†AîÔ È ˝ ƒ‚Ñ≤†NgÄ È ‚ ¿È · p6È · $È · ºÈ ‡ È « « « " ÄÄAé<#31Å ‚à ÄΔcAÑ Ê "
Á Ï ˝ „Ä„ Ï ¿˛ <‡„ Î p˛ 8„ Î ˛ Œ„ Î ˝ sĉ Î ¿˛ ‰ Í p˛ ‰ Í ˛ «‰ Í ˝ q¿Â Í ‡˛ pÂ È 8˛ úÂ
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Á ¿ôú È Ê p–« xÈ Ê pqˇ¿È Ê ‚È A@ ˛ ˜ ¿@ x2È A˚ ˆ x ˇ¿È ! ünlÁt7n1‹s¥€∏ë˚ ˝ È " O…^Ij|æôxrëMÂ?‰æ˚ IJ È ! LIPIjD∂ôi≤ëMe§¢˙ ‡˛ È ! ÄOŒNgj<öi0Úq¥Ò‰Ó« ˙ 8˛ È ˚ Ù ˘ ˛ È ˚ Ù ˘ Ä È ˚ Ù ¯ ‡ È ˝ DÚDÑ: Fc < È ˝ e)åC`…îÄÒ È ˝ T‚(îs`IêÄÒ ¿ È ˝ TRû fGcÔ p È ˝ ÕÑJ†AîÔ È ˝ ƒ‚Ñ≤†NgÄ È ‚ ¿È · p6È · $È · ºÈ ‡ È « « « " ÄÄAé<#31Å ‚à ÄΔcAÑ Ê "
° d ONLN d ô ä • ´ ( ¢ äThe har R ° d ONLN d ô ¨ • )"d disk operates in fi ÅÄ ° d ONLN d , ô •Z )Wve modes: power of ɇ ° d ONLN d > ôZ •é )Wf, start-up, r Æ@ ° d ONLN d L ôé •£ )4eady ° d ONLN d P ô£ •≈ ), seek/r :† ° d ONLN d X ô≈ •
)"ead/write, and ° d ONLN d g ¶ ä ≤ ≠ ( Ø ästandby ÁÄ ° d ONLN d n ¶ ¨ ≤ )". The PowerBook Duo har ¿ ° d ONLN d Ö ¶ ≤Í )s*d disk does not implement a shutdown mode.
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° d ONLN d ø fi ä Í Ω ( Á ä In power of ÷Ä ° d ONLN d fi Ω Í™ )36f mode, no power is supplied to the disk, the heads ar Ä ° d ONLN d fi™ ͢ )Ìe parked, and the ° d ONLN d Î ä ˜ Ô ( Ù äspindle is not moving.
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° d ONLN d8# ä/ (, äVThe start-up period is the time after power or a SCSI command has been applied to the ° d ONLN dé0 ä< – *
drive, and befor 3` ° d ONLN dû0 —<# )Ge the drive enters r ‹† ° d ONLN d≤0#<â )Ready mode. On initial r 'Ä ° d ONLN d…0ä<Œ )geceipt of power Ó¿ ° d ONLN dÿ0Õ< )C, the disk goes ° d ONLN dË= äIÍ (F äQinto start-up mode, and the drive delays spindle motor start-up for 700 (+/- 50) ° d ONLN d9J äV≤ *
Dmilliseconds. The drive may perform self-diagnostic tests, or go thr ∂† ° d ONLN d}J≤V (S≤ough a calibration ° d ONLN dêW äc ì (` äpr G ° d ONLN díW îc ≤ )
° d ONLN d“Ó ä˙~ (˜ ä3During standby mode, no power is applied to the HDA ¬ ° d ONLN dÓ~˙¬ )Ù actuator motor \‡ ° d ONLN dÓ¬˙˝ )D. The spindle ° d ONLN d"˚ ä ( äYmotor spins at full speed, and the actuator is locked in position over the landing zone. ° d ONLN d{ äD *
+The interface is enabled, and can send or r g@ ° d ONLN d¶DÙ )∫&eceive commands. The drive may exit fr ∂@ ° d ONLN dÃÙ )∞om ° d ONLN dœ ä! Õ ( äthis mode if it r ° d ONLN d‡ Œ!> )Deceives a SCSI command.
° d ONLN d d äp ´ (m äThe har R ° d ONLN dd ¨pP )"$d disk operates on +5 VDC, +/- 5 per †† ° d ONLN d6dPpn )§cent. V
† ° d ONLN d=dnp ) "oltage ripple tolerance is 100 mV ° d ONLN d_q ä} Œ (z äpeak to peak, fr Ä ° d ONLN doq œ}" )Eom DC to 10 MHz. ˇ¨ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ—Ú ˇÆ ( @ lInternal Hard Disk 4⁄ *˙¯
(‡ *34
)BHard Disk Interface 4 ^ *¿¯
° d ONLN d \ l h r ( e lT µ¿ ° d ONLN d \ q h ì )able 3-1 √@ ° d ONLN d \ ì h5 )" shows the maximum and mean curr ◊¿ ° d ONLN d ) \5 hŒ )¢ ent drain and power consumption ° d ONLN d I i l u o ( r lr E ° d ONLN d J i p u á )equir \@ ° d ONLN d O i á uØ )?ements for the various operating modes of the 40MB and 80MB har fl¿ ° d ONLN d é iØ uÎ ( rØd disk drives.
° d ONLN dÀø lÀ (» l&This section describes the interface r ‰` ° d ONLN dÒø À" )üequir ˚† ° d ONLN dˆø"Àr )ements for the har c` ° d ONLN døsÀ¿ )Qd disk drive. It pr û ° d ONLN dø¿Àfl )Movides ° d ONLN d"à lÿ à (’ lspecifi Ó ° d ONLN d)à àÿu ) 5cations and signal assignments for the SCSI connector ◊Ä ° d ONLN d^Ãuÿw )Ì.
d disk is an 1‡ ° d ONLN dúò )5 ANSC X3T9.2 SCSI interface. Buf Ô@ ° d ONLN dªòÎ )ëfer size supports a ° d ONLN dœ l M ( l31:1 interleave. The drive supports the SCSI asynchr £ ° d ONLN dM ƒ )·onous information transfer ı ° d ONLN d √ Ò )v . The data ° d ONLN d' l*µ (' lGtransfer rate is 1.5 megabytes per second (minimum). The embedded contr n‡ ° d ONLN dn µ*’ ('µoller pr ∏Ä ° d ONLN dv ’*Ù ) ovides ° d ONLN d}+ l7 x (4 lerr @ ° d ONLN dÄ+ y7 à )
ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d&Å lê œ (å lSCSI Connector ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (å3
° d ONLN d5ó l£ († l#The SCSI connector is a 30-pin, shr & ° d ONLN dXó£◊ )ô.ouded, male, keyed, right-angle SCSI connector ‡ ° d ONLN dÜó÷£Ì )—. It is ° d ONLN dé§ l∞ » (≠ llocated, as shown in ò‡ ° d ONLN d£§ »∞ ‡ )\Figur k† ° d ONLN d®§ ‡∞ Ù )e 3-1 ° d ONLN d≠§ ı∞Ë )9, within the envelope of the mounting case. Pin 1 is the ° d ONLN dʱ lΩ Á (∫ l rightmost pin of the upper r 6 ° d ONLN d± ËΩˆ )|;ow when viewing the connector with the drive top cover up.
° d ONLN dˇˇ (\ l*
° d ONLN dˇˇ +Random operation values ar €Ä ° d ONLN dˇˇ )d1e RMS values, with a 40% random seek, 40% write/r ° d ONLN dˇˇ )∫ead ° d ONLN dˇˇ (h t(1 write in 10 r ƒÄ ° d ONLN dˇˇ )3eads), and 20% idle mode.
ò * †¯ 4 ô * †¯ ú l ú¯
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° d ONLN d ù é l ô ì ( ñ l Table 3-1 ° d ONLN d ß é ™ ôg )>-Hard disk current drain and power consumption ° d ONLN d ‘ ß l ≤ É ( Ø lMode
± ≈ µ 4 ≤ ≈ µ ≤ Ÿ ≤}
ˇ·ˇ‚7^ 2∞ ° d ONLN d Ÿ ß ⁄ ≤ )nCurrent (amps)
± µo 4 ≤ µo ≤. ≤“
ˇ·ˇ‚7^ Ú ° d ONLN d È ß1 ≤k )W
Power (watts) @ ° d ONLN d ˚ π Ÿ ƒ Ô ( ¡ ŸMean q` ° d ONLN d π ƒ )+Max. Ò` ° d ONLN d π. ƒD )*Mean rÄ ° d ONLN d
πY ƒn )+ Max.
° d ONLN d « l ” ê ( – lStart-up @ ° d ONLN d « Ÿ ” ‚ )m--- q` ° d ONLN d « ” )+1.000 Ò` ° d ONLN d% «. ”7 )*--- rÄ ° d ONLN d) «Y ”j )+5.00 ° d ONLN d0 Ÿ l  ¡ ( ‚ lRandom Operation
Ä ° d ONLN dˇˇ ( fi ¡*
@ ° d ONLN dA Ÿ Ÿ Â Ô +0.500 q` ° d ONLN dG Ÿ Â )+0.700 Ò` ° d ONLN dM Ÿ. Â? )*2.50 rÄ ° d ONLN dR ŸY Âj )+3.50 ° d ONLN dY Î l ˜ } ( Ù lIdle @ ° d ONLN d^ Î Ÿ ˜ Ô )m0.300 q` ° d ONLN dd Î ˜ )+0.400 Ò` ° d ONLN dj Î. ˜? )*1.50 rÄ ° d ONLN do ÎY ˜j )+2.00 ° d ONLN dv ˝ l ê ( lStandby @ ° d ONLN d~ ˝ Ÿ Ô )m0.200 q` ° d ONLN dÑ ˝ )+0.250 Ò` ° d ONLN dä ˝. ? )*1.00 rÄ ° d ONLN dè ˝Y j )+1.25 ° d ONLN dñ l ö ( lShutdown @ ° d ONLN dü Ÿ Ô )m0.050 q` ° d ONLN d• )+0.075 Ò` ° d ONLN d´.? )*0.25 rÄ ° d ONLN d∞Yj )+0.38
° d ONLN d∏* l2 (0 lNOTE
b¿ ° d ONLN dΩ) á2 ´ )
During a r @ ° d ONLN d«) ¨2n )%6ead operation, +5 V power may be intermittently interr Ÿ@ ° d ONLN d˝)n2Ñ )¬upted ° d ONLN d2 l;é (9 lOwithout permanent damage or loss of data. During a write operation, +5 V power ° d ONLN dT; lD õ *
may be interr Ù ° d ONLN da; õDx )/;upted without causing permanent damage, or data loss of mor Ä ° d ONLN dú;yDê )fie than ° d ONLN d§D lM è (K l
one sector ¨Ä ° d ONLN dÆD èM ë )#. ˇò @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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ˇˇ—Ú ˇÆ ( @ äInternal Hard Disk 4⁄ ä˙ (‡ äHard Disk Interface
(‡ 35 4 ^ H¿ ° d ONLN d \ ä h– ( e äKThe key slot is also up. This connector also supplies +5 V power to the har @ ° d ONLN d K \— hÒ ( e—d disk. ° d ONLN d T i ä u ê ( r äT µ¿ ° d ONLN d U i è u ± )able 3-2 √@ ° d ONLN d ] i ± u6 )" shows the signal assignments ÿ ° d ONLN d z i6 u8 )Ö.
j Hq 4k Hq l äl
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN dß[ äj í (f äT \. ° d ONLN d®[ ëj ) erminator ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (f3
° d ONLN d≤q ä} ´ (z äThe har R ° d ONLN dπq ¨}C )"!d disk has 1000-ohm termination r ˛@ ° d ONLN d⁄qC} )ó/esistors for all signal lines. They pull up to ° d ONLN d ~ ää › (á ätermination power ÀÄ ° d ONLN d~ ‹ä · )R.
ò H † 4 ô H † ú ä ú
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° d ONLN d | é ä ô ± ( ñ ä Table 3-2 ° d ONLN d Ü é » ô Ì )> Hard disk ‡ ° d ONLN d è é Ó ô~ )&" SCSI connector signal assignments ° d ONLN d ± ¶ ä ± ö ( Æ äPin Û` ° d ONLN d ∂ ¶ Ú ±' )h Signal name ı ° d ONLN d ¬ ¶; ±l )I Description
° d ONLN d œ ¥ ä ¿ Δ ( Ω ä1, 2, 15, 29, 30 Û` ° d ONLN d ‡ ¥ Ú ¿& )h +5V HDISK ı ° d ONLN d Í ¥; ¿n )I
+5 V power ° d ONLN d ˆ Δ ä “ ≠ ( œ ä
3, 4, 5, 1 Û` ° d ONLN d Δ ¨ “ fi )"
1, 25, 27, 28 Û` ° d ONLN d Δ Ú “ )FGROUND ı ° d ONLN d Δ; “F )IGr [@ ° d ONLN d ΔG “^ ) ound ° d ONLN d ÿ ä ‰ è ( · ä6 Û` ° d ONLN d ÿ Ú ‰ )h/REQ ı ° d ONLN d$ ÿ; ‰_ )IAccess r %Ä ° d ONLN d, ÿ` ‰| )%equest ° d ONLN d4 Í ä ˆ è ( Û ä7 Û` ° d ONLN d6 Í Ú ˆ )h/C/D ı ° d ONLN d; Í; ˆ )I0When active (low) indicates that data is on the ı ° d ONLN dk ı;Ú * )SCSI bus. When high, indicates that contr »@ ° d ONLN dî ıÚ¸ )∑ol ı ° d ONLN dó ; e ( ;
signals ar Â` ° d ONLN d° e ú )*
e on the bus. ° d ONLN d∞ ä è ( ä8 Û` ° d ONLN d≤ Ú )h/I/O ı ° d ONLN d∑; T )IContr Z` ° d ONLN dºU Å ) ols the dir õ¿ ° d ONLN d«Å ), ection of data movement. When ı ° d ONLN d ;)Ö (&;this signal is low ¿ ° d ONLN d˜ Ö) )J#, data is output, when it is high, ı ° d ONLN d(;4w (1;data is input. ° d ONLN d+: äF è (C ä9 Û` ° d ONLN d-: ÚF
)h/RST ı ° d ONLN d2:;Fh )I
SCSI bus r z‡ ° d ONLN d<:iFz ).eset ° d ONLN dBL äX î (U ä10 Û` ° d ONLN dEL ÚX )h/SEL ı ° d ONLN dJL;XT )ISelect ° d ONLN dR^ äj î (g ä12 Û` ° d ONLN dU^ Új )h/MSG ı ° d ONLN dZ^;j} )I
Message phase ° d ONLN dip ä| î (y ä13 Û` ° d ONLN dlp Ú| ˇ )h/A Ä ° d ONLN dnp | )TN ı ° d ONLN dqp;|è );Attention indicator ° d ONLN dÜÇ äé î (ã ä14 Û` ° d ONLN dâÇ Úé )h/ACK ı ° d ONLN déÇ;éŒ )I Acknowledge (handshake signal) ° d ONLN dÆî ä† î (ù ä16 Û` ° d ONLN d±î Ú†
)h/BSY ı ° d ONLN d∂î;†S )IBusy ° d ONLN dΩ¶ ä≤ î (Ø ä17 Û` ° d ONLN d¿¶ Ú≤ )h/DB[7] ı ° d ONLN d«¶;≤w )IData bus bit 7 ° d ONLN d◊∏ äƒ î (¡ ä18 Û` ° d ONLN d⁄∏ Úƒ )h/DBP ı ° d ONLN dfl∏;ƒ )IData bus parity ° d ONLN d ä÷ î (” ä19 Û` ° d ONLN dÛ Ú÷ )h/DB[5] ı ° d ONLN d˙ ;÷w )IData bus bit 5 ° d ONLN d
‹ äË î ( ä20 Û` ° d ONLN d
‹ ÚË )h/DB[6] ı ° d ONLN d‹;Ëw )IData bus bit 6 ° d ONLN d$Ó ä˙ î (˜ ä21 Û` ° d ONLN d'Ó Ú˙ )h/DB[3] ı ° d ONLN d.Ó;˙w )IData bus bit 3 ° d ONLN d> ä î ( ä22 Û` ° d ONLN dA Ú )h/DB[4] ı ° d ONLN dH ; w )IData bus bit 4 ° d ONLN dX ä î ( ä23 Û` ° d ONLN d[ Ú )h/DB[1] ı ° d ONLN db; w )IData bus bit 1 ° d ONLN dr$ ä0 î (- ä24 Û` ° d ONLN du$ Ú0 )h/DB[2] ı ° d ONLN d|$;0w )IData bus bit 2 ° d ONLN då6 äB î (? ä26 Û` ° d ONLN dè6 ÚB )h/DB[0] ı ° d ONLN dñ6;Bw )IData bus bit 0 ˇ J @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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3, . Ã +∫#CHAPTER ÿ )h4
y H 4 y H H
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ˇˇu÷ ˇÆ ° d ONLN d Z ∫ w“ ( p ∫Input/Output Interfaces ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ä* ( p 4
(‡ *38 4 ^ *¿¯ ° d ONLN d \ l h… ( e lLThe PowerBook Duo input/output interface consists of the following elements: \` ° d ONLN d L \ hà ( e ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN d N r l y q ( x ln
° d ONLN d P o x { ˇ ) The main expansion connector + ° d ONLN d l o ˇ {Ò )á6, which allows you to connect expansion devices, such ° d ONLN d ¢ { x áy ( Ñ x4as the Macintosh Duo MiniDock, PowerBook Duo Floppy á` ° d ONLN d ÷ {y áù ( ÑyAdapter ≠¿ ° d ONLN d › {ù áÊ )$, and Macintosh ° d ONLN d Ì á x ì ( ê x Duo Dock, to the PowerBook Duo.
° d ONLN d
ú l £ q ( ¢ ln
° d ONLN d ô x •I ) ,An 8-pin DIN serial communications connector ˙ ° d ONLN d; ôH •⁄ )–!, which allows you to connect an ° d ONLN d\ • x ± „ ( Æ xexternal modem, printer ù@ ° d ONLN ds • „ ±< )k, or network (LocalT §Ä ° d ONLN dá •< ±O )Yalk).
° d ONLN dç ∫ l ¡ q ( ¿ ln
° d ONLN dè ∑ x √ ) A ∫† ° d ONLN dê ∑ √r )6 power adapter input, which enables you to connect to m@ ° d ONLN dΔ ∑r √µ )Û
AC wall power
° d ONLN d‘ Ã l ” q ( “ ln
° d ONLN d÷ … x ’ ) A ∫† ° d ONLN d◊ … ’¡ )H phone jack to allow you to connect the internal modem to the phone line
° d ONLN d fi l  q ( ‰ ln
° d ONLN d" € x Á ¢ ) An on/of äÄ ° d ONLN d* € ¢ Á ≈ )*f button ° d ONLN d3 Ï l ¯ √ ( ı lThese connectors ar ±@ ° d ONLN dF Ï √ ¯ )We located on the r Z ° d ONLN dX Ï ¯⁄ )L,ear panel of the PowerBook Duo, as shown in ° d ONLN dÑ ˘ l Ñ ( lFigur R¿ ° d ONLN dâ ˘ Ñ ò )e 4-1 @ ° d ONLN dé ˘ ò ö ). ° d ONLN dê l ˆ ( l The PowerBook Duo logic boar •† ° d ONLN d¨ ˆÓ )ä8d has additional connectors that enable the computer to ° d ONLN d‰ l$ Ô (! l interface with the internal har ˇ ° d ONLN d Ô$ )É d disk, the DRAM expansion car ◊Ä ° d ONLN d!$“ )êd, and the internal ° d ONLN d5% l1 ‹ (. lmodem. The interfaces ar Ü¿ ° d ONLN dM% ‹1Ê )p?e described in other chapters of Part I of this developer note.
° d ONLN dç; lB q (A ln
° d ONLN dè8 xD æ ) The internal har D@ ° d ONLN dü8 øD¥ )G9d disk interface is described in Chapter 3, “Internal Har ‡ ° d ONLN dÿ8¥Dÿ )ıd Disk.”
° d ONLN d·M lT q (S ln
° d ONLN d„J xVü ) @The modem interface is described in Chapter 5, “Internal Modem.”
° d ONLN d$_ lf q (e ln
° d ONLN d&\ xh Í ) The DRAM expansion car ¿ ° d ONLN d<\ ÍhÎ )r7d connector is described in Chapter 6, “DRAM Expansion ° d ONLN dsh xt à (q xCar \ ° d ONLN dvh àt ô )ds.”
ï *¶¯ 4ñ *¶¯ "ñ *]
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° d ONLN d{ã lñ ñ (ì l
Figure 4-1 ° d ONLN dÜã Æñ9 )B Rear panel of the PowerBook Duo
¶ jù¯ 4• i¶ j ò 4 @ó @ó¶ jÊ Õ Õ ˘ œ ¸ ¿˛ ¿Ï ˘ ˝ åÄ Ä ¸ ¿˛ ¿Ï ˘ ˘≥ ÃôS\òœ”3åÊÏ•Œ¿Ï ˘ {°˚Ûè-WϵÏ÷åZ◊ÏfiΔù~¿Ï ˘ F†⁄ å-§lµÓ÷åZ◊åfiΔµx¿Ï ˘ ^†⁄fiå-•ÏµÔ÷çZ◊ØfiΔµz¿Ï ˘ ‡û å£oÕúc2÷Êl« n¿Ï Ê È Õ Õ Õ Õ fiˇ Û ¿fi Û Äfi Û Äfi Û Äfi Û Äfi Û Äfi Û Ä„ ˛ˇÄÛ Ä„ ˛ˇÄÛ Ä„ ˛ˇÄÛ Ä„ ˛ˇÄÛ ÄÊ ˛ˇÄÛ Ä ˇ¯Í ˛ˇÄÛ Ä Î ¡‡ ˛ˇÄÛ Ä Î ˛ˇÄÛ Ä Ì 0 ˛ˇÄÛ Ä Úˇ¸ ? ˛ˇÄÛ Ä x ¿ Òˇ ˛ˇÄÛ Ä @ @ˇÄ Òˇ à ˛ˇÄÛ Ä @ @ˇÄ Òˇ ˇà ˛ˇÄÛ Ä @ @ˇÄ?ÒˇÄ ˇà ˛ˇÄÛ Ä @ @ˇÄ?ÒˇÄ à ˛ˇÄÛ Ä @ @ Òˇ ˛ˇÄÛ Ä @ @ Òˇ > ˛ˇÄÛ Ä @ @ Òˇ 0 ˛ˇÄÛ Ä @ @ Úˇ¯ Ä` ˛ˇÄÛ Ä @ @Î ·¿ ˛ˇÄÛ Ä @ @˜ ˆ ? ˛ˇÄÛ Ä @ @¯ Û ˛ˇÄÛ Ä @ @¯ Û ˛ˇÄÛ Ä @ @¯ Û ˛ˇÄÛ Ä @ @¯ Û ˛ˇÄÛ Ä ˇˇ¿¯ ˆ ˛ˇÄÛ Ä¸ ¯ ˆ #˛ˇ†Û ĸ ¯ ˆ ˙ Û Ä ¯ ˆ ˙ Û Ä ¯ ˆ ˙ Û Ä ¯ ˆ ¸ Û Ä ¯ ˆ ˚ Û Ä ¯ ˆ ˙ Û Ä ¯ ˆ ˙ Û ‡ ¯ ˆ ˙ pÛ ?fiˇ ¿Û ˝ ¯ ˆ ˚ Ú ˝ ¯ ˆ Î ˝ ¯ ˆ Î ˝ ¯ ˆ 0Ì ˝ ¯ ˆ Î ˝ ¯ ˆ ˚ Ú ˝ ¯ ˆ Î ò 4 @ Äó @ ÄóÊ j& ˝ ¯ ˆ Î ˝ ¯ ˆ ÄÌ
 ¯Ã ÄÙ Ê ˚U_’UU@Ù Ê ˛Ã»ÃÃˇ˛Ã¿@ı Ê 33233˘ˇ ‡¯ Ê UUQUU_—UUP˛ ¯ Ê 33"#˛3‚330˛ ¯ Ê Ãÿ Ãû ÃÃ˛ ¯ Ê UUDEUUTDUUT ¯ Ê ÃÃ˚àåÃÃ˛ ¯ Ê 330˚ 33˛ ¯ Ê UUQ˙UU@ ¯ Ê 33˘"33( ¯ Ê Ãÿ˙ Lÿ ¯ Á UU˘DUUP ¯ Ê ÃÃ˘àåÿ ¯ ò 4 Ä ¿ó Ä ¿ó& jf Á 32˘ 30 ¯ Á UU˘UT ¯ Á 32#ˇ‚/ˇ"˙#30 ¯ Á û @ Ãà ¯ Á UTE $HD@ EUT ¯ Á ûâ (àà¿àÃà ¯ Á 3 @ 33 ¯ Á UQ 1@ UU ¯ Á 33"# "(Ò"C
"33 ¯ Á ÃÄ D ÃÄ ¯ Ì Å UDE $H!DG DUU ¯ Ì ≥ô œ Ãàâ(à!àƒààåÿ ¸ ¸ #Ì Jç) 33 A Dà 3 '1»3`ˇ #Ì ˙µ) UU 1AC U@ %J$ïPêˇ #Ì ¬•) 32"# "("@
"#3 %y<ïHjˇ #Ì 2ù … Ãà @ ÿ %@†ïDJġ Í UTDE $HD@ DEU@ %1ÂH:`ˇ Í ÃÃàâ (àà¿àåÿ¸ ĸ Á 30 ˇ‡ˇ ¯ 30¸ ĸ È @UQˆUPˆ Ì õúΔ€32˜"#30¸ IJ Ì fï)f ûˆ ÿ fÁ1∂q∞˛ Ì &ïËfUT˜D
EUP ô•JYê»˛ Ì fï f ûˆà ÿ â•z ê»˛ Ì öîΔZ30˜
30 ô•BXê»˛ Ë UQˇˇˇÒ ˇ˘UP f•1ñp∞˛ Ë 32# "@ "(
#30 ¯ Á ÿ¡ @ û ¯ Î @Ö UTEÅD@ $H EUP ¯ "Ï Ÿµ ûâAà¿`(ààû ˛ ˇ "Ï
dù 30 A @` ˛ 30 nb$ÉÊß8ˇ "Ï |Ì UQ A@†1 UP ö4E…•Hˇ "Ï `Õ 32#Å"@"($
#30 ä“$Ñ…•Hˇ "Ï ÿΩ Ã¿ @ û öëD…•Hˇ Ë UTE D@ $H EUP jr$ÉΔÂ8ˇ Á Ã»âˇˇàˇˇËèˇ¯àÿ ˝ Ä˝ Ë 30˜ 30 ˛ ¸ Ë UQˆUP ¯ Ë 32˜"#30 ¯ Á ûˆ ÿ ¯ Ë UT˜DEUP ¯ Á ÃØàåÿ ¯ Á 30 ˇ˛ˇ˛ 30 ¯ Á UU U@ ¯ Á 32""$ $ ""#3 ¯ Á Là ÿ ¯ Á UT˛D DDDEU@ ¯ Á LÃààååààåÿ ¯ Á 33 3 ¯ Á ˛U˛U ¯ Á ˝3$$#˛3 ¯ Á ˛Ã ˛ÃÄ ¯ Á ˛UGˇ˛Gˇ˛E˛U ¯ Á ˛Ã˚à å˛Ã ¯ Á ˛3˚ 3Û3 ¯ Á ˛U˚_ıT ¯ Á ˛3˚"#?˝ˇ ‡¯ Á ˛Ã˚ fl¸Ã ¯ Á UU’˚DEUıP ¯ Ê ˛Ã˚àåÃû ¯ Á 33Û˚ 330 ¯ Á UUı˚UUP ¯ Ê 33Û˚"#33 ¯ Ê LÕÏ˚ Ãÿ ¯ ò 4 ¿ ó ¿ óf j¶ Ê UUı˚DEUU@ ¯ Ê Õ¸˚àåÃÃÄ ¯ Ê 3Û˚ 33˛ ¯ Ê UU˚UT˛ ¯ Ê 3s˚"332˛ ¯ Ê Ãÿ¸ ˛Ã˛ ¯ Ê UUT˝DEUUP˛ ¯  ˛Ã˝àåÃÿ˛ ¯  3s3˝ ˛3 ˛ ¯  ˛U Q˛˛U @˛ ¯  s33""˝3˝ ¯  ¯Ã˝ ¯  ˘U T˝ ¯ ‰ ˘Ã »˝ ¯  s˙3 0˝ ¯ ‰ ˘U @˝ ¯ ‰ S˙3¸ ¯ ‰ L˙ø ¯ ‰ A˚U P¸ ¯ ‰ @˚à ¿¸ ¯ ‰ @˚3˚ ¯ ‰ @˝U T˚ ¯ ‰ @ ˝3 ˚ ¯ ‰ @ ˛Ã˙ ¯ ‰ @ UU@˙ ¯
° d ONLN d ô ä •A ( ¢ ä'The 152-pin main expansion connector pr ø@ ° d ONLN d @ ôA • )∑+ovides the interface between the PowerBook ° d ONLN d k ¶ ä ≤ ˇ ( Ø äDuo, and expansion featur ° d ONLN d Ñ ¶ ≤¨ )v$es such as the PowerBook Duo Floppy ؇ ° d ONLN d ® ¶´ ≤ˆ )´Adapter and the ° d ONLN d ∏ ≥ ä ø ( º äTMacintosh Duo MiniDock. These devices contain matching 152-pin connectors that plug ° d ONLN d ¿ ä à ñ *
dir I ° d ONLN d ¿ ó ÃÆ )
=ectly into the connector on the PowerBook Duo main logic boar † ° d ONLN dL ¿Ø Ã˝ ( …Ød. The expansion ° d ONLN d] Õ ä Ÿ ( ÷ ä connector gives the devices dir ¢† ° d ONLN d| Õ Ÿn )àect access to the micr …‡ ° d ONLN dí Õn Ÿ} )\opr Ä ° d ONLN dï Õ~ Ÿû )ocessor U` ° d ONLN dú Õü ŸŸ )!’s 32-bit addr \` ° d ONLN d™ ÕŸ Ÿ˝ ): ess bus, ° d ONLN d≥ ⁄ ä Ê ˙ ( „ ä32-bit data bus, and contr €¿ ° d ONLN dÕ ⁄ ˙ ÊO )pol signals. It also pr g¿ ° d ONLN d„ ⁄P ʵ )Vovides access to power ∑¿ ° d ONLN d˘ ⁄¥ Êœ )d, contr v@ ° d ONLN d ⁄– Ê ) ol, and ° d ONLN d Á ä ÛL ( ä-status signals in other parts of the computer œÄ ° d ONLN d6 ÁK Ûd )¡. Ther P@ ° d ONLN d< Áe Ûu )e ar ^‡ ° d ONLN d@ Áu Û˛ ) e two versions of the connector ` ° d ONLN d_ Á˛ Û )â, ° d ONLN db Ù ä – ( ˝ äas shown below Ñ` ° d ONLN dp Ù – “ )F. ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN dr
ä è ( än
° d ONLN dt ñ. ) JAE part number JX20-152BA-D1L ° d ONLN dí.4 )òT ò@ ° d ONLN dì3¯ ).-H is the right-angle version of the connector …Ä ° d ONLN d¡¯ )≈. It is ° d ONLN d… ñ : ( ñ"used for the PowerBook Duo Floppy « ° d ONLN dÎ: ^ )§Adapter Ì` ° d ONLN dÚ^ ` )$.
° d ONLN dÙ( ä/ è (. än
° d ONLN dˆ% ñ13 ) JAE part number JX20-152BA-D1ST y† ° d ONLN d%31Í )ù+-H is the straight version of the connector √‡ ° d ONLN d@%È1 )∂. It is ° d ONLN dH1 ñ=B (: ñ$used for the Macintosh Duo MiniDock. ° d ONLN dmB äN (K äPThe 152-pin connector on the PowerBook Duo computer accepts a maximum insertion ° d ONLN dΩO ä[ *
Qload of 28 pounds, when an expansion device is plugged into it. The connector is ° d ONLN d\ äh *
designed to withstand appr ë` ° d ONLN d(\hÔ )z6oximately 5000 lifetime insertions, and, based on curr † ° d ONLN d^\h )Ïent ° d ONLN dbi äu (r ä[testing, has a tolerance for misalignment of 9 thousandths of an inch in both vertical and ° d ONLN dΩv äÇ « *
horizontal dir \† ° d ONLN dÀv «Ç Ò )=
ections. T ‡ ° d ONLN d’v ÇØ ))+wo holes, one on each side of the connector ≈‡ ° d ONLN d vÆÇ‹ )æ , serve as r 1 ° d ONLN d v›Ç )/ eceptacles ° d ONLN dÉ äèG (å ä+for the guide pins on the expansion device. ° d ONLN dCï ä° ê *T µ¿ ° d ONLN dDï è° ± )able 4-1 √@ ° d ONLN dLï ±°Ã )"> shows the signal assignments for the main expansion connector `† ° d ONLN däïð— (ûÃ. @ ° d ONLN dåï—°ÿ )A <‡ ° d ONLN dçïÿ°
) slash befor P@ ° d ONLN dôï
° )2e ° d ONLN dõ¢ äÆo (´ ä4a signal name (/RST) indicates an active-low signal.
— HŸ 4“ HŸ ’ ä’
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° d ONLN d–« ä“ ± *$ Table 4-1 ° d ONLN d⁄« »“Ä )>+Main expansion connector signal assignments äp ° d ONLN d«Ä“Ç )∏ ° d ONLN dˇˇ (Á ä
° d ONLN d≥ <,B )lT G‡ ° d ONLN d¥ A,â )ransfer size bit 0 ° d ONLN d»2 l> q (; l1 Û` ° d ONLN d…2 p> z )18 ° d ONLN dÃ2 –> fl )`DA G ° d ONLN dŒ2 fl>  )T ™Ä ° d ONLN dœ2 ‰> ˜ )A[8]
° d ONLN d‘2<>f )X
Data bit 8 ° d ONLN d‡D lP q (M l1 Û` ° d ONLN d·D pP z )19 ° d ONLN d‰D –P fl )`DA G ° d ONLN dÊD flP  )T ™Ä ° d ONLN dÁD ‰P ˜ )A[9]
° d ONLN dÏD<Pf )X
Data bit 9 ° d ONLN d¯V lb { (_ l120 ° d ONLN d¸V –b fl )dDA G ° d ONLN d˛V flb  )T ™Ä ° d ONLN dˇV ‰b ¸ )A[10]
° d ONLN dV<bk )X Data bit 10 ° d ONLN dh lt { (q l121 ° d ONLN dh –t fl )dDA G ° d ONLN dh flt  )T ™Ä ° d ONLN dh ‰t Ù )A[1 9 ° d ONLN d h Ùt ¸ )1]
° d ONLN d h<tf )H
Data bit 1 2Ä ° d ONLN d)hftk )*1 ° d ONLN d,z lÜ { (É l122 ° d ONLN d0z –Ü )d +5VEXTSENSE
° d ONLN d<z<Üë )l+5 V external sense ° d ONLN dQå lò { (ï l123 ° d ONLN dUå –ò fl )dDA G ° d ONLN dWå flò  )T ™Ä ° d ONLN dXå ‰ò ¸ )A[12]
° d ONLN d^å<òk )X Data bit 12 ° d ONLN dkû l™ { (ß l124 ° d ONLN doû –™ fl )dDA G ° d ONLN dqû fl™  )T ™Ä ° d ONLN drû ‰™ ¸ )A[13]
° d ONLN dxû<™k )X Data bit 13 ° d ONLN dÖ∞ lº { (π l125 ° d ONLN dâ∞ –º fl )dDA G ° d ONLN dã∞ flº  )T ™Ä ° d ONLN då∞ ‰º ¸ )A[14]
° d ONLN dí∞<ºk )X Data bit 14
g * n¯ 4 g * n¯ j l j¯
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° d ONLN dˇˇ ( d l Table 4-1 ° d ONLN dˇˇ )>+Main expansion connector signal assignments äp ° d ONLN dˇˇ )∏ (continued) ° d ONLN dˇˇ ( | l
° d ONLN djx äÑ ˜ (Å äThe serial interface contr ä` ° d ONLN dÑx ˜Ñ )m@olled by the SCC portion of the Combo chip, is connected to the ° d ONLN dƒÖ äë ⁄ (é äexternal world thr Δ† ° d ONLN d÷Ö ⁄ëT )Pough an eight-pin, miniatur ^` ° d ONLN dÒÖUëù ){e DIN connector B ° d ONLN d Öùëı )H. Each signal passes ° d ONLN dí äû ó (õ äthr X¿ ° d ONLN dí óû1 )
"ough a series 47-ohm termination r œ‡ ° d ONLN d:í1ûM )öesistor È ° d ONLN dAíMûR ) . È ° d ONLN dCíRûX )T ¿ ° d ONLN dDíXûz )able 4-2 ,@ ° d ONLN dLízû )"$ on the next page lists serial port ° d ONLN dpü ä´ (® äVconnector signal assignments. The table indicates to which pins on the SCC Combo chip ° d ONLN dΔ¨ ä∏ Û *
the serial port signals ar D@ ° d ONLN d‡¨ Ù∏( )j e connected x ° d ONLN dΨ(∏* )4. ° d ONLN d Ç ä é ô ( ã ä126 ° d ONLN d Ç Ó é ˝ )dDA G ° d ONLN d Ç ˝ é )T ™Ä ° d ONLN d Ç é )A[15]
° d ONLN d
ÇZ éâ )X Data bit 15 ° d ONLN d î ä † ô ( ù ä127 ° d ONLN d î Ó † ˝ )dDA G ° d ONLN d î ˝ † )T ™Ä ° d ONLN d ! î † )A[16]
° d ONLN d ' îZ †â )X Data bit 16 ° d ONLN d 4 ¶ ä ≤ ô ( Ø ä128 ° d ONLN d 8 ¶ Ó ≤ ˝ )dDA G ° d ONLN d : ¶ ˝ ≤ )T ™Ä ° d ONLN d ; ¶ ≤ )A[24]
° d ONLN d A ¶Z ≤â )X Data bit 24 ° d ONLN d N ∏ ä ƒ ô ( ¡ ä129 ° d ONLN d R ∏ Ó ƒ ˝ )dDA G ° d ONLN d T ∏ ˝ ƒ )T ™Ä ° d ONLN d U ∏ ƒ )A[25]
° d ONLN d [ ∏Z ƒâ )X Data bit 25 ° d ONLN d h ä ÷ ô ( ” ä130 ° d ONLN d l Ó ÷ ˝ )dDA G ° d ONLN d n ˝ ÷ )T ™Ä ° d ONLN d o ÷ )A[26]
° d ONLN d u Z ÷â )X Data bit 26 ° d ONLN d Ç ‹ ä Ë ô (  ä131 ° d ONLN d Ü ‹ Ó Ë ˝ )dDA G ° d ONLN d à ‹ ˝ Ë )T ™Ä ° d ONLN d â ‹ Ë )A[27]
° d ONLN d è ‹Z Ëâ )X Data bit 27 ° d ONLN d ú Ó ä ˙ ô ( ˜ ä132 ° d ONLN d † Ó Ó ˙ ˝ )dDA G ° d ONLN d ¢ Ó ˝ ˙ )T ™Ä ° d ONLN d £ Ó ˙ )A[28]
° d ONLN d √ Z â )X Data bit 29 ° d ONLN d – ä ô ( ä134 ° d ONLN d ‘ Ó ˝ )dDA G ° d ONLN d ÷ ˝ )T ™Ä ° d ONLN d ◊ )A[30]
° d ONLN d ›Z â )X Data bit 30 ° d ONLN d Í$ ä0 ô (- ä135 ° d ONLN d Ó$ Ó0 ˝ )dDA G ° d ONLN d $ ˝0 )T ™Ä ° d ONLN d Ò$0 )A[31]
° d ONLN d ˜$Z0â )X Data bit 31 ° d ONLN d6 äB ô (? ä136 ° d ONLN d6 ÓB ˙ )dMI
° d ONLN d 6ZBô )l Memory contr U¿ ° d ONLN d6ôB )? oller inhibit for cache access ° d ONLN d7H äT ô (Q ä137 ° d ONLN d;H ÓT )d/SWIM CS
° d ONLN dDHZT¶ )lSWIM chip select ° d ONLN dVZ äf ô (c ä138 ° d ONLN dZZ Óf* )d /SLOT E IRQ
° d ONLN dfZZf )l$Pseudo-NuBus expansion slot E interr ÅÄ ° d ONLN däZf )®upt ° d ONLN dèl äx ô (u ä139 ° d ONLN dìl Óx )d/PFW
° d ONLN dòlZxÛ )l!Power fail warning (shutdown bit) ° d ONLN dª~ ää ô (á ä140 ° d ONLN dø~ Óä )d /IO RESET
° d ONLN d…~Zä÷ )lReset output to I/O systems ° d ONLN dÊê äú ô (ô ä143 ° d ONLN dÍê Óú )dDAA ? ° d ONLN dÌêú( ) CNTLF
° d ONLN dÙêZúñ )U Modem DAA ` ° d ONLN d˝êïúÆ ); contr .‡ ° d ONLN dêØú∑ )ol ° d ONLN d¢ äÆ ô (´ ä144 ° d ONLN d ¢ ÓÆ )dDAA ? ° d ONLN d¢Æ ) ID IN
° d ONLN d¢ZÆâ )U ID input fr G ° d ONLN d ¢âƈ )/om 152-pin connector to
° d ONLN d8≠Zπã (∂Z modem car ≈@ ° d ONLN dA≠ãπë )1d ° d ONLN dDø äÀ ô (» ä145 ° d ONLN dHø ÓÀ$ )d /RING DET
° d ONLN dRøZÀ≤ )lRing detect signal fr Ø ° d ONLN dgø≤À )Xom the modem DAA ° d ONLN dy— ä› ô (⁄ ä146 ° d ONLN d}— Ó› )d/RB DVR
° d ONLN dÖ—Z›É )lModem r ˆ@ ° d ONLN då—Ç›∫ )(
elay B driver ° d ONLN dõ„ äÔ ô (Ï ä147 ° d ONLN dü„ ÓÔ )d/RA w‡ ° d ONLN d¢„Ô ) DVR
° d ONLN dß„ZÔÉ )XModem r ˆ@ ° d ONLN dÆ„ÇÔñ )(elay Y ° d ONLN d≥„óÔû )A ì† ° d ONLN d¥„ûÔª ) driver ° d ONLN dΩı ä ô (˛ ä148 ° d ONLN d¡ı Ó+ )d EXT MIC SEL
° d ONLN dÕıZï )l
External micr {Ä ° d ONLN d⁄ıïÈ );ophone plugged in ° d ONLN dÌ ä ô ( ä149 ° d ONLN dÒ Ó- )d NC(EXT MIC)
° d ONLN d˝Z )l(No connect (external line or mike level) ° d ONLN d' ä% ô (" ä150 ° d ONLN d+ Ó%! )d /SPKR SEL
° d ONLN d5Z%÷ )lExternal speaker plugged in
g H n 4 g H n j ä j
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° d ONLN dˇˇ ( d ä Table 4-1 ° d ONLN dˇˇ )>+Main expansion connector signal assignments äp ° d ONLN dˇˇ )∏ (continued) ° d ONLN dˇˇ ( | ä
° d ONLN dÿ‘ l‡ Ó (› l The power connector on the r ú¿ ° d ONLN dÙ‘ Ó‡Ê )Ç7ear panel enables you to connect an external power sour æ ° d ONLN d+‘Ê‡Ò )¯ce ° d ONLN d.· lÌ é (Í lfor char ¬† ° d ONLN d6· éÌ œ )"ging batteries. “@ ° d ONLN dF· œÌ ’ )AT ° d ONLN dG· ’Ì ˜ )able 4-3 Ä ° d ONLN dO· ˜Ì„ )"4 summarizes the signal assignments for the connector f` ° d ONLN dÉ·„Ì )Ï.
g * n¯ 4 g * n¯ j l j¯
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° d ONLN d \ l g ì ( d l Table 4-2 ° d ONLN d
\ ™ gL )>(Serial port connector signal assignments Ü¿ ° d ONLN d @ \L gN )¢ ° d ONLN dˇˇ ( | lPin Û` ° d ONLN dˇˇ )6 Signal name F ° d ONLN dˇˇ )N Description
° d ONLN d \ Ç l é q ( ã l1 Û` ° d ONLN d ^ Ç ¢ é º )6HSKo F ° d ONLN d c Ç éfl )N3Handshake output. Connected to the Request to Send F ° d ONLN d ñ ç ô ˙ * (R Èá ° d ONLN d ò ç ˘ ôz ) TS) pin on the Combo chip. T ¬á ° d ONLN d ¥ çz ô· )Åristated when the Data F ° d ONLN d À ò § ˆ ( ° T {« ° d ONLN d à ò ı §° )'erminal Ready (DTR) signal is inactive. ° d ONLN d ı ™ l ∂ q ( ≥ l2 Û` ° d ONLN d ˜ ™ ¢ ∂ π )6HSKi F ° d ONLN d ¸ ™ ∂ï )N#Handshake input. Connected to the T QÁ ° d ONLN d ™ï ∂fi )•ransmit Receive F ° d ONLN d/ µ ¡ö ( æ $Clock (TRXC) pin on the Combo chip. ° d ONLN dU « l ” q ( – l3 Û` ° d ONLN dW « ¢ ” º )6/TXD F ° d ONLN d\ « ” ˆ )NT Ä« ° d ONLN d] « ı ”¥ )+ransmit data (inverted). Connected to the T ´G ° d ONLN dà «≥ ”Ó )æ
ransmit Data F ° d ONLN dï “ fi~ ( € (TXD) pin on the Combo chip. T õÁ ° d ONLN d≥ “} fi‹ )çristated when DTR is F ° d ONLN d» › È ( Ê inactive ° d ONLN d“ Ô l ˚ q ( ¯ l4 Û` ° d ONLN d‘ Ô ¢ ˚ Æ )6SG F ° d ONLN d◊ Ô ˚ )N Signal gr ã' ° d ONLN d‡ Ô ˚Δ )''ound. Connected to logic and chassis gr %á ° d ONLN d Ô« ˚‡ )∞ound. ° d ONLN d l
These pins ar ΔG ° d ONLN dßu*Åñ ):e connected to chassis gr g ° d ONLN d¿uóÅÆ )mound
*¯ 4 *¯ l¯
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° d ONLN dÖ l ì ( l Table 4-3 ° d ONLN dè ™< )>"Power connector signal assignments ° d ONLN d± l) z (& lPin Ût ° d ONLN dµ ¢) ◊ )6 Signal name F$ ° d ONLN d¡ )! )N Description
° d ONLN dŒ, l8 q (5 l1 Ût ° d ONLN d–, ¢8 Œ )6+24V EXT F$ ° d ONLN dŸ, 89 )NRaw 24 V power ° d ONLN dÈ> lJ q (G l2 Ût ° d ONLN dÎ> ¢J Õ )6P/S GND F$ ° d ONLN dÛ> J )N
Point wher ¯d ° d ONLN d˝> JR )0 e chassis gr ˜$ ° d ONLN d >RJº )2ound connects to p/s gr ˝ ° d ONLN d >ºJ” )jound ° d ONLN d&P l\ q (Y l3 Ût ° d ONLN d(P ¢\ … )6ADB DA ⁄‘ ° d ONLN d.P …\ œ )'T >4 ° d ONLN d/P œ\ ÷ )A F$ ° d ONLN d1P \ )!ADB data ° d ONLN d;b ln { (k l4, 5 Ût ° d ONLN d@b ¢n ≠ )6Gr Yî ° d ONLN dBb Æn ≈ ) ound F$ ° d ONLN dGb n )B Safety gr I ° d ONLN dPbn. )'ound ˇj @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
° d ONLN d ô ä • ë ( ¢ äA ∫† ° d ONLN d ô ë • ¥ ) standar l ° d ONLN d ô µ • œ )$d RJ-1 — ° d ONLN d & ô œ • )1 phone jack pr R@ ° d ONLN d 5 ô •˚ )D4ovides the modem interface with the telephone line. ° d ONLN d i ¶ ä ≤ „ ( Ø äModem functions ar 4` ° d ONLN d { ¶ ‰ ≤œ )Z5e described in detail in Chapter 5, “Internal Modem.” ˇ J @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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4 ^ *¿¯ ˇé @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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4⁄ ∫˙ , Palatino
3, . Ã +∫#CHAPTER ÿ )h5
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ˇˇu÷ ˇÆ ° d ONLN d Z ∫ wu ( p ∫Internal Modem ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ä* ( p 5
° d ONLN d \ l hã ( e l>Since the PowerBook Duo is portable, the communications featur ı` ° d ONLN d > \ã h„ ( eães of the machine ar ¿ ° d ONLN d R \‰ hÎ )Ye ° d ONLN d T i l u t ( r lcr Œ‡ ° d ONLN d V i t uÚ )Qucial. The computer has a PSTN (public switch telephone network) modem, known as ° d ONLN d ß v l Ç ◊ ( lthe 3615 modem, that pr ˝Ä ° d ONLN d æ v ◊ Ç )kovides wide-ar ·† ° d ONLN d à v Çk )Bea connectivity thr —@ ° d ONLN d fl vk ÇŸ )Rough its modem and fax ° d ONLN d ˆ É l è † ( å l
capabilities. ° d ONLN d ï l °- *)The data modem is full-duplex and asynchr “† ° d ONLN d- ï- °fi )¡'onous, and supports all popular standar N@ ° d ONLN dT ïfl °Î )≤ds ° d ONLN dW ¢ l Æ Ì ( ´ lup to and including CCITT V ËÄ ° d ONLN dr ¢ Ï Æ˜ )Ä;.32 bis (14400bps). The modem also performs fax emulation, ° d ONLN d≠ Ø l ª ˆ ( ∏ l which allows you to send and r ° d ONLN dÀ Ø ˜ ª )ã eceive Gr X ° d ONLN d‘ Ø ªƒ ))"oup 3 fax documents, using CCITT V ` ° d ONLN dˆ Ø√ ª“ )£.29 ° d ONLN d˙ º l » ≤ ( ≈ l(7200-9600 bps). ° d ONLN d Œ l ⁄ } *Har ñ` ° d ONLN d Œ } ⁄ î )dwar Œ ° d ONLN d Œ î ⁄ ÿ )e design and pr 7@ ° d ONLN d! Œ Ÿ ⁄ )Eotocol standar ‰@ ° d ONLN d/ Œ ⁄≥ )>!ds qualify the modem for PTT appr A† ° d ONLN dP Œ¥ ⁄ )ù oval in the ° d ONLN d\ € l ÁZ ( ‰ l3United States, Canada, and Japan (domestic modem). _† ° d ONLN dè €Z Áa )ÓA ö@ ° d ONLN dê €a ÁÄ ) modifi t† ° d ONLN dó €Å ÁÒ ) ed version, known as the ° d ONLN d∞ Ë l Ù; ( Ò l,international modem, conforms to PTT standar @ ° d ONLN d‹ Ë< Ùh )–
ds for Eur ‡ ° d ONLN dÊ Ëh Ù€ ),opean and other overseas ° d ONLN dˇ ı l ô ( ˛ l countries. b@ ° d ONLN d
ı ö ≤ ).Figur 5 ° d ONLN d ı ≤ Δ )e 5-1 “Ä ° d ONLN d ı ΔÕ ): shows an outline of the domestic version of the modem car ¡¿ ° d ONLN dN ıÕÎ ( ˛Õd, and ° d ONLN dU l Ñ ( lFigur R¿ ° d ONLN dZ Ñ ò )e 5-2 @ ° d ONLN d_ òd )0 shows an outline of the international version. . ° d ONLN dê l ∞ ( l
logic boar ¿ ° d ONLN dÔ! ò-F ),%d. The connector can accommodate the ( ° d ONLN d!F-ï )ÆApple modem car ›† ° d ONLN d#!ï-‰ )Od or a compatible ° d ONLN d5. l: { (7 lthir A ° d ONLN d9. |: — )d-party modem car Ø ° d ONLN dJ. —: ‹ )Ud.
° d ONLN d]} lâ Ì (Ü l This section describes the har Ô† ° d ONLN d{} Ìâ )Ådwar '` ° d ONLN d}â )e r 6 ° d ONLN dÇ}â' ) equir M@ ° d ONLN dá}'â— )$ed to implement the modem function, ° d ONLN d´ä lñ € (ì lincluding the modem car ì† ° d ONLN d¬ä €ñk )o"ds and telephone line interfaces.
° d ONLN dˇ¬ lŒ ª (À lThe components r ‡ ° d ONLN d¬ ºŒ ” )Pequir 5 ° d ONLN d¬ ”Œß )*ed to implement the PowerBook Duo modem ar {† ° d ONLN d>¬ßŒÓ )‘e mounted on a ° d ONLN dMœ l€ ö (ÿ l printed cir Û‡ ° d ONLN dXœ ö€ ∫ ).cuit car K@ ° d ONLN d`œ ª€ )!d, r , ° d ONLN ddœ € fi )eferr ¿ ° d ONLN diœ fi€D )ed to as the modem car :Ä ° d ONLN dœE€P )gd. V@ ° d ONLN dÇœP€h ) Figur ) ° d ONLN dáœh€| )e 5-1 ΔÄ ° d ONLN dåœ|€ë ) and ≥† ° d ONLN dëœí€™ )Figur Ü` ° d ONLN dñœ™€æ )e 5-2 #‡ ° d ONLN dõœø€À ) pr k ° d ONLN dûœÀ€ˆ )
Figure 5-1 ° d ONLN d \ Ã gó )B1Outline of domestic and international modem cards
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d =_ änA (j ä Modem Implementation for Dif «Ë ° d ONLN d Y_Anò )∑ferent Markets ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r )Õ5
° d ONLN d hu äÅ ê (~ äT µ¿ ° d ONLN d iu èÅ † )o pr r` ° d ONLN d mu °Å ¥ )epar ° d ONLN d qu µÅ )Le the PowerBook Duo for international markets, the built-in modem must meet ° d ONLN d ΩÇ äé‘ (ã äFeach overseas country’s phone system interface and modem performance r œ` ° d ONLN dÇ‘éÎ (ã‘equir ʆ ° d ONLN dÇÎé )ements. ° d ONLN dè äõ (ò ä This means that modem softwar @ ° d ONLN d-èõ} )èe, and occasionally har pÄ ° d ONLN dDè}õî )ddwar ®@ ° d ONLN dHèîõª )
Pversion of the modem consists of the same basic elements: the data pump and the ° d ONLN d]√ äœ *
telephone interface, or DAA è` ° d ONLN dx√œ∫ )|) (data access arrangement). It is the DAA ‹‡ ° d ONLN d°√∫œ )¥ that changes to ° d ONLN d≤– ä‹ fi (Ÿ äaccommodate the r Ω† ° d ONLN d√– fi‹ ı )Tequir ‘‡ ° d ONLN d»– ı‹. )
ements of dif Ć ° d ONLN d’–/‹; ):fer c ° d ONLN dÿ–;‹è ) ent phone systems. ° d ONLN d΂ äÓ √ (Î ä As shown in j@ ° d ONLN d˜‚ ƒÓ ‹ ):Figur = ° d ONLN d¸‚ ‹Ó )e 5-3 ⁄Ä ° d ONLN d‚ ÓÜ )!, all domestic modem functions ar ≈@ ° d ONLN d"‚ÜÓı )ñe housed on the same car ≥` ° d ONLN d:‚ıÓ )od. The ° d ONLN dAÔ ä˚ (¯ ä international version of the car Ä ° d ONLN daÔ˚v )àd has an external DAA s¿ ° d ONLN dvÔv˚Ë )d extension, which can be r Y‡ ° d ONLN dêÔË˚ )replaced ° d ONLN dò¸ ä à ( ä
without modifi lÄ ° d ONLN d¶¸ Õo )C$cation to the modem’s main logic car Û` ° d ONLN d ¸o )¢ d, or to the PowerBook Duo main ° d ONLN dÍ ä µ ( ä
h Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ô ¯*P!`ET™h Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ô ˝ ™P%pET™h Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ô ˝ ƒ &!BT™h Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ô ˙ ˛ ˝ Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ô ˙ ˛ ˝ Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ¯Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ¯Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò ò 8 Ä ¿Ω Ä ¿Ω ˇ C‹ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ˸ `˘ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ˸
Ä ¯ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ˸
ÛÁ?¸˘ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ˸
€ˇ˚v˘ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ˸
€¸?p˘ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ˸ s˜˚˛˘ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ˘ ˛˝ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ˙ ĸ Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô ˙ ˚ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ˙ ˚ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ˚ à‚ p Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô ¸
AT" "äP Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ¸
ATB "ä Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ¸
·T" räP Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ‹AT¢pÓ"äP Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ DBà¬*!qÛ‰ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ≈à D R§ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ≈D * R§ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ T P™ R§ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Iò àBaŒ!R§ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ 8˝
T¢ äP Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ 0˝
T¢ äP Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô p˝
1T¢ äP Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ‡˝
T¢ äP Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ‡˝
àB Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô ¿˚ ˚ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ä˚ ˚ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ä˚ ‡¸ x Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ˘ >˝ ¿ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ
Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ 9Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ 9Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ qÒ Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô aÒ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ·Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ¡Ò
Ò ˝ˇ ‡ ¡Ò
Ò ˝ˇ Ë ÅÒ Ò ˝ˇ ËÒ ˇˇÒ Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ 8 <Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ <Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ ` <Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ ¿xÒ Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ Ä pÒ Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ú Ä`Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÛ Ä…¿Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÛ à¿˝ ˆ Ò ˝ˇ ‡Û à@˝ Pˆ Ò ˝ˇ ËÛ @˛ˇ˛Pˆ Ò ˝ˇ ËÛ ˚ˇ˛Pˆ Ò ˝ˇ ËÛ @˝ Pˆ Ò ˝ˇ ËÛ à¿˝ ˆ Ò ˝ˇ ËÛ ÄàÄÒ ò 8 ¿ Ω ¿ ΩC á‹ Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ Ä˚ÄÒ Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ Ä Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ ¿ Ò ˘ ‹¿˝ ˝ˇ ËÚ ` Ò ˘
Û fl Û ÁÉ Û ` Û ¶Å Û ` Û ¶Å Û ` Û ¶Å Û ` Û ÊÅ Û ` Û Ä˛ Û ` Û Ä˛ Û ` Û ˚ Û ` Û Ä Û ` Û Ä Û ` Û Ä Û ` Û Ä Û ` Û Ä Û ` Û Ä Û ` Û Ä Û ` Û Ä Û ` Û Ä Û ` Û Ä Û ` Û Ä Û ` Û Ä Û ` Û Ä Û ` ˛ ‚a"p Ä ˆ ¸ˇ ò 8@ ÄΩ@ ÄΩÀ ‹ *˛ Öb"Gœ† Ä ˆ ¸ˇ¸ 9»¬Ñ¿ @˛ *˛ Âf uJ† ˇÄ ˆ ¸ˇ¸ ƒÑ >@˛ *˛ %f J† ˇÄ ˆ ¸ˇ¸ ‘å1’*@˛ )˛ %wJ†˝ ˇÄ ˆ ¸ˇ¸ Tå0U*@˛ )˛ ¬"eJ†˝ ˇÄ ˆ ¸ˇ¸ TŒ8U*@˛ ˚ ˝ #ˇˇøˡ ˇˇ˛QàÑQï*@˛ $˚ ˝
ˇÄ ˆ ¸ˇ ˙ ˝ @˛ Û ˇÄ ˆ ¸ˇ ˙ ˝ @˛ Û ˇÄ ˆ ¸ˇ Ò Û ˛Ä ˆ ¸ˇ Ò Û ˛Ä ?ˇ˛˜ ¸ˇ Ò Û ˇˇ¯ ?ˇ˛˜ ¸ˇ Ò #Û ò˛ ¯ ¸ˇ ˝ Ïv · @˛ #Û òb˚ìê¯ ¸ˇ ˝ 0äF"PÉ >@˛ / : Agavp òcàÚê¯ ¸ˇ ˝ Íp&P·*@˛ / *‡√ÑbGœ† òb 2ê¯ ¸ˇ ˝ .&P!*@˛ / *†AÁ%uJ† ò˛ ¯ ¸ˇ ˝ "'P!*@˛ / :†A°J† ò &Ií˜ ¸ˇ
˛Ã`"!¡*@˛ - "†A°QJ† `ÿ $»ö˜ ¸ˇ ˝ ˝ @˛ * "†A FfeJ£˚ˇ¸ ,à ˜ ¸ˇ ˝ ˝ @˛ ˚ ˝ #ˇˇ¸ÿ )àJ˜ ?˘ˇ Ù ˚ ˝ `ò ,à ˜ ¸ˇ Ò Û ò $»ö˜ ¸ˇ Ò Û &Ií˜ ¸ˇ Ò ' Ę ˇˇ¯˛ ¯ ¸ˇ ˝ NvpB ˝ . AGavp xb 2ê¯ ¸ˇ ˝ 0H!•|˙˝ . CDb
ˆ ˝ˇ˛@˙ ˛ ˝ ˚ ˝ ˚ ˆ ˝ˇ˛@Ò Û Ô ˝ˇ˛@Ò Û Ô ˝ˇ˛@Ò &˛ garp Ô ˝ˇ
˛ˇˇ˛ÓvpB ˝ '˛
Åbœ£ˇˇøˇˇÒ ˝ˇ˛˝ 0"V!@•|˙˝ &˛ ‚&%J†˝ Ò ˝ˇ˛˝ D "p•T™˝ &˛ °
J†˝ Ò ˝ˇ˛˝ $P!•T™˝ %˛
•W
UJ†˝ Ô mˇ‡ ˝ §P%•T™˝ $˛ FbeJ†˝ Ó @ ˝ ƒp&aBT™˝ ˚ ˝ ˝ Î ˙ ˛ ˝ ˚ ˝ ˝ Î ˙ ˛ ˝ Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ¯Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ¯Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò ò 8Ä ¿ΩÄ ¿Ω S‹ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò ˝ˇ Ë˝ ÿ ˙ Ò Ò ˝ˇ Ë˝ ¿ ˙ Ò Ò ˝ˇ Ë˝ Áœfiˇ;ÿ˙ Ò Ò ˝ˇ Ë˝ ˜ÔÔ›Ω¯˙ Ò Ò ˝ˇ Ë˝ ˜
ˇ›ø¯˙ Ò Ò ˝ˇ Ë˝ ˜ÌÔˇ=¯˙ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ˘ ˛˝ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ˙ ĸ Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô ˙ ˚ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ˙ ˚ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ˚ à‚ p Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô ¸
AT" "äP Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ¸
ATB "ä Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ¸
·T" räP Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ‹AT¢pÓ"äP Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ DBà¬*!qÛ‰ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ≈à D R§ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ≈D * R§ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ T P™ R§ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Iò àBaŒ!R§ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ 8˝
T¢ äP Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ 0˝
T¢ äP Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô p˝
1T¢ äP Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ‡˝
T¢ äP Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ‡˝
àB Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô ¿˚ ˚ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ä˚ ˚ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ä˚ ‡¸ x Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ˘ >˝ ¿ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ
Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ 9Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ 9Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ qÒ Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ô aÒ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ·Ò ò 8¿ Ω¿ ΩS ó‹ Ò ˝ˇ ËÔ ¡Ò
Ò ˝ˇ ‡ ¡Ò
Ò ˝ˇ Ë ÅÒ Ò ˝ˇ ËÒ ˇˇÒ Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ 8 <Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ <Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ ` <Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ ¿xÒ Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ Ä pÒ Ò ˝ˇ ‡Ú Ä`Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÛ Ä…¿Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÛ à¿˝ ˆ Ò ˝ˇ ‡Û à@˝ Pˆ Ò ˝ˇ ËÛ @˛ˇ˛Pˆ Ò ˝ˇ ËÛ ˚ˇ˛Pˆ Ò ˝ˇ ËÛ @˝ Pˆ Ò ˝ˇ ËÛ à¿˝ ˆ Ò ˝ˇ ËÛ ÄàÄÒ Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ Ä˚ÄÒ Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ Ä Ò Ò ˝ˇ ËÚ ¿ Ò ˘ ‹¿˝ ˝ˇ ËÚ ` Ò ˘
UJ†˝ LÄ ƒp&aBT™˝ %˛ FbeJ†˝ á^ ‡¸ ˛ ˝ !˚ ˝ ˝ Õ“ 8¸ ˛ ˝ ˚ ˝ ˝ á^ Û Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ù L ÄÙ !Ò Ä Ù ?˛ˇ˛ ¿ Ê6 ‚ @ Ò ‡ Ò @ p 0(F! %|˙
x0 Ò Ò @ Np"`ET™
h Ò Ô ¯*P!`ET™h Ò Ô ˝ ™P%pET™h Ò ` Ô ˝ ƒ &!BT™h Ò ¿ Ô ˙ ˛ ˝ Ò Ô ˙ ˛ ˝ Ò ˛˛ Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ Ô Ò Ò Ç Ô Ò Ò Ç ¯Ô Ò Ò Ç (Ô Ò Ò Ç (Ô Ò Ò Ç ¯Ô Ò Ò ÇÄ (Ô Ò Ò Ç¿ (Ô Ò Ò Ç¿ (Ô Ò Ò ÇÑ (Ô Ò Ò Ç (Ô Ò Ò Ç (Ô Ò Ò Ç (Ô Ò Ò Ç (Ô Ò Ò ÇÄ Ô Ò Ò Ç¿ (Ô Ò Ò Ç¿ (Ô Ò Ò ÇÄ Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ Ô Ò ò 8 Ä ¿Ω Ä ¿Ω ˇ C‹ Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (¸ `˘ Ò Ò Ç˛ (¸
Ä ¯ Ò Ò Ç˛ (¸
ÛÁ?¸˘ Ò Ò Ç˛ (¸
€ˇ˚v˘ Ò Ò Ç˛ (¸
€¸?p˘ Ò Ò Ç˛ (¸ s˜˚˛˘ Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô ˘ ˛˝ Ò Ç˛ (Ô ˙ ĸ Ò Ç˛ Ô ˙ ˚ Ò Ç˛ (Ô ˙ ˚ Ò Ç˛ (Ô ˚ à‚ p Ò Ç˛ Ô ¸
AT" "äP Ò Ç˛ (Ô ¸
ATB "ä Ò Ç˛ (Ô ¸
·T" räP Ò Ç˛ (Ô ‹AT¢pÓ"äP Ò Ç˛ (Ô DBà¬*!qÛ‰ Ò Ç˛ (Ô à D R§ Ò Ç˛ (Ô ≈D * R§ Ò Ç˛ (Ô T P™ R§ Ò Ç˛ (Ô Iò àBaŒ!R§ Ò Ç˛ (Ô ˝
T¢ äP Ò Ç˛ (Ô 0˝
T¢ äP Ò Ç˛ Ô ˝
1T¢ äP Ò Ç˛ (Ô `˝
T¢ äP Ò Ç˛ (Ô ¿˝
àB Ò Ç˛ Ó Ä˚ ˚ Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ä˚ ˚ Ò Ç˛ (Ô ˙ ‡¸ x Ò Ç˛ (Ô ˘ >˝ ¿ Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô
Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô 1Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô !Ò Ò Ç˛ Ô aÒ Ò Ç˛ (Ô AÒ Ò Ç˛ (Ô ¡Ò Ò Ç˛ ÅÒ Ò Ç˛ ( Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ò ˇˇÒ Ò Ç˛ (Ú Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ú Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ú Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ú 8 <Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ú <Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ú ` <Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ú ¿xÒ Ò Ç˛ (Ú Ä pÒ Ò Ç Ú Ä`Ò Ò ÇÄ (Û Ä…¿Ò Ò Ç¿ (Û à¿˝ ˆ Ò Ç¿ Û à@˝ Pˆ Ò ÇÄ (Û @¸ Pˆ Ò Ç (Û ˚ˇ˛Pˆ Ò Ç (Û @˝ Pˆ Ò Ç (Û à¿˝ ˆ Ò Ç (Û ÄàÄÒ ò 8 ¿ Ω ¿ ΩC á‹ Ò ÇÄ (Ú Ä˚ÄÒ Ò Ç¿ (Ú Ä Ò Ò Ç¿ (Ú ¿ Ò ˘ ‹¿˝ ÇÑ (Ú ` Ò ˘
Û fl Û ÁÉ Û @ Û ¶Å Û @ Û ¶Å Û @ Û ¶Å Û @ Û ÊÅ Û @ Û Ä˛ Û @ Û Ä˛ Û @ Û ˚ Ò Û ˛ Ä Û @ Û ˛ Ä Û @ Û ˛ Ä Ò Û ˛ Ä Û @ Û ˛ Ä Û @ Û ˛ Ä Û @ Û ˛ Ä Û @ Û ˛ Ä Û @ Û ˛ Ä Û @ Û ˛ Ä Û @ Û ˛ Ä Û @ Û ˛ Ä Û @ Û ˛ Ä Û @ !˛ ‚a"p ˛ Ä ˆ ˇˇüˇˇ ò 8@ ÄΩ@ ÄΩÀ ‹ -˛ Öb"Gœ† ˛ Ä ˆ @ ¸ 9»¬Ñ¿ @˛ -˛ Âf uJ† ˛Ä ˆ @ ¸ ƒÑ >@˛ ,˛ %f J† Ä ˆ ˝ ¸ ‘å1’*@˛ ,˛ %wJ†˝ Ä ˆ @ ¸ Tå0U*@˛ ,˛ ¬"eJ†˝ Ä ˆ @ ¸ TŒ8U*@˛ +˚ ˝ #ˇˇøˇ¯˛ˇ ˚ˆˇ¸ @ ˇˇˇ˛QàÑQï*@˛ &˚ ˝
Ä ˆ @ ˙ ˝ @˛ Û Ä ˆ @ ˙ ˝ @˛ Û Ä ˆ @ Ò Û Ä ˆ @ Ò Û Ä ?ˇ˛˜ @ Ò Û ˇˇ¯ ?ˇ˛˜ @ Ò %Û ò˛ ¯ @ ˝ Ïv · @˛ $Û òb˚ìê¯ ˝ ˝ 0äF"PÉ >@˛ 1 : Agavp òcàÚê¯ @ ˝ Íp&P·*@˛ 1 *‡√ÑbGœ† òb 2ê¯ @ ˝ .&P!*@˛ 0 *†AÁ%uJ† ò˛ ¯ ˝ ˝ "'P!*@˛ 1 :†A°J† ò &Ií˜ @ ˛Ã`"!¡*@˛ / "†A°QJ† `ÿ $»ö˜ @ ˝ ˝ @˛ , "†A FfeJ£˚ˇ¸ ,à ˜
@ ˝ ˝ @˛ !˚ ˝ ˛ ÿ )àJ˜ ?o˝ˇˆ˝ˇ Ù ˚ ˝ `ò ,à ˜ @ Ò Û ò $»ö˜ @ Ò Û &Ií˜ @ Ò ) Ę ˇˇ¯˛ ¯ @ ˝ NvpB ˝ 0 AGavp xb 2ê¯ @ ˝ 0H!•|˙˝ 0 CDb
ˆ @ @˙ ˛ ˝ ˚ ˝ ˚ ˆ mˇ‡@Ò Û Ô mm†@Ò Û Ô mm†@Ò '˛ garp Ô mm†ˇˇ˛ÓvpB ˝ (˛
Åbœ£ˇˇøˇˇÒ mm†˝ 0"V!@•|˙˝ '˛ ‚&%J†˝ Ò mm†˝ D "p•T™˝ '˛ °
J†˝ Ò ˇˇmø˛˝ $P!•T™˝ %˛
•W
UJ†˝ Ô mˇ‡ ˝ §P%•T™˝ $˛ FbeJ†˝ Ó @ ˝ ƒp&aBT™˝ ˚ ˝ ˝ Î ˙ ˛ ˝ ˚ ˝ ˝ Î ˙ ˛ ˝ Ò ˛ˇ ‡Ô Ò Ò Ä Ô Ò Ò ‡ Ô Ò Ò Ô Ò Ò Ô Ò Ò Ô Ò Ò ` Ô Ò Ò ¿ Ô Ò Ò Ô Ò Ò ˛˛ Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ Ô Ò Ò Ç Ô Ò Ò Ç ¯Ô Ò Ò Ç (Ô Ò Ò Ç (Ô Ò Ò Ç ¯Ô Ò Ò ÇÄ (Ô Ò Ò Ç¿ (Ô Ò ò 8Ä ¿ΩÄ ¿Ω S‹ Ò Ç¿ (Ô Ò Ò ÇÑ (Ô Ò Ò Ç (Ô Ò Ò Ç (Ô Ò Ò Ç (Ô Ò Ò Ç (Ô Ò Ò ÇÄ Ô Ò Ò Ç¿ (Ô Ò Ò Ç¿ (Ô Ò Ò ÇÄ Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (˝ ÿ ˙ Ò Ò Ç˛ (˝ ¿ ˙ Ò Ò Ç˛ (˝ Áœfiˇ;ÿ˙ Ò Ò Ç˛ (˝ ˜ÔÔ›Ω¯˙ Ò Ò Ç˛ (˝ ˜
ˇ›ø¯˙ Ò Ò Ç˛ (˝ ˜ÌÔˇ=¯˙ Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô ˘ ˛˝ Ò Ç˛ (Ô ˙ ĸ Ò Ç˛ Ô ˙ ˚ Ò Ç˛ (Ô ˙ ˚ Ò Ç˛ (Ô ˚ à‚ p Ò Ç˛ Ô ¸
AT" "äP Ò Ç˛ (Ô ¸
ATB "ä Ò Ç˛ (Ô ¸
·T" räP Ò Ç˛ (Ô ‹AT¢pÓ"äP Ò Ç˛ (Ô DBà¬*!qÛ‰ Ò Ç˛ (Ô à D R§ Ò Ç˛ (Ô ≈D * R§ Ò Ç˛ (Ô T P™ R§ Ò Ç˛ (Ô Iò àBaŒ!R§ Ò Ç˛ (Ô ˝
T¢ äP Ò Ç˛ (Ô 0˝
T¢ äP Ò Ç˛ Ô ˝
1T¢ äP Ò Ç˛ (Ô `˝
T¢ äP Ò Ç˛ (Ô ¿˝
àB Ò Ç˛ Ó Ä˚ ˚ Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ä˚ ˚ Ò Ç˛ (Ô ˙ ‡¸ x Ò Ç˛ (Ô ˘ >˝ ¿ Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô
Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô 1Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ô !Ò Ò Ç˛ Ô aÒ Ò Ç˛ (Ô AÒ ò 8¿ Ω¿ ΩS ó‹ Ò Ç˛ (Ô ¡Ò Ò Ç˛ ÅÒ Ò Ç˛ ( Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ò ˇˇÒ Ò Ç˛ (Ú Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ú Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ú Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ú 8 <Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ú <Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ú ` <Ò Ò Ç˛ (Ú ¿xÒ Ò Ç˛ (Ú Ä pÒ Ò Ç Ú Ä`Ò Ò ÇÄ (Û Ä…¿Ò Ò Ç¿ (Û à¿˝ ˆ Ò Ç¿ Û à@˝ Pˆ Ò ÇÄ (Û @¸ Pˆ Ò Ç (Û ˚ˇ˛Pˆ Ò Ç (Û @˝ Pˆ Ò Ç (Û à¿˝ ˆ Ò Ç (Û ÄàÄÒ Ò ÇÄ (Ú Ä˚ÄÒ Ò Ç¿ (Ú Ä Ò Ò Ç¿ (Ú ¿ Ò ˘ ‹¿˝ ÇÑ (Ú ` Ò ˘
Figure 5-4 ° d ONLN d \ Æ g )BSimplifi ~0 ° d ONLN d \ À gN ) ed view of modem card functions
B *I¯ 4C *I¯ D lD¯
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d 33 lB t (> lT \. ° d ONLN d 43 sB )elephone Line Interface ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (>5
° d ONLN d MI lU ñ (R lThe DAA z‡ ° d ONLN d TI ñU )* (data access arrangement) pr ,¿ ° d ONLN d qIU– )Ç,ovides the telephone line interface. In the ° d ONLN d ùV lb (_ l!domestic version of the modem car ¥Ä ° d ONLN d æVb9 )õ
d, the DAA Ï¿ ° d ONLN d »V9b√ )2" is an integral portion of the car K@ ° d ONLN d ÍVƒb‚ )ãd, and ° d ONLN d Òc lo# (l l(communicates with the telephone line thr ‡ ° d ONLN dc$o` )∏
ough the RJ-1 ¢Ä ° d ONLN d&c_oë ); 1 connector “ ° d ONLN d1cëo™ )2. (See x‡ ° d ONLN d8c´o√ )Figur K† ° d ONLN d=c√o◊ )e 5-3 È ° d ONLN dBc◊oÚ ).) The ° d ONLN dIp l| Û (y l international version of the car Ä ° d ONLN dip Ù|· )à5d has a mini DIN-8 connector into which the external ° d ONLN dû} lâ É (Ü lDAA ? ° d ONLN d°} Éâ ) is plugged. The external DAA @ ° d ONLN dæ} âU )Ü contains the RJ-1 ñ ° d ONLN d–}Uâé )L
1 connector r «‡ ° d ONLN d›}éâ• )9equir fl ° d ONLN d‚}•âÌ )ed to connect to ° d ONLN dÛä lñ ø (ì lthe telephone line.
w j≤ 4 v b w c ò * @O @O w c ∑≤ ◊ ◊ x
‹ h ‹ d Ã˝0 ˇˇ¸˝ eØZΩx ˇˇ¸˝ eØX=` ˇˇ¸˝ iØZΩx ˇˇ¸˝ xœLÂ0 ˇˇ¸˝
â)Pbô$»°î Á ˝ ù‹x“Niø &@Á ¸ ˛ ‚ ¸ ˛ ‚ ¸ p˛ 8‚ ¸ `l˝ 0Á ò *
O
Ow cÅ≤ ¸
@H Ä HêÁ ¸
@H Ä HêÁ ¸
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Ê ˙ˇ ¿˛ Ê ˚ @˛ Ê ˚ |Å@˛ Ê ˚ DÉ4@˛ Ê ˚ DÅ@˛ Ê ˚ x±@˛ ¯ˇÛˇ ¿@ FÅ@˛ Ģ Û ÒŸfŒGÅ@˛ Ģ Û ePìí @˛ Ģ Û J}Pçí @˛ Ģ Û JaPôí ¿˛ Ģ Û qŸPgé ˝ Ģ Û ¯˚ ˝ Ģ Ú ˚ ˝ Ģ ¯Ú ˚ ˛ˇ ¿˛
Ê ˙ˇ ¿˛ Ê ˚ @˛ Ê ˚ cd@˛ Ê ˚ càî@˛ Ê ˚ càd@˛ Ê ¿@ Uãî@˛ ¯ˇÛˇ ÒŸfŒUàî@˛ Ģ Û ePìíId@˛ Ģ Û J}Pçí @˛ Ģ Û JaPôí @˛ Ģ Û qŸPgé ¿˛ Ģ Û ˚ ˝ Ģ Û ¯˚ ˝ Ģ Ú ˚ ˝ Ģ ¯Ú ˚ ˛ˇ ¿˛ ò * @O @Ow c∑≤
(‡ 53 4 ^ H¿ ° d ONLN d \ ä h ê ( e äT µ¿ ° d ONLN d \ è h ƒ ) o operate pr 2@ ° d ONLN d
\ ≈ h4 )6operly in a given country ∂¿ ° d ONLN d & \3 hæ )n , the modem must know what r Œ@ ° d ONLN d B \æ h’ )ãequir ÂÄ ° d ONLN d G \’ h )
ements it is ° d ONLN d T i ä u5 ( r ä%supposed to meet. The country identifi ÷Ä ° d ONLN d z i5 uΔ )´ cation is embedded in each DAA ̆ ° d ONLN d ò iΔ u¸ )ë (internal or ° d ONLN d ¶ v ä Ç] ( ä.external) and is accessed by the modem softwar v@ ° d ONLN d ‘ v] Çd )”e.
° d ONLN d Ì ≈ ä —> ( Œ ä&Many of the modem and fax functions ar ˘@ ° d ONLN d ≈> —Ø )¥e implemented in softwar h† ° d ONLN d+ ≈∞ —ª )re r ê‡ ° d ONLN d. ≈ª —˚ ) unning on the ° d ONLN d< “ ä fi~ ( € ä4PowerBook Duo’s operating system. This allows easy fi "‡ ° d ONLN dq “ fi’ )ıeld upgrades, and r P ° d ONLN dÑ “’ fiı )Veduces ° d ONLN dã fl ä Î ò ( Ë ähar ` ° d ONLN dé fl ô Î ∞ )dwar N ° d ONLN dí fl ∞ Î )e costs. This type of ar ˝ ° d ONLN d™ fl Î7 )a chitectur ±¿ ° d ONLN d≥ fl8 Π)'(e also makes it easier to add new featur c` ° d ONLN d€ flÊ Î¸ )Æes to ° d ONLN d‚ Ï ä ¯ ¡ ( ı ä the modem. ° d ONLN dÓ ˛ ä
˘ *The 3615 modem softwar #` ° d ONLN d ˛ ˙
)pe ar 2 ° d ONLN d ˛
0 ) chitectur Ê¿ ° d ONLN d ˛0
Æ )& e consists of the following gr s† ° d ONLN d/ ˛Ø
)oups of components: ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN dD ä è ( än
° d ONLN dF ñ ù ) A ∫† ° d ONLN dG ù ⁄ ) modem contr | ° d ONLN dS € ˛ )>ol panel
° d ONLN d\& ä- è (, än
° d ONLN d^# ñ/ ù ) A ∫† ° d ONLN d_# ù/Ñ )3 modem CTB connection tool, the CTB serial driver r s‡ ° d ONLN dí#Ö/∑ )Ë
eplacement
° d ONLN dù8 ä? è (> än
° d ONLN dü5 ñA Ò ) Fax terminal softwar @ ° d ONLN d≥5 ÚA ˆ )\e
° d ONLN dµJ äQ è (P än
° d ONLN d∑G ñS ù ) A ∫† ° d ONLN d∏G ùS\ ), fax terminal extension, fax terminal backgr 4 ° d ONLN d‰G]S˛ )¿%ound application, fax sender printer ° d ONLN d S ñ_ Õ (\ ñ driver PDEF ‡ ° d ONLN dS Ã_Ÿ )6=, fax custom cover page applications, fax viewing application
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN dRt äÉ ( äModem Control Panel ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (5
° d ONLN d"œ ä€C (ÿ ä%The 3615 modem has a communications T @ ° d ONLN dGœB€„ )∏$oolBox (CTB) connection tool that pr _¿ ° d ONLN dkœ‰€ )¢ ovides a ° d ONLN dt‹ äË ´ ( ästandar ±Ä ° d ONLN d{‹ ´Ë˛ )!Kd interface to the modem and allows it to be used by any CTB-based applica- ° d ONLN dΔÈ äıW (Ú ä,tions. The system also supports non-CTB awar ˘‡ ° d ONLN dÚÈWı£ )Õe applications thr ê ° d ONLN dȧı˝ )Mough a serial driver ° d ONLN dˆ ä ç (ˇ är E ° d ONLN dˆ é‰ )Jeplacement. (See also “Communicating with the Modem” later in this chapter JÄ ° d ONLN deˆ‰È (ˇ‰.)
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN dh ä' § (# äFax Í8 ° d ONLN dl §' ¨ )T Δf ° d ONLN dm ´' )erminal Software ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (#5
° d ONLN d~. ä: ˆ (7 äThe fax terminal softwar ¿ ° d ONLN dñ. ˜: )me pr "Ä ° d ONLN dö.:f )ovides fax send and r k` ° d ONLN dØ.f: )^(eceive capabilities for the 3615 modem. ° d ONLN d◊; äG ù (D äIt pr h ° d ONLN d‹; ùGÒ )Iovides the user interface and supports communication with the modem. The ° d ONLN d%H äT ´ (Q äsoftwar ‰¿ ° d ONLN d,H ´TL )!&e consists of the following elements:
° d ONLN dS^ äe è (d än
° d ONLN dU[ ñg õ ) F Q¿ ° d ONLN dV[ õgU )'AX Sender (PDEF), which comprises the F Ï¿ ° d ONLN d}[Tg‰ )π AX phone book, Options, Cover ° d ONLN dõg ñs Ë (p ñinformation, and F z@ ° d ONLN d≠g Ës )RAX Pr ;† ° d ONLN d≤gs )eview …Ä ° d ONLN d∑g s! ).
° d ONLN d∫| äÉ è (Ç än
° d ONLN dºy ñÖ õ ) F Q¿ ° d ONLN dΩy õÖ ˆ )AX Extension Driver è‡ ° d ONLN d–y ˆÖ$ )[ , a softwar t† ° d ONLN d€y$ÖF ).e driver Z ° d ONLN d„yFÖH )".
° d ONLN dÂé äï è (î än
° d ONLN dÁã ñó õ ) F Q¿ ° d ONLN dËã õó “ ) AX Monitor µ ° d ONLN dÛã “ó° )7-Application, which monitors the sending and r ºÄ ° d ONLN d ã°óÏ )œeceiving of faxes. ˇ‰ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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° d ONLN d \ l j s ( f lF +¿ ° d ONLN d \ s j ≠ ) AX Sender ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ ( fÒ5
° d ONLN d p l | q ( y lF Q¿ ° d ONLN d p q | ˘ ) AX Sender is a printer driver fi Ø¿ ° d ONLN d , p ˘ |W )àle, similar to ImageW §@ ° d ONLN d A pW |ö )^riter or LaserW =† ° d ONLN d P pö |¨ )Criter Y‡ ° d ONLN d U p¨ |± ). ˚Ä ° d ONLN d W p∞ |€ ) Accessed ° d ONLN d ` } l â y ( Ü lthr X¿ ° d ONLN d c } y âÖ )
>ough dialog boxes, it allows you to send a fax by “printing.” ~` ° d ONLN d ° }Ö âÙ ( ÜÖAny application that can ° d ONLN d ∫ ä l ñ Δ ( ì lprint via the standar é` ° d ONLN d œ ä Δ ñÌ )Z?d Macintosh Print Manager can send faxes using the 3615 modem. ° d ONLN d ó l £ Ñ ( † lThe F çÄ ° d ONLN d ó Ñ £F )*AX Sender contains a fax phone book featur ±Ä ° d ONLN d= óF £ä )¬e that you can r „† ° d ONLN dM óä £ö )Defer è¿ ° d ONLN dQ óõ £⁄ )ence and edit. ° d ONLN d` § l ∞Ω ( ≠ lMOptions allow you to select between tone and pulse dialling, to select and pr U` ° d ONLN d≠ §Ω ∞‡ ( ≠Ω eset the ° d ONLN d∂ ± l Ω ( ∫ l%send time, and to enter a calling car 9‡ ° d ONLN d€ ± Ω4 )ùd number † ° d ONLN d„ ±4 Ωœ )+$. Cover Info allows the sender to pr ◊Ä ° d ONLN d ±œ ΩÏ )õoduce ° d ONLN d æ l ¯ ( « l a custom fax cover page. The Pr Í@ ° d ONLN d- æ ¯ ‚ )å5eview button displays the fax, and allows the sender ° d ONLN dc À l ◊ ◊ ( ‘ lto see how it looks befor œ‡ ° d ONLN d| À ◊ ◊õ )k,e sending it. The Send and Cancel buttons ar á@ ° d ONLN d® Àú ◊” )≈e part of the ° d ONLN d∂ ÿ l ‰ u ( · lPr N† ° d ONLN d∏ ÿ v ‰ ± )
eview dialog. ∏† ° d ONLN d≈ ÿ ± ‰ ≥ );
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° d ONLN d« ı l s ( ˇ lF +¿ ° d ONLN d» ı s fi )AX Extension Driver ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ ( ˇÒ5
° d ONLN d‹ l q ( lF Q¿ ° d ONLN d› q à )AX Extension Driver M@ ° d ONLN d Õ œ )\ Õ@ ° d ONLN dÒ œ ) is a softwar W` ° d ONLN d˝ $ )3e driver <‡ ° d ONLN d $} )". It supports softwar r` ° d ONLN d }Í )Ye, that is contained in an ° d ONLN d5 l" Å ( lINIT Ô@ ° d ONLN d9 Ä"A )+, and placed in the System Extension Folder 5 ° d ONLN ddA"‚ )¡%. The driver functions as a fax Send/ ° d ONLN dâ# l/ ñ (, l Receive T ?Ä ° d ONLN dí# ñ/Ó )*Ierminal, performing QuickDraw/T4 image conversions, and calling upon the ° d ONLN d€0 l< r (9 lT „` ° d ONLN d‹0 q<ì )B.30 services of the fax module in the Modem Stack to transmit or r † ° d ONLN d 0î<… (9î
eceive a fax. _‡ ° d ONLN d+0…<À )5
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° d ONLN d-M l[ s (W lF +¿ ° d ONLN d.M s[ Ü )AX LÄ ° d ONLN d1M Ü[ ç )T LÄ ° d ONLN d2M å[ ≥ )erminal ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ (WÒ5
° d ONLN d:a lm q (j lF Q¿ ° d ONLN d;a qm à )AX T z@ ° d ONLN d?a ám ⁄ )erminal is a backgr - ° d ONLN dRa €m@ )Tound application that r ˇ ° d ONLN dia@mí )eesides in the Contr v† ° d ONLN d|aìm’ )Sol Panel Folder i ° d ONLN dãa’mˆ )B. Much ° d ONLN dín lzx (w l<like Print Monitor in appearance, it communicates with the F ´@ ° d ONLN dŒnxz” (wxAX Extension Driver È` ° d ONLN d·n”zÿ )[, ° d ONLN d„{ lá (Ñ l(handles queuing of faxes being sent or r ïÄ ° d ONLN d { á_ )∞eceived, and pr A@ ° d ONLN d{`áÎ )D ovides status information. Like ° d ONLN d:à lî ® (ë l
Print Monitor ä ° d ONLN dGà ®î ≤ )<, F [¿ ° d ONLN dJà ≤î … )
AX T Ñ@ ° d ONLN dNà »î6 )erminal can be opened fr Z` ° d ONLN dfà6ît )n
om the Finder ‰¿ ° d ONLN dsàsîÍ )= , but it is normally opened ° d ONLN dèï l° Œ (û lautomatically by the F S¿ ° d ONLN d•ï Œ°) )bAX Extension Driver ë‡ ° d ONLN d∏ï)°+ )[. ° d ONLN d∫ß l≥ø (∞ lOSee also the section “Fax Send and Receive Capabilities,” later in this chapter √ ° d ONLN d ßæ≥¿ (∞æ.
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Compatibility ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (‘5
° d ONLN dfl lΑ (Ë lJThe 3615 modem has dependencies on System 7, the Macintosh Communications ° d ONLN dcÏ l¯ r *
T µ¿ ° d ONLN ddÏ q¯ Œ )oolbox, and the MCP ·† ° d ONLN dwÏ Œ¯ )] (Macintosh copr G‡ ° d ONLN dáϯh )Kocessor platform) ã¿ ° d ONLN dôÏh¯≠ )O
A/ROSE driver cÄ ° d ONLN d¶Ï≠¯Ø )E. ° d ONLN d®˛ l
h ( l6The 3615 modem can be used with terminal emulation, fr ⁄Ä ° d ONLN dfi˛h
Á )¸ ont-end connection services, ° d ONLN d˚ l é ( lsuch as ‰` ° d ONLN d é È )"AppleLink or MacW ) ° d ONLN d È„ )[;orkStation applications. It is also compatible with server ° d ONLN dO l$ u (! lpr G ° d ONLN dQ v$ œ )
oducts, such as 976, 3Ä ° d ONLN df œ$ )YAppleT Ê¿ ° d ONLN dl Ô$X ) alk, and Internet Router √ ° d ONLN dÑX$Z )i.
° d ONLN dïg ls Ë (p l This section describes featur '‡ ° d ONLN d≤g ÈsÈ )}:es of the modem, including ways of accessing, arbitrating ° d ONLN dÏt lÄ\ (} l6between multiple clients, handling ring messages, corr C ° d ONLN d"t]Ĭ )Òecting transmission err 2` ° d ONLN d9t¬ÄË )e ors, and ° d ONLN dBÅ lç à (ä lcompr ‡ ° d ONLN dGÅ âç º ) ession data. ˇí @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d \ ä kM ( g ä Communicating with the Modem ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r ( g5
° d ONLN d r ä ~ ‚ ( { äThe 3615 modem pr Ö¿ ° d ONLN d . r ‚ ~è )X&ovides two methods of accessing the pr † ° d ONLN d T rê ~ )Æ ogram: a CTB connection tool ° d ONLN d q ä ã Δ ( à ä for CTB-awar ` ° d ONLN d } Δ ã´ )<4e applications; and a serial driver for non-CTB-awar 8¿ ° d ONLN d ± ¨ ãÎ )Êe applications. ° d ONLN d ¡ ë ä ù ( ö ä The CTB-awar ° d ONLN d Õ ë ù )@Ie application selects the 3615 modem by selecting the modem’s connection ° d ONLN d û ä ™6 ( ß ä'tool. The client application makes appr Y¿ ° d ONLN d= û6 ™q )¨
opriate CTB r –‡ ° d ONLN dJ ûq ™¯ ); ead and write calls to pass the í` ° d ONLN dj û¯ ™ˇ )áA ú@ ° d ONLN dk ûˇ ™ )T ° d ONLN dm ´ ä ∑ ‘ ( ¥ äcommands and r Í ° d ONLN d{ ´ ‘ ∑Δ )J8esponses, as well as client data, to the 3615 modem, thr V ° d ONLN d≥ ´« ∑ )Û ough the ° d ONLN dº ∏ ä ƒ  ( ¡ äconnection tool. In fr Ä ° d ONLN d“ ∏ Ê ƒ9 )\ont-end and server ¡† ° d ONLN d‰ ∏9 ƒ∞ )S -type applications, such as ã ° d ONLN d ∏∞ ƒ )wAppleLink, a CCL ÿÄ ° d ONLN d ∏ ƒ )P ° d ONLN d ≈ ä — ç ( Œ ä( ”‡ ° d ONLN d ≈ ç —" ) communication control language » ° d ONLN d0 ≈# —fi )ñ+) script selects the modem connection tool ° d ONLN d[ “ ä fi Δ ( € ä
automatically Ú ° d ONLN dh “ ≈ fi );C, making all commands to the modem without user intervention. Some ° d ONLN d´ fl ä Î Δ ( Ë äapplications r ∏‡ ° d ONLN dπ fl Δ Î › )<equir – ° d ONLN dæ fl › ÎG )e you to select and confi ˘† ° d ONLN d◊ flG ÎV )jgur T‡ ° d ONLN d⁄ flW Î )'e the modem, in which case, the 3615’s ° d ONLN d Ï ä ¯3 ( ı ä&CTB appears as a choice in the standar 0 ° d ONLN d' Ï4 ¯≤ )™d CTB-connect dialog menu. _ ° d ONLN dA Ï≤ ¯¥ )~ ° d ONLN dC ˛ ä
‹ ( äFor non-CTB-awar &¿ ° d ONLN dS ˛ ›
b )S!e applications, a serial driver r ÃÄ ° d ONLN dt ˛b
)Ö$eplacement maps serial-drive prime, ° d ONLN dò ä ° ( äand r ≤ ° d ONLN dù °ß )=outes calls onto the connection tool equivalents. In this way J@ ° d ONLN d⁄ ß (ß, 976 and other non-CTB ° d ONLN dÚ ä$ (! ä#applications function as if they ar ¨‡ ° d ONLN d $˜ )ì1e speaking to an external modem over serial port ˛@ ° d ONLN dF˜$ )⁄A.
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN dI: äI » (E ä Arbitration ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (E5
° d ONLN dUP ä\: (Y ä%The 3615 modem allows several softwar O ° d ONLN dzP;\ )±1e clients to set themselves up to use the modem, ° d ONLN d´] äi ˜ (f äand client arbitration is r ° d ONLN dΔ] ˜i )mequir ñ` ° d ONLN dÀ]i? ) ed to ensur ◊¿ ° d ONLN d÷]?i] )1e an or ≠@ ° d ONLN d›]]iÄ ) derly pr C‡ ° d ONLN dÂ]Åiı )$ ocess. Client arbitration is ° d ONLN dj äv ‘ (s äimplemented thr ‡ ° d ONLN dj ‘vÍ )J?ough the concept of “associations.” The 3615 connection tool cr ‡ ° d ONLN dPjÍv (sÍeates ° d ONLN dWw äÉç (Ä ä<a logical connection, or association, between application pr Q ° d ONLN dìwéÉÁ (Äéogram and modem. ° d ONLN d§Ñ äê (ç äUAssociations may be Data or fax, and may be set up in user or server mode, with user ° d ONLN d˘ë äù *
mode having the higher priority † ° d ONLN dëùÓ )é4. The client application selects the association thr Ø¿ ° d ONLN dLëÓù )÷ough ° d ONLN dQû ä™ Ô (ß äthe Communications T ß` ° d ONLN deû Ó™r )d ool Box scripting mechanism. ° d ONLN dÉ∞ äº ÿ (π äUser mode is mor #@ ° d ONLN dì∞ ŸºÃ )O3e commonly used by terminal emulators, such as MacT ¿† ° d ONLN dΔ∞Àº )Ú
erminal, and ° d ONLN d”Ω ä… ë (Δ äfr ò‡ ° d ONLN d’Ω ë… )ont-end applications like k¿ ° d ONLN dÔΩ…≠ )p&AppleLink. The application takes contr ◊ ° d ONLN dΩ≠… )¨ol of the modem and ° d ONLN d) ä÷õ (” ä?places an outgoing call. Server applications, such as 976 and F ‘@ ° d ONLN dh ö÷± (”öAX T ¸¿ ° d ONLN dl ∞÷ )erminal, use server ° d ONLN dÄ◊ ä„ (‡ äZmode, and wait passively for incoming calls, although they can also actively place calls. ° d ONLN d⁄‰ äd *
.Server mode is commonly used for sending and r S ° d ONLN d‰d§ )⁄eceiving faxes. ° d ONLN dˆ ä (ˇ ä!Data and fax associations use dif ò ° d ONLN d9ˆ& )êfer z† ° d ONLN d<ˆ&ü ) ent modem transmission pr K ° d ONLN dUˆ† )zotocols, and the modem ° d ONLN dl äE ( ä)can decide how incoming calls should be r ‚† ° d ONLN dïEc )ªouted. ° d ONLN dù ä! ( äRThe 3615 modem supports one association in user mode (data-user), and two associa- ° d ONLN dÔ" ä.ñ *
@tions in server mode (data-server and fax-server). If a client r WÄ ° d ONLN d /"ñ. (+ñ equests an association type ° d ONLN d K/ ä; ï (8 äalr -` ° d ONLN d N/ ñ;7 ) %eady claimed by another client, the r
† ° d ONLN d s/7;∞ )° equest is denied, and an err ß ° d ONLN d è/∞; )yor message is issued. ° d ONLN d •< äH (E ä The modem maintains a set of s-r m¿ ° d ONLN d ≈< H )ì8egisters and state variables, so that each modem client ° d ONLN d ˝I äU ¢ (R äcan tr I ° d ONLN d
I £UJ )#eat the modem as exclusive. However Ê ° d ONLN d
&IIUË )¶#, the modem can be in use (phone of t` ° d ONLN d
IIÈUˇ )†f the ° d ONLN d
OV äb (_ äXhook) with only one client at a time, and any attempt to manipulate the phone line when ° d ONLN d
ßc äo¶ *
Fit is in use is denied, with the explanation that the line is “in use. ‡ ° d ONLN d
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Ring Messages ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r ( g5
° d ONLN d r l ~ö ( { lESince associations allow the modem to support multiple clients (fax, ¬ ° d ONLN d S rö ~ª ( {öAppleT u` ° d ONLN d Y rª ~Ò )! alk, Remote ° d ONLN d e l ã ¢ ( à l Access, and z ° d ONLN d q ¢ ãe )6.AppleLink) all at once, it is necessary to defi é¿ ° d ONLN d † e ã’ )√ne the way in which ring ° d ONLN d π å l ò à ( ï lmessages and the S0 r ¸† ° d ONLN d Œ å à ò Ù )`
egister ar æ` ° d ONLN d ÿ å ı òÔ ))9e handled, for data-user associations, and non-date-user ° d ONLN d ô l • £ ( ¢ l
° d ONLN d] x8 ) *S0 = 0. The 3615 modem answers only if an Ÿ‡ ° d ONLN dá8? )¿A „¿ ° d ONLN dà?E )T G ° d ONLN dâEL )A Å¿ ° d ONLN däL• ) command arrives fr ° d ONLN dù¶Û )Zom the data-user ° d ONLN dÆ x ´ ( x association.
° d ONLN dª% l, q (+ ln
° d ONLN dΩ" x.ô ) ?S0 > 0. The 3615 modem answers after the number of rings specifi <Ä ° d ONLN d˝"ö.” (+öed in the S0 r Ω¿ ° d ONLN d "”. )9egister } ° d ONLN d".ı ) . ° d ONLN d. x:* (7 x,If the incoming call is a fax call, and ther Ä ° d ONLN d@.*:ı )≤2e is a fax-server association open, the call will ° d ONLN dr: xF± (C xKgo to that association. Otherwise, it will go to the data-user association.
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° d ONLN dæV ld ø (` lNon-Data User ,@ ° d ONLN dÃV ød )S Associations ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ (`Ò5
° d ONLN dŸj lvÒ (s l[When no data-user association is open, and at least one server association is open, if the ° d ONLN d4w lÉ À *
)evail, based upon the setting of the S0 r _ ° d ONLN d_ #÷@ )≠egister ` ° d ONLN df @÷B ) .
° d ONLN dhfi l q (‰ ln
° d ONLN dj€ xÁ ˇ ) Both servers have set their S0 r ° d ONLN dä€ ÁŒ )à.egisters to 0. The 3615 modem will not answer ° d ONLN d∏Á xÛ ¥ ( x
automatically Ú ° d ONLN d≈Á ≥Û µ );.
° d ONLN d«˙ l q ( ln
° d ONLN d…˜ x ˇ ) Both servers have set their S0 r ° d ONLN dȘ A )àegisters to mor Ö@ ° d ONLN d¯˜A› )A!e than 0. The 3615 modem answers ° d ONLN d xs ( x6automatically after the minimum number of rings specifi É` ° d ONLN dPsΩ )˚ed in one of the r ¿ ° d ONLN dbæÙ )Kegisters. So, ° d ONLN dp x œ ( xif the fax server S0 r ˆ† ° d ONLN dÜ œÑ )W-egister is set to 2, and the data server S0 r ¢¿ ° d ONLN d≥ÖÔ )∂egister to 3, the modem ° d ONLN dÀ x'p ($ x:will answer after two rings, and pass the call to the appr q¿ ° d ONLN dp'≠ )¯opriate server Ó¿ ° d ONLN d¨' )<. That is, it will ° d ONLN d&' x3 ˙ (0 x pass fax calls to the fax server ¶¿ ° d ONLN dF' ˙3ã )Ç#, and data calls to the data server ¿ ° d ONLN di'ã3ç )ë.
° d ONLN dk: lA q (@ ln
° d ONLN dm7 xC Ë ) One server has set its S0 r Ä ° d ONLN dà7 ÈC‡ )q9egister to 0, and the other to a >0. The 3615 modem will ° d ONLN d¡C xOP (L x/answer the higher number of rings automatically ˘‡ ° d ONLN dCOOÔ )◊', and pass the call only to the server ° d ONLN d O x[ (X x"association for which S0 is >0, pr † ° d ONLN d 9O [† )ë$ovided of course that it is the appr Ö@ ° d ONLN d ]O†[‰ )óopriate kind of ° d ONLN d m[ xg ˘ (d x!call: fax calls to the fax server Ά ° d ONLN d é[ ¯gâ )Ä#, and data calls to the data server F† ° d ONLN d ±[âgã )ë. ° d ONLN d ≥l lxA (u l5If only one server is active, the setting of the S0 r Í` ° d ONLN d ËlAxÛ )’&egister determines how the modem will ° d ONLN d
y lÖ (Ç l$implement the automatic answering pr fi‡ ° d ONLN d
2yÖ6 )¨ocedur v ° d ONLN d
8y7Ö> ) e. ° d ONLN d
;ã ló (î l#In all cases, the modem will have r + ° d ONLN d
^ãóÖ )ô eceived the rings and answer Ÿ† ° d ONLN d
zãÖóÿ )Äed the phone befor ‡ ° d ONLN d
åãÿóÁ )Se it ° d ONLN d
ëò l§: (° l-has determined to whom the call should be dir ◊ ° d ONLN d
æò:§Ä )Œected (data user -¿ ° d ONLN d
Œòħ∂ )F
, data server ™@ ° d ONLN d
€òµ§Ì )5, fax server). ° d ONLN d
Í• l± µ (Æ lThe modem ther · ° d ONLN d
¯• µ± Δ )Iefor 9 ° d ONLN d
¸• «±q )&e has a scheme for sending the standar ~` ° d ONLN d "•q±í )™d ring r ö† ° d ONLN d *•í±Ì )!esult code messages ° d ONLN d >≤ læ ú (ª l to the appr fiÄ ° d ONLN d I≤ úæ§ )0>opriate client, in a way that will meet the your expectations. ˇÄ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
(‡ 57 4 ^ H¿ ° d ONLN d \ ä hÕ ( e äNIf a data-user association exists, it is most likely to be a terminal emulator Á† ° d ONLN d N \à hÎ ( eà , or a fr h† ° d ONLN d W \Ï h ) ont-end ° d ONLN d _ i ä u ˛ ( r äapplications such as MacT —‡ ° d ONLN d x i ˝ uA )s
erminal, MacW ˛¿ ° d ONLN d Ö i@ u~ )CorkStation, or sÄ ° d ONLN d î i u )? AppleLink. The ring messages ° d ONLN d ± v ä Ç* ( ä!may be observed by the human user k` ° d ONLN d “ v* Çå )†, or detected by a CCL _ ° d ONLN d Ë vå Ç‘ )b script. For this r ° ° d ONLN d ˚ v‘ Ç )H eason, the ° d ONLN d É ä èÈ ( å äQring messages will be sent each time a ring is detected until the phone has been ° d ONLN dW ê ä ú ™ *
answer t ° d ONLN d] ê ™ ú È ) ed. This satisfi ¢` ° d ONLN dm ê È ú
)?Ces your expectation of seeing the ring message as the ring occurs. ° d ONLN d± ¢ ä Æ ¶ ( ´ äServer ∞‡ ° d ONLN d∑ ¢ ¶ Æ+ ) -oriented data and fax tasks ar p@ ° d ONLN d÷ ¢, Æá )Üe automated by CCL v¿ ° d ONLN dË ¢á Ƙ )[ scripts, which can easily ° d ONLN d Ø ä ªΔ ( ∏ äFspecify that the modem should answer automatically by setting the S0 r ÜÄ ° d ONLN dI ØΔ ª ( ∏Δegister to a >0 ° d ONLN dY º ä » ß ( ≈ ävalue.
÷ H ‰ 4 ◊ H ‰
° d ONLN da ’ ä ‡ ù *Note
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° d ONLN df ‚ ä Ó Î *Server modes do not r )‡ ° d ONLN d{ ‚ Ï ÓM )beceive ring messages. ,
Zapf Dingbats
nÄ ° d ONLN dë ‰M ÌT )au
H 4 H ä
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN dì ä{ ( ä%Error Correction and Data Compression ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (5
° d ONLN dπ ä%m (" ä/The modem is equipped with two industry-standar e ° d ONLN dËm%ù )„ d, transpar ã@ ° d ONLN dÛù%º )0ent, err ȇ ° d ONLN d˚º%≈ ) or $` ° d ONLN d˝Δ%€ )
-corr † ° d ONLN d€% ) ection and ° d ONLN d
& ä2 Ω (/ ä
data-compr ≤‡ ° d ONLN d& Ω2 ‰ )3 ession pr l‡ ° d ONLN d & Â2 )(
otocols: Micr 8@ ° d ONLN d-& 2{ )9ocom Networking Pr ( ° d ONLN d?&{2≥ )] otocol (MNP ó† ° d ONLN dJ&≥2 )8 II-V) and the CCITT ° d ONLN d_3 ä? ´ (< ästandar ±Ä ° d ONLN df3 ´? ∫ )!d V ;` ° d ONLN di3 ∫? ” ).42/V ∏¿ ° d ONLN dn3 “? )
.42bis. Compr
` ° d ONLN d{3?T )>ession for MNP ‹` ° d ONLN dâ3T?´ )D 5 is up to 2:1. For V (@ ° d ONLN dü3´? )W.42bis it is up to 4:1. ° d ONLN d∑E äQ ∞ (N äThese pr âÄ ° d ONLN døE ∞Q Á )& otocols impr ≈Ä ° d ONLN dÀE ÁQ )7Aove transmission speed by up to 4 times the actual bit rate when ° d ONLN d R ä^@ ([ ä&connected to compatible modems. The pr ° d ONLN d2RA^Ä )∑otocols also pr üÄ ° d ONLN dARÄ^µ )? ovide a mor óÄ ° d ONLN dLRµ^ƒ )5e ef — ° d ONLN dPRƒ^ )fi ›¿ ° d ONLN dRR ^ı )
cient and ° d ONLN d\_ äk ç (h är E ° d ONLN d]_ ék  )eliable link. They ar Z ° d ONLN dr_ ÂkO )We particularly useful in r › ° d ONLN då_Ok )j*emote access types of applications, which ° d ONLN d∂l äx; (u ä(need to pass non-text data quickly and r ß@ ° d ONLN dfil;xX )±eliably % ° d ONLN dÂlXxZ ) . ° d ONLN dÁ~ ää (á äVThe modem normally attempts to achieve the best link possible when negotiating with a ° d ONLN d=ã äó Ø *
second r ûÄ ° d ONLN dEã Øó& )%emote modem, using MNP ̆ ° d ONLN d[ã&ó= )w 2 thr Δ` ° d ONLN daã=óx ) ough 5 and V ˛¿ ° d ONLN dmãwóê ):.42/V | ° d ONLN drãêó∏ )
.42bis err ™` ° d ONLN d|ã∏ó’ )(or corr /‡ ° d ONLN dÉã÷ó ) ection and ° d ONLN déò ä§ º (° ä
data compr fl ° d ONLN dòò º§ „ )2 ession pr ô ° d ONLN d°ò ‰§ )(Botocols. The modems systematically fall back on negotiation failur P` ° d ONLN d„ò§ (°es ° d ONLN dÊ• ä± (Æ äuntil they settle on a pr £Ä ° d ONLN dˇ• ±‹ )f8otocol, or hang up. It is possible to override and contr ° d ONLN d7•›± )Ì ol which ° d ONLN d@≤ äæ ì (ª äpr G ° d ONLN dB≤ îæ æ )
otocols ar ƒ† ° d ONLN dL≤ ææ )*e used by issuing "Ä ° d ONLN d^≤
ä'The 3615 modem consists of two system fi %† ° d ONLN d†D
v )∫ les: a Contr ˘‡ ° d ONLN d¨u
)1!ol Panel, which is placed in the ° d ONLN dÕ ä £ ( äContr Â@ ° d ONLN d“ £ È )ol Panels Folder ¿ ° d ONLN d‚ Í= )G, and a 3615-specifi √‡ ° d ONLN dˆ=ï )Sc CTB Connection T ° d ONLN dïÍ )Xool (3615 Modem T ô@ ° d ONLN dÈˇ )Tool), ° d ONLN d ä'\ ($ ä/which is placed in the System Extensions folder “@ ° d ONLN dN['` )—. s‡ ° d ONLN dP`'g )A ÆÄ ° d ONLN dQg'Í ) System 7 Installer Script is pr í† ° d ONLN dqÍ' )Éovided ° d ONLN dx( ä4 ‰ (1 äto install the softwar ‡ ° d ONLN dé( Â4X )[e on the PowerBook Duo.
The modem car s‡ ° d ONLN dE ◊ ± „Ü )E/d operates on +5 VDC, +/-5%. This voltage is pr j† ° d ONLN dt ◊Ü „¥ )’
ovided thr »† ° d ONLN d~ ◊¥ „› ). ough the ° d ONLN dá ‰ l ª ( Ì lmodem connector ≤` ° d ONLN dñ ‰ ª º )O<, either by the battery or a combination of battery and char j ° d ONLN d“ ‰Ω À ( ÌΩger ¯ ° d ONLN d’ ‰ œ )
. ° d ONLN d◊ Ò l ˝ r ( ˙ lT ∫¿ ° d ONLN dÿ Ò q ˝ î )ypically Ë¿ ° d ONLN d‡ Ò ì ˝ )" , a fully operational modem car i† ° d ONLN dˇ Ò ˝‹ )ã(d has an optimized power consumption of ° d ONLN d' ˛ l
} ( l450 ° d ONLN d+ ˛ ~
ê )mW È ° d ONLN d- ˛ è
ë ). ° d ONLN d/ l Å ( lCurr U¿ ° d ONLN d3 Å ∏ ) ent drawn fr Ç¿ ° d ONLN d? ∏ & )7om the two +5 VDC sour “¿ ° d ONLN dU& ¡ )n!ces by the modem does not exceed ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN dw& l- q (, ln
° d ONLN dy# x/G ) 090 mA, typical, when in full operation (on line)
° d ONLN d™8 l? q (> ln
° d ONLN d¨5 xA) ) &70 mA, typical, when in command state
° d ONLN d„É lè ≥ (å lThis section defi r ° d ONLN dÙÉ ¥èh )H'nes the interface between the modem car “` ° d ONLN dÉhèÊ )¥d and the PowerBook Duo’s ° d ONLN d5ê lú ∞ (ô lmain logic boar Ä ° d ONLN dDê ±ú9 )E d, and between the modem car É ° d ONLN d`ê9ú¶ )àd and the telephone line.
¡ *»¯ 4¬ *»¯ √ l√¯
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ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN dz≤ l¡/ (Ω l Modem Card Electrical Interface ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (Ω5
° d ONLN dö» l‘ ± (— l
The modem car s‡ ° d ONLN dß» ±‘( )Ed connects to the computer † ° d ONLN d¡»)‘w )x’s main logic boar ˇ` ° d ONLN d”»w‘å )Nd thr s‡ ° d ONLN dÿ»ç‘Á )ough a 50-pin, dual, ° d ONLN dÓ’ l· Ë (fi l in-line socket JAE connector † ° d ONLN d
’ Ë·Y )|, part number SX20-50P-L @ ° d ONLN d"’Y·≈ )qTS-MH2-2T which plugs ?‡ ° d ONLN d7’Δ·’ )m dir â ° d ONLN d;’’·Ï )ectly ° d ONLN dA‚ lÓT (Î l5into the connector on the edge of the main logic boar ⁄Ä ° d ONLN dv‚TÓ_ )Ëd. ˆ@ ° d ONLN dy‚_Óe ) T , ° d ONLN dz‚eÓá )able 5-1 9Ä ° d ONLN dÇ‚áÓÈ )" lists the signal assign- ° d ONLN dõÔ l˚T (¯ l2ments for those pins on the 50-pin modem connector ôÄ ° d ONLN dÕÔT˚V )Ë. Ä ° d ONLN dˇˇ ) used in this application.
*&¯ 4 *&¯ " l"¯
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° d ONLN dœ l ì ( l Table 5-1 ° d ONLN dŸ ™ U )>'Modem card connector signal assignments Ü¿ ° d ONLN d U W )´ ‡ ° d ONLN dˇˇ ) ° d ONLN dˇˇ (4 lPin ˇ˛ ° d ONLN dˇˇ )9 Signal name ^ ° d ONLN dˇˇ )`T ÌN ° d ONLN dˇˇ )ype Kë ° d ONLN dˇˇ )7 Description
° d ONLN d/: lF Ö (C l3, 16, ° d ONLN d6E lQ ä * 21, 27, ° d ONLN d>P l\ { * 35, ˇ˛ ° d ONLN dC: •F º (C •GND ^ ° d ONLN dG:F )`Gr ~~ ° d ONLN dI:F' ) ound Kë ° d ONLN dN:@Fj )0
Digital gr gë ° d ONLN dX:jFÅ )*ound ° d ONLN d^b ln q (k l8 ˇ˛ ° d ONLN d`b •n … )9+5V_US ^ ° d ONLN dgbn! )`Power Kë ° d ONLN dmb@nå );Unswitched +5 V «Q ° d ONLN d|bãnê )K. hÒ ° d ONLN d~bên¬ )
Always on. ° d ONLN dät lÄ v (} l14 ˇ˛ ° d ONLN dçt •Ä ‰ )9MDMSOUND ^ ° d ONLN dñtÄ% )`Output Kë ° d ONLN dùt@Äï );Phone line monitor ì1 ° d ONLN dØtîÄô )T. 4— ° d ONLN d±tôÄÿ )Analog signal. ° d ONLN d¡Ü lí v (è l20 ˇ˛ ° d ONLN dƒÜ •í ‹ )9/MDMPWR ^ ° d ONLN dÃÜí )`Input Kë ° d ONLN d“Ü@íu ); Power contr q ° d ONLN d›ÜvíÒ )6ol signal for +5V_MODEM. Kë ° d ONLN dˆë@ùÍ (ö@%When asserted (low), +5 V appears on Kë ° d ONLN dú@®® * the +5V_MODEM pins. ˇ¸ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
es 5-4 thr Ü ° d ONLN dk &, )(ough 5-6 show the har † ° d ONLN dÄ-&D )cdwar =` ° d ONLN dÑD&“ ) e interfaces between modem car Ä ° d ONLN d¢“& )é d and other ° d ONLN dÆ' ä3 ò (0 ähar ` ° d ONLN d±' ô3 ∞ )dwar N ° d ONLN dµ' ∞3j )'e elements in the PowerBook Duo System.
Q HX 4R HX S äS
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° d ONLN d›D äR$ (N äStand-alone PowerBook Duo ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ (N5
° d ONLN d˜] äi ¢ (f äFigur R¿ ° d ONLN d¸] ¢i ∂ )e 5-5 @ ° d ONLN d] ∂iM )! o0n the next page shows the confi ÆÄ ° d ONLN d#]Ni )ò'guration for the stand-alone PowerBook ° d ONLN dJj äv (s ä Duo computer > ° d ONLN dVj v )@. The modem car 2 ° d ONLN dejv
)J9d (domestic version) plugs in to the 50-pin connector on ° d ONLN dûw äÉa (Ä ä/the side of the PowerBook Duo’s main logic boar
ent 25mA). ° d ONLN d ] ü ä ´ £ ( ® ä40, 41 ˇ˛ ° d ONLN d d ü √ ´ )9 +5V_MODEM ^ ° d ONLN d n ü# ´? )`Power Kë ° d ONLN d t ü^ ´∂ );+5 V modem power „Q ° d ONLN d Ñ üµ ´Î )W . On when / Kë ° d ONLN d è ™^ ∂¬ ( ≥^MDMPWR is asserted. ° d ONLN d § º ä » î ( ≈ ä42 ˇ˛ ° d ONLN d ß º √ » ’ )9SER |fi ° d ONLN d ™ º ’ » ) VEE (-5V) ^ ° d ONLN d ¥ º# »? )NPower Kë ° d ONLN d ∫ º^ »è );
-5 V power • ° d ONLN d ƒ ºé »˛ )0. On when CPU is awake. ° d ONLN d › Œ ä ⁄ £ ( ◊ ä44, 45 ˇ˛ ° d ONLN d ‰ Œ √ ⁄ ⁄ )9DAA ø ° d ONLN d Á Œ ⁄ ⁄ Ù ) GND ^ ° d ONLN d Ï Œ# ⁄. )IGr ~~ ° d ONLN d Ó Œ. ⁄E ) ound Kë ° d ONLN d Û Œ^ ⁄ä )0 Analog gr •Q ° d ONLN d ¸ Œä ⁄° ),ound ° d ONLN d ‡ ä Ï î ( È ä47 ˇ˛ ° d ONLN d ‡ √ Ï )9 KEYSCANX[5] ^ ° d ONLN d ‡# ÏC )`Output Kë ° d ONLN d ‡^ Ï˙ );!Keyscan line to the Power Manager M ° d ONLN d9 ‡˙ Ï )ú, for Kë ° d ONLN d? Î^ ˜z ( Ù^power ®— ° d ONLN dD Îz ˜™ ) -on button. ° d ONLN dQ ˝ ä î ( ä49 ˇ˛ ° d ONLN dT ˝ √ )9 KEYSCANX[0] ^ ° d ONLN d` ˝# C )`Output Kë ° d ONLN dg ˝^ ˙ );!Keyscan line to the Power Manager M ° d ONLN dà ˝˙ )ú, for Kë ° d ONLN dé^z (^power ®— ° d ONLN dìz™ ) -on button. ° d ONLN d† ä& î (# ä50 ˇ˛ ° d ONLN d£ √& )9
ON/OFF_OUT ^ ° d ONLN dÆ#&C )`Output Kë ° d ONLN dµ^&è ); CPU on/of •Q ° d ONLN dæè&´ )1f contr 7± ° d ONLN d≈¨&˛ ) ol signal to Power Kë ° d ONLN dÿ%^1Ö (.^Manager 1 ° d ONLN dfl%Ö1á )'. ° d ONLN d‚7 äC( (@ ä$The signals on the following pins ar x† ° d ONLN d7(C3 )ûe r á@ ° d ONLN d 73CV ) outed fr ƒÄ ° d ONLN d7VCÏ )# om the modem’s 50-pin connector ±¿ ° d ONLN d07ÏCÒ )ñ, ° d ONLN d2B äN ó (K äthr X¿ ° d ONLN d5B óN? )
driver fr ° d ONLN dCí®û¸ )(om the data pump. ° d ONLN dVØ äª î (∏ ä36 ˇ˛ ° d ONLN dYØ √ª ˜ )9/RINGDET ^ ° d ONLN dbØ#ª= )`Input ^ ° d ONLN dh∫#Δ5 * (wir pû ° d ONLN dl∫5ΔI )e-or) Kë ° d ONLN drØ^ª∂ (∏^Ring detect signal fr Ìë ° d ONLN dáØ∂ª )Xom an expansion Kë ° d ONLN dó∫^Δ∂ (√^device’s adapter car Oq ° d ONLN d´∫∂Δfl )Xd (DAA). ° d ONLN dµÃ äÿ î (’ ä46 ˇ˛ ° d ONLN d∏à √ÿ Ú )9LINE_T/R ^ ° d ONLN d¡Ã#ÿA )`Input/ ^ ° d ONLN d«◊#„A * output Kë ° d ONLN dŒÃ^ÿe (’^V gÒ ° d ONLN dœÃdÿÌ ) oice-band analog signal to or fr ≠— ° d ONLN dÔÃÌÿ )âom an Kë ° d ONLN dı◊^„
(‡^$expansion device’s modem adapter car ÑQ ° d ONLN d◊
„ )¨d Kë ° d ONLN d‚^Ó~ (Î^(DAA).
g H n 4 g H n j ä j
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° d ONLN dˇˇ ( d ä Table 5-1 ° d ONLN dˇˇ )>'Modem card connector signal assignments Ü¿ ° d ONLN dˇˇ )´ ‡ ° d ONLN dˇˇ ) (continued) ° d ONLN dˇˇ ( | äPin ˇ˛ ° d ONLN dˇˇ )9 Signal name ^ ° d ONLN dˇˇ )`T ÌN ° d ONLN dˇˇ )ype Kë ° d ONLN dˇˇ )7 Description ˇ@˙ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
4 * \¯ , Palatino
&e . 3 +l"CHAPTER à )>5 , Helvetica
ˇˇ—Ú ˇÆ ( @ lInternal Modem 4⁄ *˙¯
(‡ *60
)BModem Interface 4 ^ *¿¯
g * w¯ 4 g * w¯ " h *]
ˇ·ˇ‚7^ ° d ONLN d \ l g ñ ( d l
Figure 5-5 ° d ONLN d \ Æ gé )B2Interface between modem card and the PowerBook Duo
*˜¯ 4Ò *˜¯ Ú lÚ¯
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
° d ONLN d >„ lÒ (Ì lPowerBook Duo with MiniDock ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ (ÌÒ5
° d ONLN d Z˜ l Ñ ( lFigur R¿ ° d ONLN d _˜ Ñ ò )e 5-6 @ ° d ONLN d d˜ òÔ )J shows the interface when the PowerBook Duo is attached to a MiniDock.The ° d ONLN d Æ l ù (
l modem car 8 ° d ONLN d ∑ ûÁ )2Hd plugs into the 50-pin connector on the PowerBook Duo’s main logic boar ˝` ° d ONLN d ˇÁÚ (
Ád. ° d ONLN d l ï ( l This boar Ÿ† ° d ONLN d ï l ))0d interfaces with the MiniDock’s main logic boar @ ° d ONLN d;m “ )ÿd via the 152-pin main ° d ONLN dR l* « (' lexpansion connector ·Ä ° d ONLN de Δ*4 )Z. The modem adapter car q‡ ° d ONLN d| 5*å )od (internal DAA) pr :` ° d ONLN dè ç*Ï )Xovides the link to the ° d ONLN d¶+ l7˜ (4 l[telephone line, and it plugs in to the 10-pin connector on the side of the MiniDock’s main ° d ONLN d8 lD ó *
logic boar ¿ ° d ONLN d 8 òD † ),d.
b *i¯ 4c *i¯ d ld¯
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
° d ONLN dU lc (_ lPowerBook Duo with Duo Dock ˇˇˇˇˇˇ ‘@ (_Ò5
° d ONLN d*i lu Ñ (r lFigur R¿ ° d ONLN d/i Ñu ¿ )e 5-7 on page ° d ONLN d=i ¡u À )=62 ° d ONLN d?i Àuˆ )
A shows the interface when the PowerBook Duo is attached to a Duo ° d ONLN dÄv lÇ ( lDock.The modem car & ° d ONLN dív ÀÇÈ )_>d plugs into the 50-pin connector on the PowerBook Duo’s main ° d ONLN d–É lè ó (å l
\ ∂ gu )+terface between modem card and the Duo Dock
i *p¯ 4j *p¯ k lk¯
ˇ·ˇ‚7^
ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d 9Z li- (e l Modem Power Control Interface ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r (e5
° d ONLN d Wp l| r (y lT ∫¿ ° d ONLN d Xp q| ü ) wo lines fr H‡ ° d ONLN d cp †| Î )/om the computer t ° d ONLN d rp Î|t )K, +5V_US and +5VMODEM, pr ]` ° d ONLN d ãpt|Ì )âovide +5VDC power to the ° d ONLN d §} lâ/ (Ü l'modem. Power supply +5V_US is always pr õÄ ° d ONLN d À}/â{ )√esent, unless ther ¶` ° d ONLN d ›}{⢠)L
e is a har ´¿ ° d ONLN d Á}¢âπ )'dwar „Ä ° d ONLN d Î}πâÔ ) e shutdown ° d ONLN d ˆä lñ ÷ (ì l(following battery failur À‡ ° d ONLN dä ÷ñ™ )j+e. Power supply +5VMODEM is turned on or of ±Ä ° d ONLN d:ä™ñ )‘f depending on ° d ONLN dIó l£ é († lthe curr ` ° d ONLN dQó 裻 )#?ent power mode of the modem. For example, +5VMODEM is turned of ŸÄ ° d ONLN dêó»£È (†»f when ° d ONLN dó§ l∞˜ (≠ lQthe computer enters shutdown or sleep mode. The modem has two power modes: power ° d ONLN d˱ lΩ µ *
on and power of Z† ° d ONLN d˜± µΩ ∫ )If.
w jFÔ 4 v i w j ò 2 @Ö @Ö w j ∑Ô œ œ ?“ˇ‡ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ ˛ Ä ÿ 0˛ ¿Ò Ä Ä¯ ! ˛ ¿ ¿ 0˛ ¿Ò ¿ ¿
ˇˇ‹. ˇ◊ ° d ONLN d \ ä k í ( g äT \. ° d ONLN d \ ë k[ )"elephone Line Electrical Interface ˇˇˇˇˇˇ €r ( g5
° d ONLN d $ r ä ~ º ( { ä Modem car Ÿ` ° d ONLN d - r º ~c )2%d design includes a balanced, two-wir ö` ° d ONLN d R rd ~ )®&e telephone interface that meets U.S. ° d ONLN d x ä ã ( à ä(FCC part 68), DOC, and JA ó ° d ONLN d í ãò )z"TE telephone line interface specifi ïÄ ° d ONLN d µ ô ã )ïcations. The physical part ° d ONLN d – å ä ò ( ï ä$of the interface consists of an RJ-1 i† ° d ONLN d Ù å ò )î91 phone jack, (J3) with six slots and four contacts. The ° d ONLN d- ô ä • Ô ( ¢ ämiddle two contacts ar b‡ ° d ONLN dC ô Ô •, )ee used for TIP Ì@ ° d ONLN dQ ô, •Ç )= and RING signals. £¿ ° d ONLN dd ôÇ •π )V
{ äÜz (É ä7Guard tone frequencies and transmit levels (CCITT only) ° d ONLN dEä äï ¥ * Frequency ≥3 ° d ONLN dOäï )}T ›£ ° d ONLN dPä ï> )
ransmit level
° d ONLN d`ò ä§ „ (° ä1800 Hz, +/- 20 Hz, ≥3 ° d ONLN duò§∫ )})@6, +/- 1 dB below transmit carrier level ° d ONLN d°™ ä∂ ‹ (≥ ä550 Hz, +/- 20 Hz, ≥3 ° d ONLN d¥™∂º )}*@ 3, +/- 1 dB below transmit carrier level ˇ
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)BModem/fax Specifi Ç∞ )Jcations 4 ^ *¿¯ ° d ONLN d u l Ä œ ( } lAnswer tone frequency ° d ONLN d Ñ l è ê *Standard ≥3 ° d ONLN d " Ñ È è )} Frequency
° d ONLN d . í l û s ( õ lV n ° d ONLN d / í r û ö ) .22 bis/V Ä ° d ONLN d 8 í ö û ≥ )(.22/V ï‡ ° d ONLN d = í ≤ û æ ).21 ≥3 ° d ONLN d A í È û )72100 Hz ° d ONLN d K § l ∞ ´ ( ≠ l
Bell 103/212A ≥3 ° d ONLN d Y § È ∞ )}2225 Hz
° d ONLN d c π l ƒ ( ¡ l#Received signal frequency tolerance ° d ONLN d ä » l ” ñ * Frequency ≥3 ° d ONLN d î » È ” Ó )}T 33 ° d ONLN d ï » Ó ” )olerance
° d ONLN d º Ï l ˜ ü ( Ù l Calling tone ° d ONLN d à ˛ l q *T ° d ONLN d Õ ˛ q Ä )one ≥3 ° d ONLN d — ˛ È )x Frequency
° d ONLN d › l s ( lV n ° d ONLN d fi r ~ ).25 ≥3 ° d ONLN d ‚ È )w13 Hz
° d ONLN d Í" l- œ (* lFacsimile transmission ° d ONLN d4 l? ê *Standard ≥3 ° d ONLN d
4 È? )}Speeds
° d ONLN dB lN w (K lGr Ê ° d ONLN dB wN ± ) oup III fax pr D ° d ONLN d&B ≤N ” );otocols ° d ONLN d.M lY u (V l(T 7@ ° d ONLN d0M uY ò ) .4 and T ¿ ° d ONLN d8M òY ƒ )#
.30) and V ∂‡ ° d ONLN dBM √Y œ )+.29 ≥3 ° d ONLN dFB ÈNK (K È9600 bps and 7200 bps ° d ONLN d^_ lk s (h lV n ° d ONLN d__ rk ä ).27ter ≥3 ° d ONLN df_ ÈkK )w4800 bps and 2400 bps
° d ONLN d~u lÄ ∞ (} lError correction
° d ONLN díÉ lè á *Full V U ° d ONLN dòÉ Üè ) .42 compliance, including MNP2-4
° d ONLN dºô l§ ∫ (° lData compression ° d ONLN d–´ l∂ ê *Standard ≥3 ° d ONLN dŸ´ È∂ )} Compression
° d ONLN dÁπ l≈ s (¬ lV n ° d ONLN dËπ r≈ ê ).42 bis ≥3 ° d ONLN dÒπ È≈ )w Up to 4 to 1 ° d ONLN d À l◊ å (‘ lMNP-5 ≥3 ° d ONLN dÀ È◊ )}
Up to 2 to 1
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Design Specifi 2< ° d ONLN d< Á ë ˙ √ )gcations ˇˇˇˇˇˇ V˛ ( ı6
° d ONLN dD l Ñ ( lFigur R¿ ° d ONLN dI Ñ ò )e 6-1 @ ° d ONLN dN òØ )< is the mechanical design drawing for the DRAM expansion car ¶Ä ° d ONLN dä ∞‚ (∞ d. It shows ° d ONLN dñ l$: (! l.outlines and dimensions applicable to both car n ° d ONLN dƒ:$I )Œds.
I *P¯ 4J *P¯ K lK¯
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° d ONLN dŸP l\ (Y l Developers of DRAM expansion car ®` ° d ONLN d˘P \€ )ü-ds should observe a number of design consider "` ° d ONLN d&P‹\fl )—- ° d ONLN d'] li« (f lJations when selecting DRAM components, and use devices with the following ° d ONLN drj lv ≠ *
characteristics: ,
Zapf Dingbats
° d ONLN dÉÄ lá q *n
° d ONLN dÖ} xâ ) #70-nanosecond devices for systems r q@ ° d ONLN d®}âä )°unning at 25 Hz or 33 Hz.
° d ONLN d¬í lô q (ò ln
° d ONLN dƒè xõ  ) Low power devices (300 , Symbol 1‡ ° d ONLN d€è Êö Î )nm Ù@ ° d ONLN d‹è Îõ Ú )A .‡ ° d ONLN d›è Ûõ] ) maximum standby curr ı@ ° d ONLN dÚè]õp )jent).
° d ONLN d¯§ l´ q (™ ln
° d ONLN d˙° x≠ ) %Devices with slow (128 millisecond) r ç ° d ONLN d ° ≠) )•efr o† ° d ONLN d"°)≠d ) esh (used in r ›` ° d ONLN d0°d≠• );
unning mode).
° d ONLN d>∂ lΩ q (º ln
° d ONLN d@≥ xøb ) 7512K x 8 bit, or 2MB x 8 bit devices. No other parts ar ° d ONLN dw≥cøö )Î e supported.
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° d ONLN dôÍ lˆ ’ (Û lThe 4 MB expansion car 4 ° d ONLN dØÍ ÷ˆö )j*d houses eight 512K x 8 DRAMs in a standar Ò ° d ONLN dŸÍöˆÒ )ƒd SOJ package. It is ° d ONLN dÓ˜ l ô ( l a six-layer @ ° d ONLN d˘˜ ô Ó )-, surface-mount car J@ ° d ONLN d ˜ Ób )Ud. The 8 MB expansion car ° d ONLN d%˜cu )ud pr |‡ ° d ONLN d)˜uÁ )ovides additional storage ° d ONLN dC l9 (
l-using sixteen 512K x 8 DRAM devices. If you r ÇÄ ° d ONLN dp9P )Õequir ô¿ ° d ONLN duPi )e mor Ò‡ ° d ONLN dzi„ )e than 8 MB of DRAM, you ° d ONLN dì l Á ( lRmay use either denser capacity DRAMs (2 MB x 8), or an advanced packaging option. ° d ONLN d l* ™ *
The connector k@ ° d ONLN dÚ ™*7 )>#, in each case, is a 70-pin, low pr ÿ@ ° d ONLN d 7*B )çofi ZÄ ° d ONLN d C*å ) le JAE connector Ú‡ ° d ONLN d( ã* )H, part number ° d ONLN d6+ l7 û (4 l
p, )Sough fi ∞ ° d ONLN ded,pI ) ve (5). G† ° d ONLN dmdJpb ) Figur ` ° d ONLN drdbpû )e 6-2 on page Ÿ† ° d ONLN dÄdûp® )<68 Ÿ† ° d ONLN dÇd®pŸ )
shows the ° d ONLN dçq l} œ (z llayout of the DRAMs. ¬ ° d ONLN d¢q œ} ’ )cT ˜¿ ° d ONLN d£q ‘} )able 6-1 on page ' ° d ONLN d¥q }) )K68 ' ° d ONLN d∂q)}´ )
summarizes the capacities pr ï† ° d ONLN d”q´}⁄ )Ç
ovided by ° d ONLN d›~ lä x (á ldif ™` ° d ONLN d‡~ xä Ñ ) fer å‡ ° d ONLN d„~ Ñä ™ ) ent confi Æ ° d ONLN dÏ~ ™ä )&gurations and chip types. ˇFR @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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Figure 6-1 ° d ONLN d \ Ã gO )B Outline of DRAM expansion card
° d ONLN d 4 ä&¿ (# äFEach bank must be fully occupied, or completely unoccupied. It is not ° d ONLN d z& ä2y * 4possible to have partially populated banks of DRAMs. ,
Figure 6-2 ° d ONLN d \ Æ g0 )B DRAM expansion card chip confi † ° d ONLN d ) \1 gQ )Éguration
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ˇ·ˇ‚7^ ° d ONLN d 2√ lŒ ì (À l Table 6-1 ° d ONLN d <√ ™Œ! )>Summary of DRAM capacities – ° d ONLN dˇˇ )x ° d ONLN dˇˇ („ lBank ¬ä ° d ONLN dˇˇ )/ Chip type ó… ° d ONLN dˇˇ )G
Bank capacity ¸ ° d ONLN dˇˇ )S
Board/card K ° d ONLN dˇˇ )DComments
° d ONLN d ìÈ lı q (Ú l0 ¬ä ° d ONLN d ïÈ õı ¿ )/512K x 8 ó… ° d ONLN d ûÈ ‚ı ˘ )G2 MB ¸ ° d ONLN d £È5ıL )SMain K ° d ONLN d ®Èyıø )D512K chips only ° d ONLN d π˚ l q ( l1 ¬ä ° d ONLN d ª˚ õ ¿ )/512K x 8 ó… ° d ONLN d ƒ˚ ‚ ˘ )G2 MB ¸ ° d ONLN d …˚5L )SMain K ° d ONLN d Œ˚yø )D512K chips only ° d ONLN d fl
Although the /¿ ° d ONLN dr º) »¶ )=Apple DRAM expansion car <@ ° d ONLN dä º¶ »Ë )}d is physically ° d ONLN dö … ä ’ ( “ ä constrained to four banks, appr 1† ° d ONLN dπ … ’p )ãopriate column addr ` ° d ONLN dà …p ’ó )[ ess and r ˝ ° d ONLN d’ …ñ ’ª )&ow addr F ° d ONLN d‹ …º ’◊ )&ess str N ° d ONLN d„ …◊ ’
) obe signals ° d ONLN dÔ ÷ ä ‚ í ( fl äar E ° d ONLN dÒ ÷ ì ‚ § ) e pr U¿ ° d ONLN dı ÷ § ‚ )ovided to support a fi Ä ° d ONLN d ÷ ‚ )`:fth bank. Using a special IC packaging technique, such as ° d ONLN dE „ ä Ô ( Ï ätape automated bonding (T ≥@ ° d ONLN d^ „ Ôb )xAB), an expansion car "¿ ° d ONLN ds „c Ôù )a
d using the fi 5† ° d ONLN dÅ „ù ÔÈ ):fth bank could pr ΩÄ ° d ONLN dí „È Ô )Lovide ° d ONLN dô ä ¸ˆ ( ˘ äOan additional 8 MB of DRAM, for a total memory capacity of 3 2MB (28 MB on the ° d ONLN dË ˝ ä « *
expansion car g@ ° d ONLN dı ˝ « b )="d, and 4 MB on the main logic boar :‡ ° d ONLN d ˝b õ )õ
d). This confi ‡ ° d ONLN d% ˝ú ˛ ):guration has not been ° d ONLN d;
° d ONLN dÄY äe ⁄ (b äThe expansion car £ ° d ONLN dëY ⁄e )P<ds occupy part of the memory-mapped DRAM space, as shown in ° d ONLN dÕf är ¢ (o äFigur R¿ ° d ONLN d“f ¢rÜ )0e 2-1 (Chapter 2, “PowerBook Duo Main Logic Boar ç† ° d ONLN dfÜrô )‰d”).
° d ONLN d&µ ä¡ ¸ (æ äThe DRAM expansion car ¿ ° d ONLN d<µ ¸¡‚ )r5d plugs into the 70-pin connector on the edge of the ° d ONLN dq¬ äŒ (À ä PowerBook Duo main logic boar w† ° d ONLN d鬌ó )êd. The DRAM expansion car fi ° d ONLN d߬óŒÚ )}d connector is a JAE ° d ONLN dºœ ä€ µ (ÿ ä connector /Ä ° d ONLN d≈œ µ€& )+, part number SX20-70P-L R ° d ONLN d›œ&€Y )q TS-MH2-2T Ñ@ ° d ONLN dÊœY€^ )3. Ñ@ ° d ONLN dËœ^€d )T ∫ ° d ONLN dÈœc€Ö )able 6-2 «Ä ° d ONLN dҜր )" lists the pin assignments for ° d ONLN d‹ äË » ( äthis connector ˆ ° d ONLN d ‹ «Ë … )=. ° d ONLN d Ó ä˙; (˜ ä#When designing a DRAM expansion car /Ä ° d ONLN dCÓ<˙€ )≤$d, you should include logic for addr c ° d ONLN dgÓ€˙˛ )üess and ° d ONLN do˚ ä † ( äcontr >Ä ° d ONLN dt˚ ° ∑ )ol cir : ° d ONLN dz˚ ∑ — )cuitry B ° d ONLN dÄ˚ – ), since all signals r 3¿ ° d ONLN dï˚ 7 )Pequir K ° d ONLN dö˚7M )ed ar u` ° d ONLN dü˚MÙ )&e available at the expansion connector p‡ ° d ONLN d≈˚Ù
)ß. Ther Ò† ° d ONLN dÀ˚
)e ° d ONLN dÕ ä í ( äar E ° d ONLN dœ ì · ) e ten DRAM addr @ ° d ONLN dfi ‚√ )O6ess bits (FRA0:9), and 32 data lines. Data bits 24 thr + ° d ONLN d√Ò )·
ough 31 ar Õ@ ° d ONLN d Ò¯ ).e ° d ONLN d ä! ò ( äbuf 5 ° d ONLN d# ô! • )fer Ä ° d ONLN d& •! à ) ed (DDA U ° d ONLN d- Ã! “ )'T ∏Ä ° d ONLN d. —!å ),A[31:24]). Other data (Data 23:0) is not buf ê` ° d ONLN dZå!ò )ªfer r‡ ° d ONLN d]ò!¢ ) ed X@ ° d ONLN dˇˇ ) .
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° d ONLN d`: äE ± (B ä Table 6-2 ° d ONLN dj: »Eõ )>0DRAM expansion card connector signal assignments âP ° d ONLN dˇˇ )” ° d ONLN dˇˇ (Z äPin ≥3 ° d ONLN dˇˇ )ä Signal name Êf ° d ONLN dˇˇ )P Description
° d ONLN d√` äl è (i ä1 ≥3 ° d ONLN d≈`l+ )äDDA 7ì ° d ONLN d»`+l1 )T öÛ ° d ONLN d…`0lH )A[31] Êf ° d ONLN dœ`dls )4Buf /Ü ° d ONLN d“`tlÄ )fer ° d ONLN d’`Älª ) ed data bit 31 ° d ONLN dÂr ä~ È ({ ä2, 19, 20, 32, 39, 52, 62 ≥3 ° d ONLN dˇr~E )ä+5V MAIN Êf ° d ONLN drd~∞ )P+5 V main power ° d ONLN dÑ äê è (ç ä3 ≥3 ° d ONLN dÑê+ )äDDA 7ì ° d ONLN d Ñ+ê1 )T öÛ ° d ONLN d Ñ0êH )A[30] Êf ° d ONLN d%Ñdês )4Buf /Ü ° d ONLN d(ÑtêÄ )fer ° d ONLN d+ÑÄêª ) ed data bit 30 ° d ONLN d;ñ ä¢ ı (ü ä 4,17, 22, 30, 37, 42, 50, 64 ≥3 ° d ONLN dXñ¢A )äGROUND Êf ° d ONLN d_ñd¢o )PGr LÜ ° d ONLN dañp¢á ) ound ° d ONLN dg® ä¥ è (± ä5 ≥3 ° d ONLN di®¥+ )äDDA 7ì ° d ONLN dl®+¥1 )T öÛ ° d ONLN dm®0¥H )A[29] Êf ° d ONLN ds®d¥s )4Buf /Ü ° d ONLN dv®t¥Ä )fer ° d ONLN dy®Ä¥ª ) ed data bit 29 ˇ @ ˇ ˇˇˇˇ @
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° d ONLN d Ç l é q ( ã l6 ≥3 ° d ONLN d Ç ˆ é
)äDDA 7ì ° d ONLN d Ç
é )T öÛ ° d ONLN d Ç é* )A[27] Êf ° d ONLN d ÇF éU )4Buf /Ü ° d ONLN d ÇV éb )fer ° d ONLN d Çb éù ) ed data bit 27 ° d ONLN d " î l † q ( ù l7 ≥3 ° d ONLN d $ î ˆ †
)äDDA 7ì ° d ONLN d ' î
† )T öÛ ° d ONLN d ( î †* )A[28] Êf ° d ONLN d . îF †U )4Buf /Ü ° d ONLN d 1 îV †b )fer ° d ONLN d 4 îb †ù ) ed data bit 28 ° d ONLN d D ¶ l ≤ q ( Ø l8 ≥3 ° d ONLN d F ¶ ˆ ≤
)äDDA 7ì ° d ONLN d I ¶
≤ )T öÛ ° d ONLN d J ¶ ≤* )A[26] Êf ° d ONLN d P ¶F ≤U )4Buf /Ü ° d ONLN d S ¶V ≤b )fer ° d ONLN d V ¶b ≤ù ) ed data bit 26 ° d ONLN d f ∏ l ƒ q ( ¡ l9 ≥3 ° d ONLN d h ∏ ˆ ƒ) )ä /FCASD[3] Êf ° d ONLN d r ∏F ƒ] )PFilter F ° d ONLN d x ∏^ ƒ§ )ed column addr sΔ ° d ONLN d Ü ∏§ ƒø )Fess str {Δ ° d ONLN d ç ∏ø ƒ‡ )obe for Êf ° d ONLN d ï √F œ] ( ÃFDDA jΔ ° d ONLN d ò √] œc )T Œ& ° d ONLN d ô √b œá )A[31-24] ° d ONLN d £ ’ l · v ( fi l10 ≥3 ° d ONLN d ¶ ’ ˆ ·
· )T öÛ ° d ONLN d ™ ’ ·* )A[25] Êf ° d ONLN d ∞ ’F ·U )4Buf /Ü ° d ONLN d ≥ ’V ·b )fer ° d ONLN d ∂ ’b ·ù ) ed data bit 25 ° d ONLN d Δ Á l Û q ( l1 Û` ° d ONLN d « Á p Û u )1 ≥3 ° d ONLN d … Á ˆ Û$ )Ü/FRASDC Êf ° d ONLN d — ÁF Û] )PFilter F ° d ONLN d ◊ Á^ Ûo )ed r A¶ ° d ONLN d € Áo Ûî )ow addr ä¶ ° d ONLN d ‚ Áî ÛØ )%ess str í¶ ° d ONLN d È ÁØ Û» )obe C ° d ONLN d ˘ l v ( l12 ≥3 ° d ONLN d Û ˘ ˆ
M" )A[18] Êf ° d ONLN dîAFMu )< Data bit 18 ° d ONLN d°S l_ v (\ l18 ≥3 ° d ONLN d§S ˆ_ )äDA zS ° d ONLN d¶S_ )T ›≥ ° d ONLN dßS
_" )A[17] Êf ° d ONLN d≠SF_u )< Data bit 17 ° d ONLN d∫e lq v (n l21 ≥3 ° d ONLN dΩe ˆq )äDA zS ° d ONLN døeq )T ›≥ ° d ONLN d¿e
q" )A[23] Êf ° d ONLN dΔeFqu )< Data bit 23 ° d ONLN d”w lÉ v (Ä l23 ≥3 ° d ONLN d÷w ˆÉ )äDA zS ° d ONLN dÿwÉ )T ›≥ ° d ONLN dŸw
É" )A[22] Êf ° d ONLN dflwFÉu )< Data bit 22 ° d ONLN dÏâ lï v (í l24 ≥3 ° d ONLN dÔâ ˆï )änc Êf ° d ONLN dÚâFïÜ )P
Not connected ° d ONLN dõ lß v (§ l25 ≥3 ° d ONLN dõ ˆß )äDA zS ° d ONLN dõß )T ›≥ ° d ONLN dõ
ß" )A[21] Êf ° d ONLN d
õFßu )< Data bit 21 ° d ONLN d≠ lπ v (∂ l26 ≥3 ° d ONLN d ≠ ˆπ% )ä/FRASDE Êf ° d ONLN d&≠Fπ] )PFilter F ° d ONLN d,≠^πo )ed r A¶ ° d ONLN d0≠oπî )ow addr ä¶ ° d ONLN d7≠îπØ )%ess str í¶ ° d ONLN d>≠Øπ« )obe E ° d ONLN dEø lÀ v (» l27 ≥3 ° d ONLN dHø ˆÀ )äDA zS ° d ONLN dJøÀ )T ›≥ ° d ONLN dKø
À" )A[20] Êf ° d ONLN dQøFÀu )< Data bit 20 ° d ONLN d^— l› v (⁄ l28 ≥3 ° d ONLN da— ˆ› )äDA zS ° d ONLN dc—› )T ›≥ ° d ONLN dd—
›" )A[16] Êf ° d ONLN dj—F›u )< Data bit 16 ° d ONLN dw„ lÔ v (Ï l29 ≥3 ° d ONLN dz„ ˆÔ+ )ä
ess bit 10 ° d ONLN dπ~ lä v (á l41 ≥3 ° d ONLN dº~ ˆä )äDA zS ° d ONLN dæ~ä )T ›≥ ° d ONLN dø~
ä" )A[15] Êf ° d ONLN d≈~Fäu )< Data bit 15 ° d ONLN d“ê lú v (ô l43 ≥3 ° d ONLN d’ê ˆú )äDA zS ° d ONLN d◊êú )T ›≥ ° d ONLN dÿê
ú" )A[14] Êf ° d ONLN dfiêFúu )< Data bit 14 ° d ONLN d΢ lÆ v (´ l44 ≥3 ° d ONLN dÓ¢ ˆÆ$ )ä/FRASDG Êf ° d ONLN dˆ¢FÆ] )PFilter F ° d ONLN d¸¢^Æo )ed r A¶ ° d ONLN d ¢oÆî )ow addr ä¶ ° d ONLN d¢îÆØ )%ess str í¶ ° d ONLN d¢ØÆ» )obe G
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Data bit 2 ° d ONLN doA äM î (J ä57 ≥3 ° d ONLN drAM# )äDA zS ° d ONLN dtA#M) )T ›≥ ° d ONLN duA(M; )A[7] Êf ° d ONLN dzAdMé )<
Data bit 7 ° d ONLN dÜS ä_ î (\ ä58 ≥3 ° d ONLN dâS_# )äDA zS ° d ONLN dãS#_) )T ›≥ ° d ONLN dåS(_; )A[1] Êf ° d ONLN dëSd_é )<
Data bit 1 ° d ONLN dùe äq î (n ä59 ≥3 ° d ONLN d†eq# )äDA zS ° d ONLN d¢e#q) )T ›≥ ° d ONLN d£e(q; )A[6] Êf ° d ONLN d®edqé )<
Data bit 6 ° d ONLN d¥w äÉ î (Ä ä60 ≥3 ° d ONLN d∑wÉ@ )ä/FRASDF Êf ° d ONLN døwdÉ{ )PFilter F ° d ONLN d≈w|Éç )ed r A¶ ° d ONLN d…wçÉ≤ )ow addr ä¶ ° d ONLN d–w≤ÉÕ )%ess str í¶ ° d ONLN d◊wÕɉ )obe F ° d ONLN dfiâ äï î (í ä61 ≥3 ° d ONLN d·âï# )äDA zS ° d ONLN d„â#ï) )T ›≥ ° d ONLN d‰â(ï; )A[5] Êf ° d ONLN dÈâdïé )<
Data bit 5 ° d ONLN dıõ äß î (§ ä63 ≥3 ° d ONLN d¯õß# )äDA zS ° d ONLN d˙õ#ß) )T ›≥ ° d ONLN d˚õ(ß; )A[4] Êf ° d ONLN d õdßé )<
° d ONLN d Ó l# r ( lT µ¿ ° d ONLN d Ô q# ì )able 6-4 √@ ° d ONLN d ˜ ì#= )"" summarizes the DRAM expansion car ˝` ° d ONLN d=#b )™d specifi @ ° d ONLN d"c#¬ )&cations for the 4- and ° d ONLN d9$ l0 Ø (- l8-megabyte car ÿ† ° d ONLN dG$ Ø0« )C<ds. Using 16 MB DRAMs it is possible to extend overall DRAM ° d ONLN dÑ1 l= º (: lcapacity to 24 MB. e` ° d ONLN dˇˇ )Q á ° d ONLN dˇˇ ) All DRAMs ar »¿ ° d ONLN dˇˇ )? e low-power ˆ ° d ONLN dˇˇ )7, self-r D` ° d ONLN dˇˇ ) efr &‡ ° d ONLN dˇˇ ) esh devices.
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° d ONLN d \ l g ì ( d l Table 6-3 ° d ONLN d
\ ™ ge )>*DRAM expansion card current and power draw ° d ONLN d 4 t l ò ( | l Parameter Ô ° d ONLN d > t Ÿ )m 4-MB card m∞ ° d ONLN d H t D )@ 8-MB card
° d ONLN d S Ç l é Å ( ã lCurr U¿ ° d ONLN d W Ç Å é ≈ )
ent (maximum) Ô ° d ONLN d e Ç Ÿ é ¯ )X2.4 mA m∞ ° d ONLN d l Ç é8 )@4.8 mA ° d ONLN d t î l † Å ( ù lCurr U¿ ° d ONLN d x î Å † º )
ent (nominal) Ô ° d ONLN d Ü î Ÿ † Ò )X1 mA m∞ ° d ONLN d ã î †1 )@2 mA ° d ONLN d ë ¶ l ≤ ø ( Ø lPower (maximum) Ô ° d ONLN d ° ¶ Ÿ ≤ ¯ )m12 mW m∞ ° d ONLN d ß ¶ ≤8 )@24 mW ° d ONLN d Æ ∏ l ƒ ∂ ( ¡ lPower (nominal) Ô ° d ONLN d æ ∏ Ÿ ƒ Û )m5 mW m∞ ° d ONLN d √ ∏ ƒ8 )@10 mW
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° d ONLN d ± Û l ˇ— ( ¸ lMThe PowerBook Duo is housed in a clamshell case. When closed, the case measur Ä ° d ONLN d ˛ Û“ ˇÚ ( ¸“es 8 by ° d ONLN d l à ( lA10.8 inches, and is 1.3 inches deep. The total system weighs appr æ‡ ° d ONLN dG à Ê ( àoximately four and a ° d ONLN d\
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